Uso de balón subacromial en lesión masiva irreparable del manguito rotador

La lesión del manguito rotador es una causa importante de dolor y disfunción del hombro. El tratamiento de las roturas masivas e irreparables del manguito rotador sigue siendo un gran reto para los ortopedistas por su complejidad y severidad. Una de las alternativas prometedoras para su manejo es el uso del balón subacromial. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 67 años con diagnóstico de rotura masiva e irreparable del manguito rotador en el hombro derecho (grado III de Patte, grado IV Goutallier y grado II de Hamada) sin artrosis glenohumeral, tenosinovitis del bíceps y subescapular íntegro. La escala de constant preoperatorio fue de 40 puntos. Se realizó una reparación parcial artroscópica del tendón supraespinoso e infraespinoso asociado a una tenodesis suprapectoral del bíceps y la colocación del balón subacromial. La paciente realizó rehabilitación con mejoría de los arcos de movilidad, disminución del dolor e incremento de la fuerza del hombro derecho. La escala de constant postoperatorio fue de 80 puntos a la semana doce. El balón subacromial es una buena alternativa de tratamiento para las lesiones irreparables del manguito rotador con resultados óptimos a corto plazo en cuanto a dolor y función.

The rotator cuff injury is a significant cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Treating massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears remains a major challenge for orthopedists due to their complexity and severity. One promising alternative for managing these cases is the use of subacromial balloons. In this study, we present the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with a massive and irreparable rotator cuff tear in her right shoulder (Grade III Patte, Grade IV Goutallier, and Grade II Hamada), without glenohumeral arthritis, intact biceps tenosynovitis, and subscapularis. The preoperative Constant score was 40 points. The patient underwent partial arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, along with a suprapectoral biceps tenodesis and subacromial balloon placement. Postoperative rehabilitation led to improved range of motion, reduced pain, and increased strength in the right shoulder. The postoperative Constant score reached 80 points at the twelve-week mark. The subacromial balloon proves to be a promising treatment alternative for irreparable rotator cuff injuries, providing optimal short-term results in terms of pain relief and functionality.

Radiation Exposure during Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: Interlaminar versus Transforaminal

Objective Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) relies heavily on fluoroscopy guidance; therefore, medical staff exposure to radiation has become an important issue. The purpose of this study was to determine the radiation dose and the amount of time to which the surgeons are exposed during PELD and to compare both parameters in the transforaminal (TF) and interlaminar (IL) approaches. Although they are considerably different, they may be wrongly considered together. Methods A retrospective evaluation of the last 20 PELD performed by the authors is presented. Patients were distributed in 2 groups. Six (1F, 5M) patients were submitted to IL-PELD and 14 (6F, 8M) to TF-PELD. Fluoroscopy reports were obtained from patients' records, all performed with the same C-Arm device and software mode. Groups were compared using unpaired t-test. Results The IL group showed an average radiation exposure of 8.37 4.21 mGy and duration of 11.1 5.45 seconds, while the TF group showed an average radiation exposure of 28.92 7.56 mGy and duration of 42 16.64 seconds. The p-value for radiation was 0.0000036, and for time it was 0.00027. Conclusions Interlaminar PELD requires a lower radiation dose and a shorter amount of exposure than TF-PELD. Studies that concern radiation required for minimallyinvasive spine surgeries should consider the PELD approaches separately.

Cirugía de mínima invasión en veterinaria: evolución, impacto y perspectivas para el futuro. Revisión / Minimally invasive veterinary surgery: evolution, impact and future perspective. Review

RESUMEN La cirugía mínima invasiva ha revolucionado la manera de tratar ciertas patologías en medicina. No obstante, factores como la falta de entrenamiento y los altos costos de equipamiento han limitado su implementación en medicina veterinaria. Un primer paso hacia el uso masivo de estos procedimientos es establecer el potencial que actualmente tienen. Asimismo, es importante conocer el concepto, la filosofía y las múltiples ventajas de estas técnicas, lo que permitirá a los médicos veterinarios ver la cirugía mínima invasiva desde otra perspectiva. De otra parte, se deben hacer a un lado algunos paradigmas teóricos que indican que la cirugía mínima invasiva es solo la laparoscopia y analizar las muchas posibilidades de desarrollo de técnicas en distintas patologías. El futuro de la cirugía veterinaria implica cerrar la brecha tecnológica y aprovechar el camino ya recorrido por la cirugía humana, con el propósito de ofrecer estos beneficios a pacientes veterinarios. Por último, esta revisión concluye con un análisis de algunas de las técnicas de vanguardia en medicina humana que bien pueden ser desarrolladas y empleadas en medicina veterinaria.

ABSTRACT Minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized how to treat certain diseases in Medicine. Factors such as lack of training and high costs of equipment have limited its implementation in veterinary practice. A first step towards the widespread use of these procedures is to establish its potential. It is also important to learn the concept, philosophy and advantages of these techniques, in order to allow veterinarians to see minimally invasive surgery from another perspective. On the other hand, some theoretical paradigms that indicate that minimally invasive surgery is only laparoscopy should be set aside, and then to analyze the many possibilities of developing techniques in different pathologies. The future of veterinary surgery involves closing the technologic gap, and learning from the current advances in human surgery, in order to offer these benefits to veterinary patients. Finally, this review concludes with an analysis of some of the cutting-edge techniques in human medicine that can be adopted for use in veterinary medicine.

Avaliação da deformidade estética após a tenotomia da cabeça longa do bíceps na artroscopia do ombro / Assessment of esthetic deformity after tenotomy of the long head of the biceps in shoulder arthroscopy

OBJETIVO: Analisar a freqüência da queixa estética resultante do procedimento da tenotomia da cabeça longa do bíceps (CLB), com o propósito de criar um critério de análise pré-operatória capaz de identificar os pacientes com tendência a apresentarem queixa estética decorrente de tal procedimento, com a intenção de reduzir sua incidência. MÉTODOS: Foi analisado um grupo de 89 pacientes (90 ombros) submetidos à tenotomia artroscópica da CLB. Os pacientes incluídos no estudo tiveram seu índice de massa corporal (IMC) aferido e foram classificados entre os diferentes graus de obesidade. Foram aferidas a dobra cutânea abdominal e a tricipital contralateral com um adipômetro graduado em milímetros, bem como determinado o biótipo de cada indivíduo através do ângulo mensurado no apêndice xifóide. A tenotomia do CLB, quando indicada, foi realizada junto a sua inserção no labrum superior da glenóide. Os pacientes foram questionados quanto à percepção da deformidade residual gerada pela tenotomia do CLB. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, lado operado, dominância, biótipo, grau de obesidade, dobra cutânea abdominal e dobra cutânea tricipital contralateral. Foram avaliados 77 pacientes com média de 15,14 (± 10,7) meses de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Não houve queixa da deformidade em 50 (64,9 por cento), enquanto 27 pacientes (35,1 por cento) manifestaram alguma queixa estética. A análise estatística não foi significativa quando avaliou de forma cruzada a idade (p = 0,788), o lado (p = 0,075) e o biótipo (p = 0,529) dos pacientes que apresentaram queixa estética de sua deformidade residual. Houve correlação significativa para a queixa da deformidade quando foram avaliados o sexo (p = 0,004), a dominância (p = 0,026) e ao agrupar os pacientes com IMC abaixo de 30 (normal e sobrepeso) e compará-los com os pacientes com IMC acima de 30 (obesidade graus 1, 2 e mórbida) (p = 0,005). Demonstrou-se correlação significativa para a queixa da deformidade...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of esthetic complaints after tenotomy of the long head of the biceps in order to create a criterion for some pre-operative analysis that could identify patients that tend to complain about esthetics after the procedure, and thus reduce the incidence. METHODS: A group of 89 patients (90 shoulders) submitted to arthroscopic tenotomy of the long head of the biceps was analyzed. Patients included in the study had their bodily mass index (BMI) measured and were classified into different degrees of obesity. The abdominal skin fold and the contralateral tricipital skin fold were measured with a millimeter-graded adipometer, and the biotype of each individual was determined by the angle measured in the xiphoid appendix. Tenotomy of the long head of the biceps, when indicated, was performed at its insertion in the upper labrum of the glenoid. Patients were asked about their perception of residual deformity created by the tenotomy of the long head of the biceps. Variables studied were age, gender, operated side, dominance, biotype, degree of obesity, abdominal skin fold, and contralateral tricipital skin fold. 77 patients were evaluated for a mean 15.14 (± 10.7) months period after the surgery. RESULTS: 50 patients (64.9 percent) did not complain about deformity, whereas 27 patients (35.1 percent) had some esthetic complaint. Statistical analysis was not significant in the cross analysis for age (P = 0.788), the side (P = 0.075), and the biotype (P = 0.529) of the patients who did present an esthetic complaint about their residual deformity. Significant correlation of deformity complaint was present in the evaluation of gender (p = 0.004), dominance (P = 0.026), and when a group was formed of patients with BMI below 30 (normal and overweight) and this group was compared to patients with BMI above 30 (obesity grade one, two, and morbid) (P = 0.005). A significant correlation was shown for the deformity complaint...

Tratamento artroscópico da instabilidade anterior traumática do ombro: resultados a longo prazo e fatores de risco / Arthroscopic treatment of traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder: long term results and risk factors

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados de longo prazo e fatores de risco no tratamento cirúrgico por via artroscópica da instabilidade anterior traumática do ombro. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 302 pacientes (314 ombros). Seguimento de 24 a 140 meses, média de 76,5 meses. Avaliação através de exame físico e radiográfico. Classificação de resultados segundo os critérios da UCLA e Carter-Rowe. Análise estatística através de programa Epi Info e testes t de Student e exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Observado índice de recidivas em 8,9 por cento dos ombros. Segundo a UCLA, excelentes/bons resultados observados em 97,6 por cento e, regulares/ruins em 2,4 por cento dos ombros. Segundo Rowe, excelentes/bons resultados em 89,2 por cento e regulares/ruins em 10,8 por cento dos ombros. Observada significância (p = 0,013) entre uso de materiais adequados, curva de aprendizado e índice de recidivas. História de convulsões (p = 0,0039) e prática de esportes de contato (p = 0,004) tiveram forte correlação com recidivas. Não se evidenciou correlação entre lesão de Bankart (p = 0,546), lesão de Hill-Sachs (p = 0,62) e recidivas, considerando-se lesões ósseas menores que 25 por cento da glenóide e cabeça umeral, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: 1) Há correlação estatisticamente identificada entre o índice de recidiva da instabilidade anterior traumática do ombro e: a) convulsões no pós-operatório; b) prática de esportes de contato; c) presença das lesões de Bankart com Hill-Sachs caracterizadas por 25 por cento ou mais de lesão óssea da glenóide ou da cabeça umeral, respectivamente. 2) Parece haver correlação entre o não reparo da lesão SLAP e o índice de recidiva da instabilidade anterior traumática do ombro.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long term results and risk factors in the surgical arthroscopic treatment of the traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder. METHODS: Retrospective study of 302 patients (314 shoulders) 24 to 140 month follow-up, with a mean of 76.5 months. Evaluation performed in clinical and radiological exams. Results classified according to the UCLA and Carter-Rowe. Statistical analysis with the Epi Info program, T-student calculations, and Fisher Exact Test. RESULTS: A rate of 8.9 percent of recurrence was seen in the shoulders. According to UCLA classification, excellent/good results were seen in 97.6 percent, and regular/poor results, in 2.4 percent of the shoulders. According to Rowe classification, excellent/good results were seen in 89.2 percent, and regular/poor results, in 10.8 percent of the shoulders. There was significance (p = 0.013) among the use of adequate materials, learning curve, and recurrence rate. A history of seizures (p = 0.0039) and the practice of contact sports (p = 0.004) had a marked correlation with recurrence. No correlation was seen between the Bankart lesion (p = 0.546), the Hill-Sachs lesion (p = 0,62) and recurrences, considering bone lesions smaller than 25 percent of the glenoid and humeral head, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 1. There is a statistically identified correlation between the rate of recurrence of traumatic anterior stability of the shoulder and: a) seizures in the post-operative period; b) practice of contact sports; c) presence of Bankart lesions with Hill-Sachs characterized by 25 percent or more of bone lesion of the glenoid or of the humeral head, respectively. 2. There seems to be a correlation between the non-repair of the SLAP lesion and the recurrence rate of traumatic anterior stability of the shoulder.