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OBJECTIVES@#To study the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) combined with prone positioning in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis and its effect on pulmonary function.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted on 94 children with MPP and atelectasis who were hospitalized in Ordos Central Hospital of Inner Mongolia from November 2020 to May 2023. The children were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 47 children in each group. The children in the treatment group were given conventional treatment, BAL, and prone positioning, and those in the control group were given conventional treatment and BAL. The two groups were compared in terms of fever, pulmonary signs, length of hospital stay, lung recruitment, and improvement in pulmonary function.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly shorter time to improvement in pulmonary signs and length of hospital stay and a significantly higher rate of lung recruitment on day 7 of hospitalization, on the day of discharge, and at 1 week after discharge (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly higher levels of forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of the predicted value, forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second as a percentage of the predicted value, ratio of FEV in 1 second to FVC, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value, and maximal mid-expiratory flow as a percentage of the predicted value on the day of discharge and at 1 week after discharge (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the time for body temperature to return to normal between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the treatment of children with MPP and atelectasis, BAL combined with prone positioning can help to shorten the time to improvement in pulmonary signs and the length of hospital stay and promote lung recruitment and improvement in pulmonary function.
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Enfant , Humains , Études prospectives , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Décubitus ventral , Atélectasie pulmonaire/thérapie , Pneumopathie à mycoplasmes/thérapie , Lavage bronchoalvéolaire , DimercaprolRésumé
Es poco común encontrar en la literatura casos de traqueobronquitis invasiva por aspergillus que se manifiesten como tumores endobronquiales que produzcan atelectasia pulmonar total. Aunque relatada en inmunocomprometidos, la morbimortalidad es considerable aun en pacientes sin enfermedad de base.
It is rare to find in the literature cases of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis that manifest as endobronchial tumors that produce total pulmonary atelectasis. Although reported in immunocompromised patients, morbidity and mortality are considerable even in patients without underlying disease.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of atelectasis during mechanical ventilation on the periatelectatic and normal lung regions in a model of atelectasis in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomized into the following four groups, each with 6 animals: the Saline-Control Group, Lipopolysaccharide Control Group, Saline-Atelectasis Group, and Lipopolysaccharide Atelectasis Group. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. After 24 hours, atelectasis was induced by bronchial blocking. The animals underwent mechanical ventilation for two hours with protective parameters, and respiratory mechanics were monitored during this period. Thereafter, histologic analyses of two regions of interest, periatelectatic areas and the normally-aerated lung contralateral to the atelectatic areas, were performed. Results: The lung injury score was significantly higher in the Lipopolysaccharide Control Group (0.41 ± 0.13) than in the Saline Control Group (0.15 ± 0.51), p < 0.05. Periatelectatic regions showed higher lung injury scores than normally-aerated regions in both the Saline-Atelectasis (0.44 ± 0.06 x 0.27 ± 0.74 p < 0.05) and Lipopolysaccharide Atelectasis (0.56 ± 0.09 x 0.35 ± 0.04 p < 0.05) Groups. The lung injury score in the periatelectatic regions was higher in the Lipopolysaccharide Atelectasis Group (0.56 ± 0.09) than in the periatelectatic region of the Saline-Atelectasis Group (0.44 ± 0.06), p < 0.05. Conclusion: Atelectasis may cause injury to the surrounding tissue after a period of mechanical ventilation with protective parameters. Its effect was more significant in previously injured lungs.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da atelectasia durante a ventilação mecânica nas regiões periatelectáticas e pulmonares normais em um modelo de atelectasia em ratos com lesão pulmonar aguda induzida por lipopolissacarídeo. Métodos: Foram distribuídos aleatoriamente 24 ratos em quatro grupos, cada um com 6 animais: Grupo Salina-Controle, Grupo Lipopolissacarídeo-Controle, Grupo Salina-Atelectasia e Grupo Lipopolissacarídeo-Atelectasia. A lesão pulmonar aguda foi induzida por injeção intraperitoneal de lipopolissacarídeo. Após 24 horas, a atelectasia foi induzida por bloqueio brônquico. Os animais foram submetidos à ventilação mecânica por 2 horas com parâmetros ventilatórios protetores, e a mecânica respiratória foi monitorada durante esse período. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises histológicas de duas regiões de interesse: as áreas periatelectásicas e o pulmão normalmente aerado contralateral às áreas atelectásicas. Resultados: O escore de lesão pulmonar foi significativamente maior no Grupo Controle-Lipopolissacarídeo (0,41 ± 0,13) do que no Grupo Controle-Solução Salina (0,15 ± 0,51), com p < 0,05. As regiões periatelectásicas apresentaram escores maiores de lesão pulmonar do que as regiões normalmente aeradas nos Grupos Atelectasia-Solução Salina (0,44 ± 0,06 versus 0,27 ± 0,74, p < 0,05) e Atelectasia-Lipopolissacarídeo (0,56 ± 0,09 versus 0,35 ± 0,04, p < 0,05). O escore de lesão pulmonar nas regiões periatelectásicas foi maior no Grupo Atelectasia-Lipopolissacarídeo (0,56 ± 0,09) do que na região periatelectásica do Grupo Atelectasia-Solução Salina (0,44 ± 0,06), p < 0,05. Conclusão: A atelectasia pode causar lesão no tecido circundante após um período de ventilação mecânica com parâmetros ventilatórios protetores. Seu efeito foi mais significativo em pulmões previamente lesionados.
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Es poco común encontrar en la literatura casos de traqueobronquitis invasiva por aspergillus que se manifiesten como tumores endobronquiales que produzcan atelectasia pulmonar total. Aunque relatada en inmunocomprometidos, la morbimortalidad es considerable aun en pacientes sin enfermedad de base.
It is rare to find in the literature cases of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis that manifest as endobronchial tumors that produce total pulmonary atelectasis. Although reported in immunocompromised patients, morbidity and mortality are considerable even in patients without underlying disease.
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Objective:To evaluate the value of dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLSDCT) in precise radiotherapy for central lung cancer (CLC) complicated with atelectasis.Methods:Clinical and imaging data (including DLSDCT, PET-CT, and radiotherapy simulation CT images) of 26 patients with pathologically confirmed CLC accompanied by atelectasis from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. There were 21 males and 5 females, aged 36-82 years. Two physicians assessed CLC identifiability on DLSDCT, PET-CT, and simulation localization CT images, respectively, and outlined the gross tumor volume (GTV) and measured GTV values (GTV DLSDCT, GTV PET-CT, GTV CT). Paired-sample Friedman test was used to compare the differences in GTV of the three images, and the SNK test with Bonferroni correction was used for a two-way comparison. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare the agreement of measured GTV between 2 physicians. Results:The differentiation rates on PET-CT, DLSDCT, and simulation CT images were 100% (26/26), 80.77% (21/26), and 11.54% (3/26), respectively. The differentiation rate of CLC on DLSDCT images was significantly higher than that on simulation CT images (χ 2=16.06, P<0.001). GTV CT, GTV PET-CT, and GTV DLSDCT measured on simulation localization CT images, PET-CT images, and DLSDCT images were 58.75 (22.57, 86.17) cm 3, 47.34 (18.13, 69.25) cm 3, and 51.40 (18.87, 71.31) cm 3, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ 2=44.99, P<0.001). Both GTV DLSDCT and GTV PET-CT were significantly smaller than GTV CT (χ 2=4.23, 6.59, Bonferroni corrected P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between GTV DLSDCT and GTV PET-CT (χ 2=2.36, Bonferroni corrected P=0.055). The agreement between the two physicians was good for GTV values measured on both DLSDCT and PET-CT (ICC=0.86, 0.89). Conclusions:On DLSDCT images, most CLC and atelectasis can be identified. Compared to simulation localization CT, the tumor target areas outlined on DLSDCT are closer to PET-CT, and the tumor volumes outlined by different physicians are more consistent.
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Objective:To systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound (LUS) in diagnosing postoperative atelectasis, pleural effusion and pneumothorax in adult patients.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for studies comparing the accuracy of LUS Chest radiograph (CXR) or computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of postoperative atelectasis, pleural effusion and pneumothorax, and the parameters were the sensitivity and specificity of LUS in diagnosing postoperative atelectasis, pleural effusion and pneumothorax, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Analysis was performed using MetaDiSc 1.4, Review Manager 5.4, and STATA 16.0 softewares. CXR and CT were used as standard imaging examination methods, and the combined sensitivity, specificity and AUC of LUS were calculated. Meta regression analysis was conducted on the types of surgeries, standard imaging examination methods (CXR, CT), CXR (CT)/LUS examination intervals (>3 h, ≤3 h), and time points of postoperative LUS examination.Results:Fifteen studies involving 1 585 patients were finally enrolled in the present study. The combined sensitivity of LUS in diagnosing postoperative atelectasis, pleural effusion and pneumothorax was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.88-0.93), 0.75 (95% CI 0.71-0.78) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.48-0.58), respectively, and the combined specificity was 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), 0.82 (95% CI 0.81-0.84) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.93-0.95), respectively, and AUC was 0.936 8 ( SE=0.044 2), 0.839 7 ( SE=0.076 7) and 0.914 7 ( SE=0.030 9), respectively. Meta-regression analysis showed that the type of surgery was a source of heterogeneity affecting the diagnosis of pneumothorax by LUS ( P=0.001), and the standard imaging examination method was the source of heterogeneity affecting the diagnosis of pleural effusion by LUS ( P=0.023). Conclusions:Although LUS has a weak ability in detecting non-clinically related pneumothorax (≤3 cm) and a low overall sensitivity in diagnosing postoperative pneumothorax, the specificity is high in adult patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) ventilation strategy during induction of general anesthesia on atelectasis after induction in obese patients.Methods:A total of 86 patients, aged 30-60 yr, with body mass index of 28-35 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱor Ⅲ, scheduled for elective cerebrovascular intervention under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=43 each) using a random number table method: CPAP group (group C) and routine group (group R). Group C received CPAP 5 cmH 2O-assisted ventilation after preoxygenation for spontaneous breathing and disappearance of spontaneous breathing. Chest CT scan and arterial blood gas analysis were performed after entering the operating room (T 1) and 5 min after endotracheal intubation (T 2) to calculate the percentage of atelectasis area and to record PaO 2. Dynamic lung compliance and plateau pressure were recorded at T 2. Mean minute ventilation under controlled breathing, P ETCO 2, and use of vasoactive drugs during induction were recorded. The occurrence of reflux and aspiration during mask ventilation was recorded. The development of pulmonary complications within 3 days after operation was recorded. Results:Compared with group R, the percentage of atelectasis area at T 2 was significantly decreased, PaO 2, dynamic lung compliance and plateau pressure were increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in mean minute ventilation, P ETCO 2, requirement for vasoactive drugs and incidence of pulmonary complications in group C ( P>0.05). No reflux or aspiration was observed during mask ventilation. Conclusions:CPAP (5 cmH 2O) strategy during anesthesia induction can reduce the degree of atelectasis after induction in obese patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation during induction of anesthesia on perioperative atelectasis and oxygenation in elderly patients.Methods:Forty-six elderly patients of either sex, aged 65-80 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective cerebrovascular intervention surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=23 each) according to the random number table method: control group (group C) and CPAP ventilation group (group CPAP). During induction of anesthesia, CPAP was set at 5 cmH 2O during spontaneous breathing, and PEEP was set at 5 cmH 2O when spontaneous breathing disappeared, and the ventilation mode was changed to pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) mode in group CPAP. CPAP was not set, and PEEP was set at 0 cmH 2O for PCV when spontaneous breathing disappeared in group C. During anesthesia maintenance, PCV-volume guaranteed mode was used in both groups, and PEEP was set at 5 cmH 2O. Whole lung CT scanning was performed immediately after radial artery catheterization (T 0), at 1 min after endotracheal intubation (T 1), and before tracheal extubation (T 2) at the end of operation to calculate the percentage of atelectasis area at 1 cm above the right diaphragm. At T 0, T 1, T 2 and 30 min after entering postanesthesia care unit (T 3), blood samples from the radial artery were taken to record PaO 2 and PaCO 2 and calculate the oxygenation index (OI). Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, the percentage of atelectasis area was significantly increased at T 1 and T 2 in two groups ( P<0.05); PaO 2 was significantly increased at T 1 and T 2 and decreased to T 0 level at T 3, OI was decreased at T 1 and T 2 and increased to T 0 level at T 3 in two groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the percentage of atelectasis area was significantly decreased and PaO 2 and OI were increased at T 1 and T 2 in group CPAP ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO 2 at each time point between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:CPAP ventilation during induction of anesthesia can reduce the development of perioperative atelectasis and improve the oxygenation in elderly patients.
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Objective@#To analyze the factors affecting the complication of pulmonary atelectasis among children with tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB), so as to provide the reference for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary atelectasis complicated by TBTB.@*Methods@#Children with TBTB admitted to Department of Paediatrics, Linping Division of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were selected as the study subjects from October 2018 to March 2023. Subjects's basic information, etiological examination results and laboratory testing results were collected using a self-designed questionnaire, and factors affecting the complication of pulmonary atelectasis among children with TBTB were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 120 children with TBTB were included, with the age of 6 months to 12 years. There were 33 children at ages of less than one year (27.50%), 71 girls (59.17%) and 25 children with TBTB and pulmonary atelectasis (20.83%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified less than one year of age (OR=1.720, 95%CI: 1.126-3.358), type Ⅵ of TBTB (OR=1.669, 95%CI: 1.101-2.236), high level of C-reactive protein (OR=1.887, 95%CI: 1.088-2.686) and high level of procalcitonin (OR=1.844, 95%CI: 1.034-2.654) as risk factors for the complication of pulmonary atelectasis in children with TBTB.@*Conclusion@#Less than one year of age, type Ⅵ of TBTB, high level of C-reactive protein and high level of procalcitonin may increase the risk of pulmonary atelectasis in children with TBTB.
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Objective:To explore the effect of spontaneous breathing during induction of general anesthesia on atelectasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors.Methods:A total of 60 patients aged 18-60 years scheduled for laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors under general anesthesia in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from October 2021 to August 2022 were selected. The body mass index was 18.5-28.0 kg/m 2 and the American Society of Anesthesiology grade wasⅠ-Ⅱ. All patients were divided into the spontaneous breathing group (group S, 30 cases) and the controlled breathing group (group C, 30 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in group S received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg etomidate (pumping at the speed of 200 ml/h) and 2 μg/kg remifentanil (slowly injected more than 30 s) for anesthesia induction; patients in group C received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg etomidate and 2 μg/kg remifentanil (slowly injected more than 30 s) and 0.2 mg/kg cisatracurium. After bispectral index (BIS) decreased to 80, the patients had no response to the language stimulation; and then the mask was used to closely fit the face and maintain spontaneous breathing in group S; patients in group C received manual positive pressure ventilation. Atelectasis scores were collected immediately after endotracheal intubation (T 1) and 15 min after transferring to the recovery room (T 3), and oxygenation index (OI) was collected 5 min after endotracheal intubation (T 2) and at T 3. The postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) on the 3rd day after the operation was recorded. Results:A total of 56 patients were finally enrolled, 27 cases in group S and 29 cases in groups C. Compared with group C, the atelectasis score of group S at T 1 and T 3 decreased [T 1: (2.4±0.8) scores vs. (4.2±0.7) scores, t = -9.12, P < 0.001; T 3: (8.2±1.8) scores vs. (10.5±1.6) scores, t = -4.96, P < 0.001]. The OI increased at T 2 and T 3 in group S [T 2: (334±11) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (323±13) mmHg, t = 3.45, P = 0.001; T 3: (362±23) mmHg vs. (347±25) mmHg, t = 2.31, P = 0.025]. The incidence of PPC was 20.7% (6/29) and 18.5% (5/27), respectively in group C and group S on the 3rd day after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 0.04, P = 0.838). Conclusions:Maintaining spontaneous breathing during induction of general anesthesia can reduce atelectasis caused by general anesthesia and improve oxygenation for patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Central lung cancer is a common disease in clinic which usually occurs above the segmental bronchus. It is commonly accompanied by bronchial stenosis or obstruction, which can easily lead to atelectasis. Accurately distinguishing lung cancer from atelectasis is important for tumor staging, delineating the radiotherapy target area, and evaluating treatment efficacy. This article reviews domestic and foreign literatures on how to define the boundary between central lung cancer and atelectasis based on multimodal images, aiming to summarize the experiences and propose the prospects.
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Humains , Tumeurs du poumon/imagerie diagnostique , Atélectasie pulmonaire/complications , Bronches , Sténose pathologique/complications , Imagerie multimodaleRésumé
Abstract Background Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomies (RAH) require Trendelenburg positioning and pneumoperitoneum, which further accentuate alteration in respiratory mechanics induced by general anesthesia. The role of Recruitment Maneuver (RM) as a lung-protective strategy during intraoperative surgical settings has not been much studied. We planned this study to evaluate the effect of RM on perioperative oxygenation and postoperative spirometry using PaO2/FiO2 and FEV1/FVC, respectively in patients undergoing RAH. Methods Sixty-six ASA I‒II female patients scheduled for elective RAH were randomized into group R (recruitment maneuver, n = 33) or group C (control, n = 33). Portable spirometry was done one day before surgery. Patients were induced with general anesthesia, and mechanical ventilation started with volume control mode, with Tidal Volume (TV) of 6-8 mL.kg−1, Respiratory Rate (RR) of 12 min, inspiratory-expiratory ratio (I: E ratio) of 1:2, FiO2 of 0.4, and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O. Patients in group R received recruitment maneuvers of 30 cmH2O every 30 minutes following tracheal intubation. The primary objectives were comparison of oxygenation and ventilation between two groups intraoperatively and portable spirometry postoperatively. Postoperative pulmonary complications, like desaturation, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, were monitored. Results Patients who received RM had significantly higher PaO2 (mmHg) (203.2+-24.3 vs. 167.8+-27.3, p < 0.001) at T2 (30 min after the pneumoperitoneum). However, there was no significant difference in portable spirometry between the groups in the postoperative period (FVC, 1.40 ± 0.5 L vs. 1.32 ± 0.46 L, p= 0.55). Conclusion This study concluded that intraoperative recruitment did not prevent deterioration of postoperative spirometry values; however, it led to improved oxygenation intraoperatively.
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Humains , Femelle , Pneumopéritoine/complications , Interventions chirurgicales robotisées , Complications postopératoires/étiologie , Complications postopératoires/prévention et contrôle , Période postopératoire , Méthode en simple aveugle , Volume courant , Hystérectomie/effets indésirables , PoumonRésumé
La ventilación percusiva intrapulmonar (VPI) es una técnica de higiene bronquial mecánica (THBM) de alta frecuencia, que favorece la movilización de secreciones y es considerada como alternativa para la resolución de atelectasias. Estudio de serie de casos, prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo que se llevó a cabo entre el 1 de agosto del 2019 y el 31 de diciembre del 2019. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes menores de 18 años, con soporte ventilatorio que recibieron al menos una sesión de VPI dentro de terapia intensiva. El objetivo primario de nuestro estudio es describir las características de la población en la que se utilizó un equipo domiciliario de VPI como THBM en la UCIP. De manera secundaria describiremos la metodología de implementación del dispositivo y sus resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes y se realizaron 48 sesiones de VPI. El principal motivo para la realización de VPI fue el diagnóstico de atelectasia (83,3%). El tratamiento se realizó tanto en pacientes con VMI (ventilación mecánica invasiva) (55,6%) como en pacientes con soporte no invasivo (44,4%), ya sea VMNI (ventilación mecánica no invasiva) o CNAF (cánula nasal de alto flujo). En el 53,3% de los pacientes, se evidenció resolución radiográfica de la atelectasia, entre los cuales, el 75% solo requirió entre una y dos sesiones para resolverlas. No se observaron complicaciones graves. Conclusión: Este estudio permite describir la población en la cual se implementa VPI a la vez que presenta una herramienta que podría ser de utilidad para la resolución de atelectasias.
Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is a high-frequency mechanical bronchial hygiene technique (MBHT) that favors secretion clearance and is considered an alterna tive to the resolution of atelectasis. This is a prospective, observational and descriptive case series study conducted be tween August 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2019. The study included patients younger than 18 years on ventilatory support who received at least one session of IPV in the intensive care unit. The primary objective of our study was to describe the characteristics of the population in whom we used a home IPV device as MBHT in the PICU. On a secondary level, we will describe the methodology for using this device and its results. Results: 18 patients were included; 48 IPV sessions were done. The main reason for doing IPV was the atelectasis diagnosis (83.3%). The treatment was carried out both in patients on IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation) (55.6%) and in patients with non-invasive support (44.4%), whether it was NIMV (non-invasive mechanical ventilation) or HFNC (high-flow nasal cannula). 53.3% of the patients showed radiographic resolution of atelectasis, where 75% only required between one and two sessions to resolve it. No severe complications were observed. Conclusion: This study allows us to describe the population receiving IPV and presents a tool that could be useful for the resolution of atelectasis.
Sujets)
Pédiatrie , Techniques de physiothérapieRésumé
ABSTRACT Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is a high-frequency mechanical bronchial hygiene technique (MBHT) that favors secretion clearance and is considered an alternative to the resolution of atelectasis. This is a prospective, observational and descriptive case series study conducted between August 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2019. The study included patients younger than 18 years on ventilatory support who received at least one session of IPV in the intensive care unit. The primary objective of our study was to describe the characteristics of the population in whom we used a home IPV device as MBHT in the PICU. On a secondary level, we will describe the methodology for using this device and its results. Results: 18 patients were included; 48 IPV sessions were done. The main reason for doing IPV was the atelectasis diagnosis (83.3%). The treatment was carried out both in patients on IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation) (55.6%) and in patients with non-invasive support (44.4%), whether it was NIMV (non-invasive mechanical ventilation) or HFNC (high-flow nasal cannula). 53.3% of the patients showed radiographic resolution of atelectasis, where 75% only required between one and two sessions to resolve it. No severe complications were observed. Conclusion: This study allows us to describe the population receiving IPV and presents a tool that could be useful for the resolution of atelectasis.
RESUMEN La ventilación percusiva intrapulmonar (VPI) es una técnica de higiene bronquial mecánica (THBM) de alta frecuencia, que favorece la movilización de secreciones y es considerada como alternativa para la resolución de atelectasias. Estudio de serie de casos, prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo que se llevó a cabo entre el 1 de agosto del 2019 y el 31 de diciembre del 2019. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes menores de 18 años, con soporte ventilatorio que recibieron al menos una sesión de VPI dentro de terapia intensiva. El objetivo primario de nuestro estudio es describir las características de la población en la que se utilizó un equipo domiciliario de VPI como THBM en la UCIP. De manera secundaria describiremos la metodología de implementación del dispositivo y sus resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes y se realizaron 48 sesiones de VPI. El principal motivo para la realización de VPI fue el diagnóstico de atelectasia (83,3%). El tratamiento se realizó tanto en pacientes con VMI (ventilación mecánica invasiva) (55,6%) como en pacientes con soporte no invasivo (44,4%), ya sea VMNI (ventilación mecánica no invasiva) o CNAF (cánula nasal de alto flujo). En el 53,3% de los pacientes, se evidenció resolución radiográfica de la atelectasia, entre los cuales, el 75% solo requirió entre una y dos sesiones para resolverlas. No se observaron complicaciones graves. Conclusión: Este estudio permite describir la población en la cual se implementa VPI a la vez que presenta una herramienta que podría ser de utilidad para la resolución de atelectasias.
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Abstract Introduction: General anesthesia causes pulmonary atelectasis within few minutes of induction. This can have significant impact on postoperative outcome of cancer patients undergoing prolonged reconstructive surgeries. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of sonographically detected perioperative atelectasis on the need for postoperative oxygen supplementation, bronchodilator therapy and assisted chest physiotherapy in patients undergoing free flap surgeries for head and neck carcinoma. Methods: Twenty eight head and neck cancer patients underwent bilateral pulmonary ultrasonographic assessments before and after lung surgery. Lung ultrasound scores, serum lactate, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were measured both at the beginning and at end of the surgery. Patients were scanned in the supine position and the number of single and confluent B lines was noted. These values were correlated with the need for oxygen therapy, requirement of bronchodilators and total weaning time to predict the postoperative outcome. Other factors affecting weaning were also studied. Results: Among twenty eight patients, seven had mean lung ultrasound score of ≥10.5 which correlated with prolonged weaning time (144.56±33.5min vs. 66.7±15.7min; p = 0.005). The change in lung ultrasound score significantly correlated with change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = −0.56, p = 0.03). Elevated total leukocyte count >8200 ΜL and serum lactate >2.1 mmoL/L also predicted prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: This preliminary study detected significant levels of perioperative atelectasis using point of care lung ultrasonography in head and neck cancer patients undergoing long duration surgical reconstructions. Higher lung ultrasound scores highlighted the need for frequent bronchodilator nebulizations as well as assisted chest physiotherapy and were associated with delayed weaning. We propose more frequent point of care lung ultrasonographic evaluations and use of recruitment maneuvers to reduce the impact of perioperative pulmonary atelectasis.
Resumo Introdução: A anestesia geral causa atelectasia pulmonar poucos minutos após sua indução. Isso pode ter um impacto significativo no resultado pós-operatório de pacientes com câncer submetidos a cirurgias reconstrutivas prolongadas. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto das atelectasias perioperatórias detectadas por ultrassonografia na necessidade de suplementação pós-operatória de oxigênio, terapia broncodilatadora e fisioterapia respiratória assistida em pacientes com carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a cirurgias com uso de retalho livre. Método: Foram submetidos a avaliações ultrassonográficas pulmonares bilaterais antes e após a cirurgia 28 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Os escores de ultrassonografia pulmonar, lactato sérico, razão PaO2/FiO2 foram medidos no início e no fim da cirurgia. Os pacientes foram avaliados na posição supina e o número de linhas B confluentes e únicas foi observado. Esses valores foram correlacionados com a necessidade de oxigenoterapia, necessidade de broncodilatadores e tempo total de desmame para predizer o resultado pós-operatório. Outros fatores que afetam o desmame também foram estudados. Resultados: Entre os 28 pacientes, sete apresentaram escore médio de ultrassonografia pulmonar ≥ 10,5, que se correlacionou com o tempo de desmame prolongado (144,56 ± 33,5 minutos vs. 66,7 ± 15,7 minutos; p = 0,005). A mudança no escore de ultrassonografia pulmonar correlacionou-se significantemente com a mudança na razão PaO2/FiO2 (r = −0,56, p = 0,03). A contagem total elevada de leucócitos > 8200 uLe o nível de lactato sérico >2,1 mmoL/L também previram ventilação mecânica pós-operatória prolongada. Conclusão: Este estudo preliminar detectou um nível significante de atelectasia perioperatória com ultrassonografia pulmonar no local de atendimento em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a reconstruções cirúrgicas de longa duração. Escores mais altos de ultrassonografia pulmonar enfatizaram a necessidade de nebulizações broncodilatadoras frequentes e fisioterapia respiratória assistida e foram associados a desmame tardio. Propomos avaliações ultrassonográficas pulmonares mais frequentes no local de atendimento e o uso de manobras de recrutamento para reduzir o impacto das atelectasias pulmonares perioperatórias.
Sujets)
Humains , Atélectasie pulmonaire/étiologie , Atélectasie pulmonaire/thérapie , Atélectasie pulmonaire/imagerie diagnostique , /effets indésirables , Lambeaux tissulaires libres , Tumeurs de la tête et du cou/chirurgie , Tumeurs de la tête et du cou/complications , Tumeurs de la tête et du cou/imagerie diagnostique , Complications postopératoires , Bronchodilatateurs , Échographie/effets indésirables , Lactates , PoumonRésumé
RESUMEN Introducción: La bronquiolitis es una entidad clínica que se presenta antes de los dos años y constituye una causa frecuente de hospitalización en ese grupo de edad. La hospitalización prolongada se define como un tiempo hospitalario mayor a 5 días. Esta situación demanda uso de recursos y tiene un impacto económico sobre el sistema de salud. En el contexto peruano no se ha abordado los factores asociados con la hospitalización prolongada en pacientes con bronquiolitis. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con hospitalización prolongada en pacientes con bronquiolitis moderada. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo. La unidad de análisis fue la historia clínica de lactantes hospitalizado por bronquiolitis moderada atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña, entre los años 2018 y 2019. Se consideraron 160 lactantes. Para establecer la relación entre los factores asociados a la hospitalización prolongada tanto de la madre como los aspectos clínicos del lactante, se utilizó la prueba JI-cuadrada con un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: La hospitalización prolongada se asoció con un mayor número de días con oxígeno suplementario con p= 0,000; además de presentarse con mayor frecuencia en lactantes que no recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva con p= 0,000; finalmente, también se asoció con atelectasia y neumonía, ambos casos con p= 0,040. Conclusiones: La hospitalización prolongada en los lactantes con bronquiolitis se asocia con el número de días con oxígeno suplementario, con el no disfrute de la lactancia materna exclusiva y con la aparición de complicaciones como bronquiectasias y neumonías.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Bronchiolitis is a clinical entity that occurs before the age of two and is a frequent cause of hospitalization in this age group. Prolonged hospitalization is defined as a hospital time greater than 5 days. This situation demands the use of resources and has an economic impact on the health system. In the Peruvian context, the factors associated with prolonged hospitalization in patients with bronchiolitis have not been addressed. Objective : etermine the factors associated with prolonged hospitalization in patients with moderate bronchiolitis. Method : Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. The unit of analysis was the clinical history of infants hospitalized due to moderate bronchiolitis treated at Niño -Breña National Institute of Health, between 2018 and 2019. 160 infants were included. To establish the relationship between the factors associated with prolonged hospitalization of both the mother and the clinical aspects of the infant, the JI-square test with a significance level of 0.05 was used. Results : rolonged hospitalization was associated with a greater number of days with supplemental oxygen with p= 0.000; in addition to presenting more frequently in infants who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding with p = 0.000 . Finally, it was also associated with atelectasis and pneumonia, both cases with p= 0.040. Conclusions: Prolonged hospitalization in infants with bronchiolitis is associated with the number of days on supplemental oxygen, with the non-enjoyment of exclusive breastfeeding and with the appearance of complications such as bronchiectasis and pneumonia.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia caused by unexplained complex infections by analyzing and summarizing the clinical data of one patient with severe pneumonia.Methods:We included one case of severe pneumonia who was cured in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital in 2018. We used descriptive methods to analyze the case data and reviewed pieces of literature related to clinical data collected during diagnosis and treatment.Results:The 34-year-old male patient had chest tightness and asthma attacks in December 2017. He received treatment in Departments of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Class III Grade A hospitals outside Anhui Province. Chest CT scans showed atelectasis and consolidation of the right lung, and bilateral pleural effusion. Laboratory test results suggested widespread drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus, and Candida infections. Cardiac color Doppler ultrasound images suggested pulmonary hypertension. He had recurrent respiratory failure. After mechanical ventilation, he had septic shock. These findings indicated severe pneumonia. Later, he was escorted by a 120 ambulance hospital transportation car from Guangzhou to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital to alleviate respiratory failure and shock. During hospitalization, the patient underwent nasal feeding because of an aspiration mistake. He was also subject to an active anti-infection, nutritional support, and airway management. The patient's condition improved, but respiratory failure could not be completely alleviated. After experimental anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patient was discharged because his condition improved. The patient was treated for a total of 102 days. Conclusion:A single pathogen or a single pathogenic factor is involved in community-acquired severe pneumonia in young and middle-aged patients. During diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia, laboratory test results have a guiding significance for judging the patient's condition. Diagnosis of severe pneumonia caused by unexplained complex infections does not simply rely on laboratory test results. Under the condition of infection by non-specific pathogens such as tuberculosis, severe pneumonia should be treated after analyzing clinical manifestations, asking the medical history in detail, carefully monitoring the changes in disease condition, paying attention to details, and finding the pathological factors.
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Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment methods for patients with lung cancer, especially for patients with locally advanced lung cancer. Local advanced lung cancer is often accompanied by atelectasis, so it brings great difficulty and uncertainty to the delineation of radiotherapy target, and then affects the curative effect of patients. The latest research shows that functional imaging has a unique imaging principle, which can truly reflect biological information such as tumor proliferation and metabolism, and has an application prospect in distinguishing the target area of lung cancer from atelectasis.
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Introdução: Amiloidose é o termo utilizado para designar doenças que fazem deposição extracelular de proteínas fibrilares patológicas em órgãos e tecidos, podendo ser sistêmica ou restrita a um único órgão. As manifestações clínicas são diversas, como cardiomiopatia, falência renal, esplenomegalia, problemas intestinais, neuropatias, problemas pulmonares, entre outros. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de paciente com amiloidose traqueobrônquica. Metodologia: revisão de bibliografias em comparação ao relato de caso, o qual foi descrito a partir de dados retirados do prontuário e de exames complementares da paciente. Caso clínico: paciente do sexo feminino, 70 anos, procurou assistência médica por dorsalgia, apresentando também chiado, tosse seca, dispneia paroxística noturna e ortopneia. Realizou-se investigação diagnóstica durante a internação, na qual biópsia da mucosa traqueobrônquica e coleta de lavado alveolar foram positivos para o teste Vermelho Congo, o que confirmou o diagnóstico de amiloidose. A paciente, então, foi encaminhada para terapia de ablação a laser. Conclusão: portanto, diante de um paciente com quadro clínico inespecífico e suspeita diagnóstica principal de amiloidose pulmonar, é imprescindível investigar e descartar diagnósticos diferenciais como neoplasia ou discrasia de células plasmáticas. Para isso, é necessário que haja alta precisão na análise dos exames de imagem, de modo a sugerir esse diagnóstico, o qual deve ser confirmado através da fibrobroncoscopia com biópsia de tecido brônquico, que através da coloração Vermelho do Congo, evidenciará presença de substância amorfa e birrefringente, compatível com substância amiloide [au]
Introduction: Amyloidosis is the term used to describe diseases that cause extracellular deposition of pathological fibrillar proteins in organs and tissues, which can be systemic or restricted to a single organ. The clinical manifestations are diverse, such as cardiomyopathy, renal failure, splenomegaly, intestinal problems, neuropathies, lung problems, among others. Objective: to report a clinical case of a patient with pulmonary amioloidosis. Methodology: review of bibliographies in comparison to the case report, which was described based on data taken from the patient's record and complementary exams. Clinical case: a seventy-year-old female patient sought medical assistance because of back pain, also presenting wheezing, dry cough, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea. Diagnostic investigation was carried out during hospitalization, in which biopsy of the tracheobronchial mucosa and collection of alveolar lavage were positive for the Congo Red test,wich confirmed the amyloidosis diagnosis. The patient was then referred for laser ablation therapy.Conclusion: hence, in a patient with a nonspecific clinical presentation and main diagnostic suspicion of pulmonary amyloidosis, it is essential to investigate and rule out differential diagnoses such as malignancy or plasma cell dyscrasia. Therefore, it is necessary to use high precision in the analysis of image exams in order to suggest this diagnosis, which should be confirmed through fibrobronchoscopy with bronchial tissue biopsy, that through the Congo Red dye, will show the presence of amorphous and birefringent substance, compatible with amyloid substance [au]
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Resumen: El modo ventilatorio asistido durante un procedimiento laparoscópico aún es controversial. Objetivo: Comparar la dinámica ventilatoria según el modo de ventilación asistida: por ventilación controlada por volumen (VCV), controlada por presión (VCP) o por presión con garantía de volumen (VCP-GV), en anestesia para colecistectomía laparoscópica. Material y métodos: 21 pacientes adultos manejados con una de las tres modalidades (7 por grupo). Se analizó durante el procedimiento (a la intubación, la insuflación de CO2 intraabdominal y resolución), su frecuencia respiratoria, el volumen espiratorio, CO2 al final de la espiración (EtCO2), presión pico vía aérea, presión media pulmonar, distensibilidad, saturación de oxígeno y volumen minuto respiratorio. Resultados: Posterior a la intubación, no hubo diferencias clínicas importantes en las mediciones entre los modos de ventilación. A la insuflación los pacientes con modo VCP incrementaron su frecuencia respiratoria, pero conservaron su presión pico; contra aquéllos en modo VCV y VCP-GV que incrementaron su presión pico con escasa reducción de su frecuencia respiratoria. Las otras variables no se modificaron durante el procedimiento y no hubo diferencias entre los modos ventilatorios. Conclusión: Los tres modos de ventilación permitieron un buen control ventilatorio con pocas diferencias respecto a parámetros basales, pero sugerimos que el modo VCP previene mejor los aumentos en la presión pico.
Abstract: The assisted ventilatory mode during a laparoscopic procedure is still controversial. Objective: To compare ventilatory dynamics according to the assisted ventilation mode: by volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), pressure-controlled (PCV) or by pressure with volume guarantee (PVC-VG), in general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and methods: 21 adult patients managed with one of the three modalities (seven per group). Their respiratory rate, minute expiratory volume, end tidal CO2 (EtCO2), peak airway pressure, mean pulmonary pressure, compliance, oxygen saturation and minute respiratory volume were analyzed during the procedure (at intubation, abdominal CO2 insufflation and resolution). Results: After intubation there were no clinical differences in measurements between ventilation modes. On insufflation, patients with PCV mode increased their respiratory rate, but kept their peak pressure; against those in VCV and PCV-VG mode who increased their peak pressure with little reduction in their respiratory rate. The other variables were not modified during the procedure and there were no differences between the ventilatory modes. Conclusion: The three modes of ventilation allowed a good ventilatory control, but we suggest the PCV since it prevents an increase in peak pressure.