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1.
MHSalud ; 21(1): 168-185, ene.-jun. 2024. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1564768

Résumé

Abstract Introduction: Elite sports pose potential health risks, but are vital to the well-being of society. In Cuban society, sport is an integral part of personal development and public health, fostering unity and promoting female participation for sustainable growth. Athletics is one of the most important sports in Cuban sport, and should be approached both from the point of view of sports training and sports psychology. Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide a description of conditional variables in a countermovement jump (CMJ), mood profile, self-efficacy, and the leg-hip height index among athletes from the Cuban national athletics pre-selection team, differentiated by gender. Methods: Our sample consisted of the Cuban national athletics pre-selection team. Results: Mood profile analysis using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) did not reveal significant gender differences, with a small effect size for gender. Men showed a slightly greater trend towards vigor compared to women. Significant differences in self-efficacy were observed between men and women in their confidence levels to achieve jump heights between 21 and 40 cm using the CMJ. However, no significant differences were found for jumps exceeding 40 cm, highlighting the importance of strategies to enhance athletes' psychological needs and self-efficacy. Conclusions: This study suggests that the association between tension-related anxiety and performance indicators related to jump height may play a crucial role in determining specific profiles in male and female Cuban athletes. Our comprehensive analysis contributes to understanding gender differences in performance factors. These findings provide valuable insights for future research and athlete development strategies.


Resumen Introducción: Los deportes de élite plantean riesgos potenciales para la salud, pero son vitales para el bienestar de la sociedad. En la sociedad cubana, el deporte forma parte integral del desarrollo personal y la salud pública, fomentando la unidad y promoviendo la participación femenina, para un crecimiento sostenible. El atletismo es uno de los deportes más importantes en el deporte cubano, y debe ser abordado tanto, desde el punto de vista del entrenamiento deportivo, como desde la psicología deportiva. Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar una descripción de las variables condicionales en un salto con contramovimiento (CMJ, por sus siglas en inglés), el perfil anímico, la autoeficacia y el índice de altura pierna-cadera en atletas de la preselección nacional cubana de atletismo, diferenciados por sexo. Materiales y métodos: Nuestra muestra estuvo constituida por la preselección nacional de atletismo de Cuba. Resultados: El análisis del perfil del estado de ánimo mediante el Perfil de Estados de Ánimo (POMS) no reveló diferencias significativas entre sexos, con un tamaño del efecto pequeño para el sexo. Los hombres mostraron una tendencia ligeramente mayor hacia el vigor, en comparación con las mujeres. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la autoeficacia entre hombres y mujeres, en sus niveles de confianza para alcanzar alturas de salto de entre 21 y 40 cm utilizando el CMJ. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas para los saltos superiores a 40 cm, lo que pone de relieve la importancia de las estrategias para mejorar las necesidades psicológicas y la autoeficacia de los atletas. Conclusiones: Este estudio sugiere que, la asociación entre la ansiedad, relacionada con la tensión y los indicadores de rendimiento, vinculados con la altura del salto, pueden desempeñar un papel crucial en la determinación de perfiles específicos, en atletas cubanos, de ambos sexos. Nuestro análisis exhaustivo contribuye a comprender las diferencias de género en los factores de rendimiento. Estos hallazgos proporcionan valiosos conocimientos para futuras investigaciones y estrategias de desarrollo en atletas.


Resumo Introdução: Os desportos de elite apresentam riscos potenciais para a saúde, mas são vitais para o bem-estar da sociedade. Na sociedade cubana, o desporto é parte integrante do desenvolvimento pessoal e da saúde pública, fomentando a unidade e promovendo a participação feminina para um crescimento sustentável. O atletismo é uma das modalidades mais importantes do desporto cubano e deve ser abordado tanto do ponto de vista do treino desportivo como da psicologia desportiva. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer uma descrição das variáveis condicionais em um salto com movimento (CMJ, sigla em inglês), perfil de humor, autoeficácia e o índice de altura da perna-quadril entre atletas da equipe de pré-seleção nacional de atletismo de Cuba, diferenciados por gênero. Métodos: Nossa amostra consistiu na equipe de pré-seleção nacional de atletismo de Cuba. Resultados: A análise do perfil de humor usando o Perfil de Estados de Humor (POMS) não revelou diferenças significativas de gênero, com um pequeno efeito de tamanho para o gênero. Os homens mostraram uma tendência ligeiramente maior para o vigor em comparação com as mulheres. Diferenças significativas na autoeficácia foram observadas entre homens e mulheres em seus níveis de confiança para alcançar alturas de salto entre 21 e 40 cm usando o CMJ. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para saltos superiores a 40 cm, destacando a importância de estratégias para aprimorar as necessidades psicológicas e a autoeficácia dos atletas. Conclusões: Este estudo sugere que a associação entre ansiedade relacionada à tensão e indicadores de desempenho relacionados à altura do salto pode desempenhar um papel crucial na determinação de perfis específicos em atletas cubanos do sexo masculino e feminino. Nossa análise abrangente contribui para entender as diferenças de gênero nos fatores de desempenho. Esses achados fornecem insights valiosos para futuras pesquisas e estratégias de desenvolvimento de atletas.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adolescent , Athlétisme/psychologie , Performance fonctionnelle physique , Cuba , Identité de genre
2.
Pensar Prát. (Online) ; 27: 77625, 20240417.
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1566508

Résumé

Meios tático-técnicos e sistemas defensivos no hande-bol constituem-se como conhecimentos específicos da modalida-de que precisam ser organizados e terem seu ensino planejado pelo treinador. Este estudo identificou os conteúdos defensivos e as preferências para seu ensino por treinadores da categoria sub-14. Foram entrevistados 13 treinadores de equipes participantes de campeonatos da Federação Paulista de Handebol, cujos de-poimentos foram analisados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados mostraram preferências dos sistemas de-fensivos (individuais, 3:3 e 5:1), meios tático-técnicos (marcação, flutuação, cobertura e trocas) e pelo ensino por meio de jogos e situações de jogo. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para ampliar as discussões sobre a temática.


Tactical-technical aspects and defensive systems in han-dball constitute specific knowledge which needs to be organized and planned for teaching by the coach. This study identified defen-sive content and preferences for its teaching among U-14 teams' coaches. Thirteen coaches of teams participating in the cham-pionships of the São Paulo Handball Federation were interviewed, and their statements were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse method. The results indicated preferences for defensi-ve systems (man-to-man, 3:3, and 5:1), tactical-technical aspects (marking, floating, coverage, and position exchange), and teaching through games and game situations. It is expected that the results will contribute to expanding discussions on this topic.


Los medios táctico-técnicos y los sistemas defensivos en el balonmano son conocimientos específicos que necesitan ser organizados y planificados para su enseñanza por parte del entre-nador. Este estudio identificó el contenido defensivo y las preferencias de enseñanza de entrenadores en la categoría sub-14. Se entrevistaron a 13 entrenadores de equipos que participan en los campeonatos de la Federación Paulista de Balonmano, cuyos tes-timonios fueron analizados utilizando el método del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Los resultados mostraron preferencias por sis-temas defensivos (individuales, 3:3 y 5:1), medios táctico-técnicos (marcación, flotación, cobertura y cambios) y la enseñanza a través de juegos y situaciones de juego. Se espera que los resultados con-tribuyan a ampliar las discusiones sobre este tema.

3.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1021764

Résumé

OBJECTIVE:To systematically assess the effect of blood flow restriction combined with endurance training on aerobic capacity,lower limb muscle strength,and sports performance of athletes using Meta-analysis. METHODS:3210 studies were searched in CNKI,VIP,WanFang,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Cochrane databases before March 2023.After screening,12 studies and 14 research reports were included.The traditional Meta-analysis and network Meta-analysis were performed by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14. RESULTS:Endurance training with blood flow restriction had a medium effect size on maximal oxygen uptake(standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.59,95%confidence interval(CI):0.28-0.90,P<0.05)and no heterogeneity.The effect of continuous pressure was better than the other pressure types(P<0.05).Compared with sports events by anaerobic energy supply,sports events by aerobic energy supply showed better effects(P<0.05),which was set as follows:4-8 weeks of aerobic training,20-30 minutes once,3 or more sessions per week,for a total of 12 or more sessions.Secondly,endurance training with blood flow restriction showed a large effect on the lower limb muscle strength(SMD=0.99,95%CI:0.61-1.37,P<0.05)and no heterogeneity.A subgroup analysis showed muscle endurance was the best improved(SMD=1.11;95%CI:0.37-1.85),followed by knee extension strength(SMD=1.02,95%CI:0.37-1.67)and knee flexion strength(SMD=0.87,95%CI:0.24-1.51).Finally,endurance training with blood flow restriction showed a medium effect on sports performance(SMD=0.59,95%CI:0.13-1.06,P<0.05),and the subgroup analysis showed a medium effect on running performance(SMD=0.55,95%CI:0.05-1.06,P<0.05)and no heterogeneity.There was only one item of soccer specific performance that was not analyzed. CONCLUSION:Endurance training combined with blood flow restriction can improve the aerobic capacity,lower limb muscle strength,and sports performance of the athletes.And there is a large effect on lower limb muscle strength and a medium effect on aerobic capacity and sports performance.A training schedule of progressive mixed-intensity aerobic endurance training under continuous pressure for no less than 4 weeks,3 sessions per week,20-30 minutes per session,for 12 or more sessions in total is easy to obtain better training results.

4.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1022029

Résumé

BACKGROUND:Concussions caused by contact sports or traffic accidents are far more serious and common than people think,and have attracted widespread attention and high attention from the media,medical and sports circles in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To visualize the hot spots and trends in the field of concussion by using the method of bibliometrics,so as to provide some reference for the research in this field in China. METHODS:Based on the core collection database of Web of Science,the keyword retrieval strategy was(TS=(Concussion))AND TS=(Finite element).CiteSpace 6.2.R4 visualization tool was used to visually analyze the author,country,institution,keywords,cited documents,etc. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 215 articles were included,with a general upward trend in the number of publications and citations.The distribution of disciplines involves biomedical engineering,biophysics,sports science,clinical neurology,neuroscience and other disciplines,showing a trend of interdisciplinary integration.The author with the most publications is Gilchrist M from University College Dublin,Ireland,the institution with the most publications is the University of Ottawa,and the country with the most publications is the United States.Key word analysis shows that the focus of research is on the establishment of brain injury models to simulate and predict concussion injuries;analysis of concussion injury mechanism;optimal design of protective equipment and devices.Through literature co-citation analysis,it is found that the prediction and evaluation of brain injury is the knowledge base and research hotspot in this field.The research hotspot of finite element application in the field of concussion injury mainly focuses on the prediction of head injury,combined with the exploration of brain injury mechanism and the design and improvement of protective equipment.With the progress of artificial intelligence and materials science,future research hotspots in the field of concussion injury will focus on the improvement of brain injury models,test methods and protective equipment.

5.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006830

Résumé

Background@#The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the sports industry, postponing events worldwide. To adapt to the situation, athletes have been forced to train at home. Bubble training was introduced to provide a safe and conducive training environment while adhering to government health protocols. However, concerns have emerged regarding the set-up’s implementation.@*Objective@#The study aims to explore the lived experiences of UAAP Season 84 and NCAA Season 97 student-athletes who underwent bubble training.@*Methods@#The study will employ a qualitative phenomenological approach based on Seligman's Well-Being Theory. A purposive sampling technique will be used to recruit at least seven eligible student-athletes. Data will be collected through on-site or online interviews using a semi-structured interview guide to reveal a narrative of the student-athletes' bubble training experiences, common themes, and patterns. Deductive thematic analysis approach will be used with the help of the NVivo software program.@*Expected Results@#This study is expected to develop themes from the daily bubble training routines, habits, coping strategies, and perceived thoughts and feelings of Filipino collegiate student-athletes, regarding their emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement in bubble training. This may provide insights to the government, educational institutions, and athletic associations on possible comprehensive guidelines if they plan to implement bubble training when the need arises.


Sujets)
Athlètes , Étudiants
6.
Article Dans Anglais | AIM | ID: biblio-1531586

Résumé

Background: Injuries are a common occurrence in sports participation; however, they have the potential to be accompanied by negative thoughts and feelings, which may play a part in the athletes' state of mind when they return to their sport. Assessing the degree to which this occurs provides an opportunity to evaluate and address athletes' state of mind before their return to play. Objectives: To determine if athletes are psychologically ready to return to play after an injury and if there are differences in fear avoidance behaviour between those who were and were not ready to return. Methods: Eighty-eight athletes participated in this descriptive survey. Athletes' confidence to return to play was measured by the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Play (I-PRRS) questionnaire and their fear avoidance was measured by the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ). Results: Fifty injured athletes with a mean age of 23.3±4.0 years old responded to the I-PRRS and the AFAQ questionnaires. The average I-PRRS score was 46.5±9.1 AU. The evidence suggests that 60% of the athletes were not ready to return to sport (41.0±7.5 AU), whereas 40% were ready to return (54.8±3.1 AU). The difference in scores was not significant. The relationship between the AFAQ scores and the I-PRRS score for the 'ready' and 'not ready' groups was not significant (p=0.066). The mean AFAQ score (26.1±8.6 AU) for the 'not ready' group is marginally greater than the mean AFAQ score (21.6±7.5 AU) for the 'ready' group. There was a negative correlation between psychological readiness to return to sport and athletic fear avoidance (r =-0.508, p<0.001). Conclusion: There needs to be a greater utilisation of psychological assessment tools like the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Play (I-PRRS) questionnaire, which can assist the athlete's support team, who can help identify athletes who are apprehensive about returning to sport after injury.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Athlètes
7.
Acta ortop. bras ; 32(1): e273282, 2024. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1549993

Résumé

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) that have occurred in Brazilian soccer in a recent 10-year period, comparing them to international data, to know the Brazilian profile. Methods: A review of the AAR in the Doping Control Commission database of the Brazilian Football Association from 2008 to 2017. The AAR in professional male soccer players between 2008 and 2017 were considered. Results: The sample selected in this research was composed of 40,092 doping tests, with 113 AAR, identified in 18 different competitions (0.28%) in the professional category, in Brazilian national and state competitions between 2008 and 2017, flagged in doping control exams through urine samples. Stimulants were detected most frequently (31.0%), followed by glucocorticoids (21.2%), diuretics, and masking agents (19.5%). The Brazilian Championship series did not show a relationship with any of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) groups of substances. Series A showed 0.07% of AAR, Series B 0.21%, Series C 0.75% and Series D 1.49. Conclusion: The rate of AAR in Brazilian soccer was 0.28%, lower than the average for all soccer worldwide, and shows similar percentages among field positions. Stimulants were the most prevalent drugs. The national elite soccer competitions showed significantly fewer cases than the lower divisions. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective Study.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os Resultados Analíticos Adversos (RAA) ocorridos no futebol brasileiro nos últimos 10 anos, comparando-os aos dados internacionais, para conhecer o perfil do futebol brasileiro. Métodos: Revisão dos RAA no banco de dados da Comissão de Controle de Doping da Confederação Brasileira de Futebol de 2008 a 2017. Foram consideradas os RAA entre 2008 e 2017. Resultados: A amostra selecionada nesta pesquisa foi composta por 40.092 exames antidoping com 113 RAA, os quais foram identificados em 18 competições diferentes (0,28%) em atletas da categoria professional, entre 2008 e 2017, sinalizadas em exames de controle de doping através de amostras de urina. Estimulantes foram detectados com maior frequencia (31%), seguidos de glicocorticoides (21,2%), diuréticos e agentes mascarantes (19,5%). A série do Campeonato Brasileiro não apresentou relação com nenhum dos grupos de substâncias da World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). A série A apresentou 0,07% da AAR, Série B 0,21%, Série C 0,75% e Série D 1,49%. Conclusão: A taxa de RAA no futebol brasileiro foi de 0,28%, inferior à media do futebol mundial e apresenta percentuais semelhantes entre as posições do campo. Os estimulantes foram as drogas mais prevalentes. As competições nacionais de futebol das Séries superiores apresentaram significativamente menos casos do que as inferiores. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo Retrospectivo.

8.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(1): e20230002, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452586

Résumé

A prática regular de esportes pode induzir adaptações no coração, sendo essa condição comumente chamada de "coração de atleta". As alterações observadas incluem dilatação das câmaras cardíacas, aumento da espessura miocárdica, melhora do enchimento ventricular, aumento da trabeculação do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), dilatação da veia cava inferior, entre outras. Essas alterações também podem ser observadas em algumas doenças cardíacas, como cardiomiopatia (CMP) dilatada, hipertrófica e outras. Dessa forma, os exames de imagem cardíaca são fundamentais na identificação dessas alterações e na diferenciação entre o "coração de atleta" e uma possível cardiopatia.(AU)


Exercise-induced adaptation may occur in amateur and professional athletes. This condition is commonly named "athlete's heart". The alterations observed include dilation of the heart chambers, increased myocardial thickness, improved ventricular filling, increased left ventricular trabeculation, dilation of the inferior vena cava, among others. These changes can also be observed in some heart diseases, such as dilated, hypertrophic and other cardiomyopathies (CMP). Thus, cardiac imaging tests are fundamental in identifying these alterations and in differentiating between "athlete's heart" and possible heart disease. (AU)


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Adolescent , Adulte , Cardiomyopathie dilatée/diagnostic , Cardiomégalie du sportif/physiologie , Coeur/anatomie et histologie , Coeur/imagerie diagnostique , Échocardiographie/méthodes , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique/méthodes , Radiographie thoracique/méthodes , Échocardiographie-doppler/méthodes , Exercice physique/physiologie , Électrocardiographie/méthodes
9.
Pensar Prát. (Online) ; 26: 74701, 20230227.
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567661

Résumé

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre o desenvolvimento do estudante-atleta, tendo como base o documento intitulado Modelo de Desenvolvimento Esportivo, proposto pelo Comitê Olímpico do Brasil. Ao longo do texto, são discutidos os desafios do estudante-atleta ao seguir a carreira-dupla, bem como sobre a dupla-carreira no Brasil e no mundo. Por fim, sugere-se a criação de uma legislação nacional e de políticas institucionais que promovam o acesso, a permanência e a finalização da formação destes estudantes-atletas.


The present study aimed to reflect on the development of student-athletes based on the document named Sports Development Model proposed by the Brazilian Olympic Committee. Throughout the text, the student-athlete and their challenges when following a dual ca-reer are discussed, as well as the dual career in Brazil and in the world. Finally, it is suggested the development of national legislation and insti-tutional policies that promote access, permanence and finalization of the graduation for these student-athletes.


Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre el desarrollo de los estudiantes-atletas a partir del documento titulado Modelo de Desarrollo Deportivo, propuesto por el Comité Olímpico de Brasil. A lo largo del texto, se discute el estudiante-atleta y sus desafíos al seguir una carrera dual, así como la carrera dual en Brasil y en el mundo. Finalmente, se sugiere la creación de legislación nacional y políticas institucionales que promuevan el acceso, permanencia y culminación de la formación de estos estudiantes deportistas.

10.
Pensar Prát. (Online) ; 26Fev. 2023. Ilus
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551240

Résumé

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre o desenvolvimento do estudante-atleta, tendo como base o documento intitulado Modelo de Desenvolvimento Esportivo, proposto pelo Comitê Olímpico do Brasil. Ao longo do texto, são discutidos os desafios do estudante-atleta ao seguir a carreira-dupla, bem como sobre a dupla-carreira no Brasil e no mundo. Por fim, sugere-se a criação de uma legislação nacional e de políticas institucionais que promovam o acesso, a permanência e a finalização da formação destes estudantes-atletas. (AU).


The present study aimed to reflect on the development of student-athletes based on the document named Sports Development Model proposed by the Brazilian Olympic Committee. Throughout the ext, the student-athlete and their challenges when following a dual ca-reer are discussed, as well as the dual career in Brazil and in the world. Finally, it is suggested the development of national legislation and insti-tutional policies that promote access, permanence and finalization of the graduation for these student-athletes (AU).


Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre el desar-rollo de los estudiantes-atletas a partir del documento titulado Modelo de Desarrollo Deportivo, propuesto por el Comité Olímpico de Brasil. A lo largo del texto, se discute el estudiante-atleta y sus desafíos al se-guir una carrera dual, así como la carrera dual en Brasil y en el mundo. Finalmente, se sugiere la creación de legislación nacional y políticas ins-titucionales que promuevan el acceso, permanencia y culminación de la formación de estos estudiantes deportistas (AU).


Sujets)
Humains , Aptitude , Sports , Enseignement , Brésil
11.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1025631

Résumé

Objective To investigate the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm(EIB)in athletes of winter sports in China,compare the incidence among athletes of different sports,genders and sports levels,and analyze the physiological differences in pulmonary ventilation function and blood in-flammatory factors between EIB and non-EIB athletes.Methods Ninety athletes(48 males and 42 fe-males)of four Winter Olympic events of cross-country skiing,short track speed skating,snowboard-ing,and freestyle skiing were recruited(including 61 national grade-2,20 national grade-1,and 9 na-tional excellent athletes).Venous blood was collected early in the morning on the test day for inflam-matory factor analysis.Moreover,the bronchial exercise provocation test was performed on the test day and pulmonary ventilation function parameters were obtained immediately before the test and at 1st,3rd,5th,7th,10th and 15th minute after the test.Results Thirty-three athletes were detected EIB out of 90,with a mean prevalence of 36.67%.In terms of incidence,athletes of cross-country skiing ranked the first(43.18%),followed by those of short track speed skating(38.46%),snowboarding(31.25%)and freestyle skiing(23.53%).Moreover,the incidence of female and male athletes was 42.86%and 31.25%,respectively.Meanwhile,the prevalence of national excellent sportsmen was 55.56%,followed by that of the national grade-1(40%)and grade-2(32.8%).According to the pulmo-nary ventilation indexes,the 1 s expiratory force volume(FEV1)and expiratory force volume(FVC)de-creased significantly(P<0.001)at the 1st and 3rd minutes after the provocation test among EIB ath-letes,but did not change significantly among the non-EIB athletes.Moreover,the FEV1/FVC ratio showed a downward trend among EIB athletes,but an upward trend among the non-EIB ones.As to the blood parameters,the level of the white blood cell count(109/L),interleukin-6 and CC16 of EIB athletes were significantly higher(P=0.02 and P=0.003),while that of immunoglobulin E(IgE)was low-er than the latter(P=0.07).Conclusion EIB troubles athletes of winter sports in China,characterized by a higher incidence among physical sportsmen than skill ones,among women than men,and high-level athletes than common ones.Moreover,inflammation of EIB athletes is more severe than the non-EIB ones,and partly due to airway injury.

12.
Article Dans Japonais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986397

Résumé

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration body composition by examining male university rugby players in a cross-sectional manner. The subjects were 36 male rugby players (mean age: 20.2 years) who provided us with data regarding their body composition, blood biochemistry examination, and dietary intake frequency. Examination of their serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 【25 (OH) D】 showed that 58% (21/36 subjects) and 42% (15/36 subjects) had sufficient and insufficient intake of vitamin D, respectively. In comparison of serum 25 (OH) D concentrations between players in individual positions, it was suggested that the concentrations were significantly lower in the forward (FW) players compared with the backs (BK) players (p<0.01). The number of FW players with lipid abnormality was significantly higher than that of BK players (p<0.01). Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations showed negative correlations with weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), total body fat amount, and lean body weight. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum 25 (OH) D concentration would be affected by BMI. The average serum 25 (OH) D concentration among obese class II – IV players was 27.8 ng/mL, which was significantly lower than that of players with a normal weight or obese class I (34.2 ng/mL, p<0.01, 33.1 ng/mL, p<0.01). These findings suggest that vitamin D intake among obese class II – IV players was not sufficient, despite the fact that their intake of vitamin D was 14.1 µg, which was much higher than the adequate intake level. In the future, further studies should clarify how increased intake of vitamin D could improve physical characteristics.

13.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 45: e20230047, 2023. tab, graf
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529733

Résumé

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é sistematizar informações de pesquisas realizadas com estudantes-atletas de elite de diversos países, bem como fornecer uma síntese sobre os facilitadores e as barreiras para dupla carreira. A pesquisa foi realizada no Portal de Periódicos da Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), em um total de 24 artigos, entre os quais 19 foram publicados a partir de 2018, ao passo que 18 abordaram exclusivamente participantes europeus. Identificou-se facilitadores e barreiras à dupla carreira atuando nos níveis individual, social e de setores fora do ambiente esportivo, em que esforços para o apoio ao estudante-atleta se concentraram nos âmbitos político e institucional. Avanços na dimensão científica e em propostas práticas pautadas em evidências se apresentam como desafios para a área.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to systematize information from research conducted with elite student-athletes from different countries and provide a synthesis of facilitators and barriers to dual careers through a search of the CAPES Journals Portal. Twenty-four articles were included. Of these, 19 were published in 2018, 18 of which dealt exclusively with European participants. Facilitators and barriers to dual careers were identified at the individual, societal and non-sporting levels, and efforts to support student-athletes should focus on the political and institutional levels. Advances in the scientific dimension and practical, evidence-based proposals are presented as challenges for the field.


RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es sistematizar la información procedente de investigaciones realizadas con estudiantes-deportistas de élite de diferentes países y ofrecer una síntesis sobre los facilitadores y las barreras a la doble carrera, a través de una búsqueda realizada en el Portal de Revistas CAPES. Se incluyeron 24 artículos. De ellos, 19 se publicaron en 2018; 18 abordaban exclusivamente participantes europeos. Se identificaron facilitadores y barreras para las carreras duales a nivel individual, social y del sector no deportivo, y que los esfuerzos para apoyar a los estudiantes-deportistas deberían centrarse en las esferas política e institucional. Los avances en la dimensión científica y en las propuestas prácticas basadas en pruebas se presentan como retos.

14.
Fisioter. Mov. (Online) ; 36: e36204, 2023. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520913

Résumé

Abstract Introduction Intense physical activity and increased exercise significantly reduce the body's adaptive capacity, negatively affect the recovery processes of athletes, and can significantly impair athletic performance. Objective To identify how low temperatures can affect the regenerative processes in athletes, assess the effectiveness and feasibility of cold therapy in sports, and identify the key parameters that determine the effectiveness of the stated recovery method. Methods A systematic review of studies related to the use of cold therapy in sports guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and reported through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The scientific material was selected by finding keywords and phrases, including "the effect of cold on athletes", "athletes' recovery", "cold therapy", etc. Following the selection criteria, only 30 studies were included. Results Cold exposure has significant benefits for sports regeneration, including pain relief (100%), inflammation reduction (93%), and restoration of sprint capabilities (89%). However, its impact on muscle strength (33%), endurance (11%), and lactate reduction (8%) is more limited. It moderately improves the psycho-emotional state (65-75%). Conclusion The use of low temperatures in sports has a beneficial effect on the recovery of sports performance for at least 24 hours after intense physical activity (training).


Resumo Introdução A atividade física intensa e o aumento do exer-cício reduzem significativamente a capacidade de adaptação do organismo, afetam negativamente os processos de recu-peração dos atletas e podem prejudicar significativamente o desempenho atlético. Objetivo Identificar como as baixas temperaturas podem afetar os processos regenerativos dos atletas, avaliar a eficácia e a viabilidade da terapia pelo frio no esorte e identificar os parâmetros-chave que determinam a eficácia do método de recuperação indicado. Métodos Revisão sistemática de estudos relacionados com a utilização da terapia pelo frio no esporte, orientada pelo Manual Cochrane para Revisões Sistemáticas de Intervenções e reportada através dos Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. O material científico foi selecionado através da pesquisa de palavras-chave e frases, incluindo "o efeito do frio nos atletas", "recuperação dos atletas", "terapia pelo frio", etc. Seguindo os critérios de seleção, foram incluídos apenas 30 estudos. Resultados A exposição ao frio tem benefícios significativos para a regeneração esportiva, incluindo o alívio da dor (100%), redução da inflamação (93%) e restauração das capacidades de sprint (89%). No entanto, o seu impacto na força muscular (33%), na resistência (11%) e na redução do lactato (8%) é mais limitado. Há uma melhora moderada sobre o estado psico-emocional (65-75%). Conclusão A utilização de baixas temperaturas no esporte tem um efeito benéfico na recuperação do desempenho esportivo durante pelo menos 24 horas após uma atividade física intensa (treino).

15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 69(11): e20230476, 2023. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521476

Résumé

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Preparticipation screening of athletes by electrocardiography is the most crucial step in determining sudden cardiac death risk factors. Several electrocardiography interpretation software programs have been developed for physicians practicing in this field. Our study aimed to assess cardiopoint sudden death screening module by comparing its findings with two cardiologists using Seattle and International criteria. METHODS: A total of 303 licensed national athletes (37% females) were enrolled. electrocardiographies were examined by the cardiopoint sudden death screening module using Seattle criteria and cardiologists. The consistency between cardiologists and software was compared, and the confidence assessment of the module was tested. RESULTS: With regard to Seattle criteria, moderate consistency was found between the cardiopoint sudden death screening module and the 1st (κ=0.41) and 2nd cardiologist (κ=0.59). Consistency between two cardiologists was moderate (κ=0.55). When we applied International criteria, there was moderate consistency between the module and the 1st cardiologist (κ=0.42), and good consistency between the module and the 2nd cardiologist (κ=0.63). Consistency between the two cardiologists was good (κ=0.62). CONCLUSION: The cardiopoint sudden death screening module had similar agreement with cardiologists based on both criteria. However, the software needs to be updated according to International criteria. Using computer-based measurements for preparticipation screening will help to save time and provide standardization of electrocardiography interpretation.

16.
Fisioter. Mov. (Online) ; 36: e36107, 2023. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421465

Résumé

Abstract Introduction The Hawaiian canoe has numerous bene-fits for those who use it. Furthermore, it is considered a moderate/high-intensity cyclic sport that can cause injuries. Studies on factors associated with injuries in Hawaiian canoe paddlers are considered limited and scarce. Objective To identify the profile of canoe paddlers and determine the main factors associated with injuries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 Hawaiian canoe paddlers (54% females, 45.6 ± 10.0 years old; 46% males, 44.8 ± 11.7 years old) using an online survey, with questions on sociodemographic and anthropometric information and practice and injuries. Results Participants reported having at least four years of experience with the modality, training approximately four times a week for a total of six hours. Almost half (45%) of the sample reported having been injured at least once while canoeing. The back/spine was the body region with the highest injury prevalence, with 38.6%. Intense training was considered the only associated factor for injuries (odds ratio: 3.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.71 - 9.26). Conclusion This pioneering study in Brazil allowed us to profile Hawaiian canoe paddlers and identify the main factors associated with injuries. Paddlers who train intensely are more likely to develop injuries during practice. Therefore, this variable must be considered when planning sessions.


Resumo Introdução A canoagem havaiana apresenta inúmeros benefícios para os praticantes. Apesar disso, é uma prática considerada com gestos cíclicos, realizada com intensidade moderada/intensa e que pode ocasionar lesões. As evidências sobre os fatores associados às lesões em remadores de canoa havaiana são consideradas limitadas e escassas. Objetivo Identificar o perfil dos remadores brasileiros de canoa havaiana e verificar os fatores associados às lesões. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido em 100 remadores de canoa havaiana (54% sexo feminino, 46,2 ± 8,5 anos; 46% do sexo masculino, 44,8 ± 11,7 anos) por meio de uma pesquisa online. O instrumento utilizado continha perguntas sobre as variáveis sociodemográ-ficas, antropométricas, prática da modalidade e lesões. Resultados Os participantes reportaram ter experiência de pelo menos quatro anos com a modalidade, treinando aproximadamente quatro vezes por semana e totalizando seis horas de treino semanal. Quarenta e cinco por cento da amostra relatou ter sido lesionada pelo menos uma vez durante a prática da modalidade. As costas/coluna foi a região corporal com maior prevalência de lesão, com 38,6%. Treinos intensos foram considerados os únicos fatores associados para lesões (razão de chance: 3,98; intervalo de confiança: 1,71 - 9,26). Conclusão Este estudo pioneiro no Brasil permitiu traçar o perfil dos remadores de canoa havaiana, bem como identificar os principais fatores associados a lesões. Remadores que treinam intensamente estão mais propensos a desenvolver lesões durante a prática, portanto, esta variável deve ser levada em consideração no planejamento das sessões.


Sujets)
Humains , Traumatismes sportifs , Sports nautiques , Épidémiologie , Techniques de physiothérapie
17.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 45: e20230022, 2023. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507843

Résumé

ABSTRACT The study investigated the policy of funding sports scholarships to student-athletes linked to the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This is exploratory and documentary research, with an analysis of the opening and results edicts of the Athlete Scholarship Program (2010-2021). The institution has the Athlete Scholarship Program. Scholarships were paid R$400.00, with an annual duration of 9 and 7 months, with emphasis on individual sports, especially wrestling, athletics, and swimming. It is concluded that the university presents a policy that favors the sport of institutional representation, however, not the high performance, given the low value of the scholarship and the non-payment of it in the first quarter of all the years analyzed.


RESUMO O estudo investigou a política de financiamento de bolsas esportivas à estudantes-atletas vinculados à Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória e documental, com análise de editais de abertura e de resultados do Programa Bolsa Atleta (2010-2021). A instituição conta com o Programa Bolsa Atleta. Foram pagas bolsas de R$400,00, com duração anual de 9 e 7 meses, com destaque para modalidades individuais, sobretudo, lutas, atletismo e natação. Conclui-se que a universidade apresenta política que favorece o esporte de representação institucional, porém, não o de alto rendimento, dado ao baixo valor da bolsa e o não pagamento da mesma no primeiro trimestre de todos os anos analisados.


RESUMEN El estudio investigó la política de financiamiento de becas deportivas para estudiantes-atletas vinculados a la Universidad Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria y documental, con análisis de convocatorias de apertura y resultados del Programa Bolsa Atleta (2010-2021). La institución cuenta con el Programa Bolsa Atleta. Se pagaron becas por valor de R$ 400,00, con duración anual de 9 y 7 meses, con énfasis en las modalidades individuales, sobre todo, lucha, atletismo y natación. Se concluye que la universidad tiene una política que favorece el deporte de representación institucional, sin embargo, no el deporte de alto rendimiento, dado el bajo valor de la beca y el impago de la misma en el primer trimestre de todos los años analizados.

18.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 29: e2022_0342, 2023. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407582

Résumé

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endurance is a quality that has been lacking in Chinese athletes. In most endurance sports training in China, there is a problem with attaching importance to high-intensity anaerobic training and ignoring aerobic training. The close combination of aerobic, strength and technical training is endurance training. A significant development trend in training. Objective: This study analyzes the relationship between aerobic training and physical endurance in basketball players. Methods: Basketball players were selected and randomly divided into groups through the analysis method with a questionnaire, observation method, and experimental method to analyze the relationship between aerobic exercise and physical endurance in basketball players. In this paper, the changes in physiological indicators of basketball players were recorded after aerobic exercise. Results: The physical endurance of basketball players were positively correlated with aerobic training time. The physiological indicators of basketball players and basketball skills after aerobic training were significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can improve basketball players' physical endurance and overall physical fitness, helping them achieve good results in competitions. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


RESUMO Introdução: Resistência é uma qualidade que tem faltado aos atletas chineses. Na maioria dos treinos esportivos de resistência na China, há um problema para atribuir importância ao treino anaeróbico de alta intensidade e ignorar o treinamento aeróbico. A combinação próxima de treinamento aeróbico e força e treinamento técnico é o treinamento de resistência. Uma tendência de desenvolvimento significativa na formação. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre treinamento aeróbico e resistência física em praticantes do basquete. Métodos: Jogadores de basquete foram selecionados e aleatoriamente divididos entre grupos passando pelo método de análise com questionário, método de observação e método experimental para analisar a relação entre exercício aeróbico e resistência física dos jogadores de basquete. Neste artigo, as alterações dos indicadores fisiológicos dos jogadores de basquete foram registradas após exercício aeróbico. Resultados: A resistência física dos jogadores de basquete foi positivamente correlacionada com o tempo de treinamento aeróbico. Os indicadores fisiológicos dos jogadores de basquete e as habilidades de basquete após o treinamento aeróbico foram significativamente melhorados (P<0,05). Conclusão: O exercício aeróbico não só pode melhorar a resistência física dos jogadores de basquete como também sua aptidão física geral, ajudando-os a alcançarem bons resultados nas competições. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.


RESUMEN Introducción: La resistencia es una cualidad de la que carecen los atletas chinos. En la mayoría de los entrenamientos de deportes de resistencia en China, existe el problema de dar importancia al entrenamiento anaeróbico de alta intensidad e ignorar el entrenamiento aeróbico. La estrecha combinación del entrenamiento aeróbico y el entrenamiento de fuerza y técnico es el entrenamiento de resistencia. Una tendencia de desarrollo importante en la formación. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende analizar la relación entre el entrenamiento aeróbico y la resistencia física en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se seleccionaron jugadores de baloncesto y se dividieron aleatoriamente entre grupos pasando por el método de análisis con cuestionario, método de observación y método experimental para analizar la relación entre el ejercicio aeróbico y la resistencia física en jugadores de baloncesto. En este trabajo se registraron los cambios de los indicadores fisiológicos de los jugadores de baloncesto después del ejercicio aeróbico. Resultados: La resistencia física de los jugadores de baloncesto se correlacionó positivamente con el tiempo de entrenamiento aeróbico. Los indicadores fisiológicos de los jugadores de baloncesto y las habilidades de baloncesto después del entrenamiento aeróbico mejoraron significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico no sólo puede mejorar la resistencia física de los jugadores de baloncesto, sino también su estado físico general, ayudándoles a conseguir buenos resultados en las competiciones. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

19.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 29(spe1): e2022_0189, 2023. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394850

Résumé

ABSTRACT Introduction The focus of attention in high-performance athlete injuries tends to be on physical recovery, neglecting psychological factors and their practical social impacts on the rehabilitation of the injured athlete. In this phase, giving attention to the importance of athletes' thoughts, emotions, and motivation can speed up the biopsychosocial rehabilitation process. Objective To analyze the characteristics involved in the major sports injuries of high-level athletes to provide a reference for athletes and coaches during recovery. Methods This article analyzes through bibliographic research the characteristics of the major sports injuries in high-level athletes, including physiological, psychological, and social factors. Results The physical impact of injuries requires patience and persistence for recovery, including additional muscle strengthening to compensate for the loss of residual joint proprioception, ensuring performance recovery. Mental factors such as insecurity when returning from games, reduced self-confidence, and fear of hurting the team must be worked through in parallel in multi-professional care and during long recovery periods. Conclusion Sports injuries can occur in athletes of all levels. For elite athletes, the impact of injuries, especially severe ones that need to interrupt training or even surgery, will lead to forced suspension of training or competition, preventing the improvement of sports performance, decreasing the quality of the sports career, and may even lead to physical or psychological disability in severe cases. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


RESUMO Introdução O foco da atenção nas lesões dos atletas de alto desempenho tende a ser a recuperação física, negligenciando os fatores psicológicos e seus impactos sociais práticos na reabilitação do atleta lesionado. Atentar-se a importância dos pensamentos, emoções e motivação dos atletas nessa fase pode agilizar o processo de reabilitação biopsicosical. Objetivo Analisar as características envolvidas nas principais lesões esportivas dos atletas de alto nível, a fim de fornecer referência para atletas e treinadores durante a recuperação. Métodos Este artigo analisa através de pesquisa bibliográfica as características das principais lesões esportivas dos atletas de alto nível, incluindo fatores fisiológicos, psicológicos e sociais. Resultados O impacto físico das lesões requer paciência e persistência para recuperação, incluindo o fortalecimento muscular adicional visando compensar a perda da propriocepção articular residual, garantindo a recuperação do desempenho. Fatores mentais como insegurança na volta dos jogos, redução de autoconfiança e medo de prejudicar o time devem ser trabalhados paralelamente num atendimento multiprofissional e deve-se compensar os aspectos de socialização nas recuperações de longo prazo. Conclusão As lesões esportivas podem ocorrer em atletas de todos os níveis. Para os atletas de elite, o impacto das lesões, especialmente as graves que precisam interromper o treinamento ou mesmo a cirurgia, levará à suspensão forçada do treinamento ou da competição, impedindo a melhoria do desempenho esportivo, diminuindo a qualidade da carreira esportiva e podendo até mesmo levar à incapacidade física ou psicológica em casos graves. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.


RESUMEN Introducción El foco de atención en las lesiones de los atletas de alto rendimiento tiende a centrarse en la recuperación física, descuidando los factores psicológicos y sus impactos sociales prácticos en la rehabilitación del atleta lesionado. Prestar atención a la importancia de los pensamientos, las emociones y la motivación de los deportistas en esta fase puede acelerar el proceso de rehabilitación biopsicológica. Objetivo Analizar las características implicadas en las principales lesiones deportivas de los atletas de alto nivel, con el fin de proporcionar una referencia para los atletas y los entrenadores durante la recuperación. Métodos Este artículo analiza a través de la investigación bibliográfica las características de las principales lesiones deportivas de los atletas de alto nivel, incluyendo factores fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales. Resultados El impacto físico de las lesiones requiere paciencia y persistencia para la recuperación, incluido el fortalecimiento muscular adicional destinado a compensar la pérdida de la propiocepción articular residual, asegurando la recuperación del rendimiento. Los factores mentales, como la inseguridad para volver a los juegos, la disminución de la confianza en sí mismo y el miedo a dañar al equipo, deben trabajarse en paralelo en una atención multiprofesional, y los aspectos de socialización deben compensarse en las recuperaciones a largo plazo. Conclusión Las lesiones deportivas pueden producirse en atletas de todos los niveles. En el caso de los deportistas de élite, el impacto de las lesiones, sobre todo de las más graves que obligan a interrumpir el entrenamiento o incluso a operar, conlleva la suspensión forzosa de los entrenamientos o de la competición, impidiendo la mejora del rendimiento deportivo, disminuyendo la calidad de la carrera deportiva y pudiendo llegar incluso a la incapacidad física o psicológica en los casos graves. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.


Sujets)
Humains , Traumatismes sportifs/classification , Performance sportive , Traumatismes sportifs/psychologie
20.
Pensar mov ; 20(2)dic. 2022.
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1422235

Résumé

Hasaan, A., y Fişne, M. (2021). Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como los deportistas son considerados una marca, gestionarla es un desafío para el mercado. La autenticidad de la marca es una herramienta que se puede utilizar para garantizar que esta se mantenga durante un período de tiempo más largo. Para comprender el concepto de autenticidad de la marca del deportista, se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones en varias bases de datos electrónicas. A partir de estudios anteriores que analizaron los atributos de autenticidad de marca para algunas de ellas, se identificaron un total de 76 atributos. Después de fusionar los interrelacionados, el número final de atributos únicos fue 23. Estos se dividieron en tres grandes temas: actividades en la cancha, actividades fuera de la cancha y actividades de marketing de un deportista. El estudio encuentra la complejidad relacionada con la autenticidad de la marca en que esta es un proceso multidimensional que perdura por períodos más largos de la carrera del atleta. El estudio actual también destaca las complicaciones al establecer la autenticidad de la marca del atleta y que ocurren debido a la naturaleza de esta.


Hasaan, A. & Fişne, M. (2021). Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. The management of an athlete brand is challenging due to the complex nature of athlete career and life. Striving to maintain brand authenticity will promote long-term sustainability of the brand. The purpose of the study is to determine possible factors that contribute to athlete brand authenticity and help athletes to develop their brand more authentically. To understand the concept of athlete brand authenticity, a systematic literature review was conducted on various electronic databases. The study opted the five-step stages of the framework for this systematic review. A total of 76 attributes were identified from past studies that analyzed the attributes of brand authenticity for various brands. After merging interrelated attributes, the final number of unique attributes was 23. These attributes were distributed among three major themes: on-field activities, off-field activities and marketing activities of an athlete. The study finds brand authenticity to be a multi-dimensional and complex process that endures for longer extensive periods of an athlete's career. The current study also highlights the complications related to an athlete brand that occur when establishing athlete brand authenticity. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to refine athlete brand authenticity further within the discussed domains.


Hasaan, A. e Fişne, M. (2021). Entendendo as dimensões da autenticidade da marca dos atletas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como os atletas são considerados uma marca, gerenciá-la é um desafio para o mercado. A autenticidade da marca é uma ferramenta que pode ser usada para garantir que ela se mantenha por um período maior de tempo. Para entender o conceito de autenticidade da marca do atleta, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em diversas bases de dados eletrônicas. De estudos anteriores que analisaram atributos de autenticidade da marca para algumas delas, foram identificados 76 atributos. Após a fusão dos inter-relacionados, o número final de atributos únicos foi de 23. Estes foram divididos em três temas principais: atividades no campo, atividades fora do campo e atividades de marketing de um atleta. O estudo encontra a complexidade relacionada à autenticidade da marca, pois trata-se de um processo multidimensional que dura períodos mais longos. O presente estudo também destaca complicações relacionadas à marca de um atleta que ocorrem ao estabelecer a sua autenticidade devido à natureza dessa marca.


Sujets)
Équipement sportif , Commerce des Produits , Athlètes
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