Résumé
Introduction: Incidence of invasive fungal infections is now rising. An estimated 4.7 million HIV-1–infected persons are living in Asia. The aim of the study was to know the anti fungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.in northen India region. Material and methods: In this study we took 150 patients attending outpatient department and admitted in the wards of T.B. and Respiratory Diseases, along with those attending antiretroviral treatment clinic and ICTC (Department of Microbiology), in J. N. Medical College, AMU. Results: Amongst Candida isolates, resistance to fluconazole was seen in 6.9% isolates of C. albicans. 50% of C. dubliniensis and 20% of C.glabrata were resistant to fluconazole. Also, resistance to ketoconazole was observed in 25% isolates of C. dubliniensis. Only 1 isolate was resistant to AMB which was of C.glabrata (20%) and no isolate was resistant to Caspofungin. Resistance to Amphotericin B was seen in 11.8% of A. fumigatus, 10% of A. flavus and 33.3% of A. niger. Resistance to Itraconazole was found in 11.8% of A. fumigatus, 20% of A. flavus and 33.3% of A. niger. Resistance to Ketoconazole was seen in 11.1% of A. fumigatus, 14.2% of A. flavus and 100% of A. niger. No resistance was seen against Caspofungin against any species of Aspergillus. Conclusion: There is gradual increase in the antifungal resistance among higher drugs reported from other regions, is a major concern for today.
Résumé
Background: The purpose of this study was to isolate the Candida spp. & examine their susceptibility to antifungal drugs from various clinical specimens. One hundred fifty isolates of Candida spp. were included in this study. Clinical history revealed that all patients were on systemic broad spectrum antibacterial drugs. Materials and Methods: Candida spp. was differentiated by germ tube test, culture characteristics on special media for fungus, sugar fermentation, sugar assimilation and growth on corn meal agar. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing against Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Nystatin and Amphotericin B were done on basis of CLSI guidelines on Methylene blue containing Mueller Hinton Agar by disk diffusion method. Result: We found 52% and 48%, C.albicans & Non albicans candida spp., respectively. There were no resistance to Nystatin and Amphotericin B. C.albicans was more susceptible than Non albicans candida. Nystatin & Amphotericin B were susceptible to all isolated Candida spp. In present scenario, Fluconazole is most commonly used empirical antifungal drug, which is more effective to C.albicans than Non albicans Candida. Conclusion: Due to emergence of resistance in Azole group of antifungal among Non albicans candida, it should be mandatory to use antifungal drugs as per the susceptibility testing.