Pediatric dentist attire and relationship with anxiety in children and parents during Covid-19 pandemic

Aim The study aimed to evaluate children's and parent's preferences of dentist's attire during Covid-19 pandemic and their relationship with dental anxiety. Methods A total of 139 Children(71 boys, 68 girls) aged 6-12 years were shown videos of a pediatric dentist working with different attire such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and pedoscrub, and they were asked to express the way they preferred their dentist to be dressed. Children's anxiety levels with different attire of paediatric dentists were assessed in different age groups and for boys and girls separately and recorded it using the Facial image scale. A questionnaire regarding dental anxiety was created online and completed by 139 parents (76 females, 63 males) of various ages and different educational backgrounds who were asked to choose between two outfits. Results were tabulated and statistically analysed using Chi-square test. Results Children aged 10-12 years preferred PPE by 50.6%, whereas 48.1% of children aged 6-9 years least preferred PPE (<0.05). About 46 (33%) were scored as anxious children and they had a preference for pedoscrub. Also, nonanxious children 43(31%) preferred PPE. All educated parents (100%) selected PPE over pedoscrub and the result were shown to be statistically significant. (<0.05). Conclusion Ultimately, the majority of the anxious children chosen pedoscrub, whereas non - anxious children have chosen PPE. Furthermore, the data reveals that both educated parents and older children preferred PPE as their attire for paediatric dentists.

The Preferences of Dentists’ Attire among a Selected Population of Parents

Aim:To evaluate the preferences of the dentists' attire among parents.Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Methodology:A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information and their preferences from Parents that accompanied their children to the Paediatric dental clinic. Information was also elicited from photographs showing male and female dentists’ with different attires and protective wears. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and the level of significance was set at <0.05.Results: One hundred and fifty parents, comprising of 105(70%) females and 45(30%) males were assessed. The 40-49 year age-group were the majority [73(48.7%)], the female dentist was the preferred gender and there were statistically significant differences between the male and female subjects (p=0.047). One hundred and forty-six (97.3%) wanted the dentists to wear name tags mostly for ease of identification 103(68.8%) and communication 20(13.3%). All parents wanted the dentist to don protective coat and gloves, while 123(82%) and 80(53.3%) parents preferred dentists' wearing facemasks and protective glasses, respectively. One hundred and twenty-eight (85.3%) preferred the white coats because it depicts purity/cleanliness (51.4%) and professionalism (45.7%).Dentists attire was important to 82% and there were statistical significant differences (p=0.01) between those with previous dental exposure and first-timers. There were statistically significant differences (p=0.03) between procedures [orthodontics and other procedures] done in the present visit and their perception of dentist attire.Conclusion:The preferences of the parents on protective wears, use of name tags and gender of the dentist show that identification, safety, empathy and rapport were desiredfrom the dentist by the parents. Previous exposure of their children to the dental setting had an influence on the parents’ preferences

Preferencia de pacientes niños y sus padres respecto a la vestimenta y sexo del odontopediatra / Children's and parent’s preferences regarding the attire and sex of the pediatric dentists

Objetivo: evaluar si los niños y sus padres consideran que la vestimenta del odontopediatra es un aspecto importante en la relación paciente-profesional y cuál sería la de su preferencia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal, analítico en 270 niños/as de 4 y 12 años y uno de sus respectivos padres, en una Clínica Privada y una Institución de Asistencia Colectivizada en Montevideo, Uruguay. El estudio incluyó un cuestionario dirigido a padres/madres y otro a niños/as, y fotografías de odontopediatras con diferente vestimenta: túnica blanca (Imagen 1 y 6), ambo de color lila para la mujer (I-2) y ambo de color verde para el hombre (I-7), equipo con diseños infantiles (I-3, I-8), vestimenta informal ( I-4, I-9) y vestimenta formal (I-5, I-10). Se les solicitó a los niños/as y padres/madres por separado que clasificaran sus preferencias. Resultados: el 29% de los niños/as manifestó preferencia por la imagen 2, seguida por un 25% por la imagen 3. Tanto para las madres como los padres, la imagen más elegida fue la número 3 con 47% y 10% respectivamente. En relación a las opiniones de los padres/madres con respecto a si la vestimenta del odontopediatra influye en el vínculo con su hijo/a, el 83% manifestó que sí, un 16% expresó que no y un 1% opinó “da igual”. Conclusiones: la vestimenta más elegida por los niños/as encuestados fue el ambo de color lila seguida por la vestimenta con diseño infantil, y la de menos preferencia fue la informal. Para los padres/madres la más elegida fue la vestimenta con diseño infantil. Los padres en general opinaron que la vestimenta influye en el vínculo entre el odontopediatra y su hijo/a; y el comportamiento del niño/a en el consultorio.

Objective: assess whether the children and their parents believe that the dentist’s attire is an important aspect of patient-professional relationship and, if so, which do they consider to be the most confidence-inspiring attire. Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted on 270 children aged 4 -12 years old and one of their respective parents at one private clinic and an institution of assistance collectivized in Montevideo, Uruguay. The study included a questionnaire and photographs of pediatric dentists in different attire: white coat (picture 1 and 6), green scrub for man and violet scrub for women (picture 2 and 7), children's design on the scrubs (picture 3 and 8), casual attire (picture 4 and 9) and formal attire (picture 5 and 10). Children and parents separately asked to rate their preferences. Results: 29% of children expressed a preference for the image 2, followed by 25% by the image 3. For both mothers and fathers, the image was chosen n°3 with 47% and 10% respectively. With regard to the views of parents on whether the dentist dress influences in the bond between the professional and the child , the 83% said it has influence, while 16% said it doesn ́t matter. Only 1% said "do not care". Conclusions: the attire more chosen by children was the violet scrub followed by the scrub with children's design, and the less preference was the casual attire. For fathers and mothers the attire more chosen was the scrub with children's design, Both father and mother felt that clothing affects the bold between the pediatric dentist and his daughter/son; and behavior of the child in the dentist clinic.

Preferences of ophthalmic plastics patients and their caregivers toward the doctors’ attire and initial communications: A tertiary eye care study.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine the acceptability levels of different styles of the doctors’ dress and the expectations from the initial phases of physician‑patient encounter. Methods: The study design was a cross‑sectional descriptive type using the survey methodology. A survey based on a five‑point questionnaire was performed on all consecutive patients or their caregivers, aged ≥15, visiting the ophthalmic plastics outpatient clinics at a tertiary eye care institute. The participants were shown three sets of photographs and were required to answer a questionnaire which consisted of five questions. Data collected include participant demographics and their preferences with regards to the physician’s attire and initial communications. Results: A total of 300 consecutive responses were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 37.2 years. Among the participants, 87.6% (263/300) and 90.3% (271/300) preferred a white coat for the male and female physicians, respectively (P < 0.001). The most common second preference was scrubs for both the males and female physicians. 92.3% (277/300) preferred the attire to have an identification display. The overwhelming majority of respondents (95.6%, 287/300) preferred the physicians to address them by their name and 98.6% (296/300) liked if their physicians smiled while addressing them. Conclusions: White coat was the main preferred attire among respondents. Increased awareness of the patient’s expectations plays a crucial role in enhancing their satisfaction.

Caetano Veloso: corpo, roupa e música desafiando a ditadura militar no Brasil / Caetano Veloso: body, clothing, and music challenging the military dictatorship in Brazil / Caetano Veloso: cuerpo, ropa y música desafiando la dictadura militar en Brasil

O texto aborda o papel de roupas, acessórios, cabelos e posturas corporais na construção da imagem de Caetano Veloso no período de 1967 a 1972. Nossa hipótese é que estes aspectos foram tão importantes quanto a sua música na conformação de sua identidade como artista, sendo responsáveis também por sua prisão e exílio entre 1969 e 1972. As fontes utilizadas são fotografias do jornal Correio da Manhã e documentos produzidos pelos órgãos de segurança e informação do regime militar.

The article examines the role of clothes, accessories, hair styles and body postures in the construction of Caetano Veloso's image between 1967 and 1972. Our hypothesis is that these aspects were as important as his music in the formation of his identity as an artist, being accountable, as well, for his arrest, in 1968, and later exile in London, between 1969 and 1972. The paper's sources are photographs from the Rio de Janeiro newspaper Correio da Manhã and documents produced by security and information bodies of the military regime.

En este trabajo se aborda el papel de la ropa, los accesorios, el cabello y las posturas corporales en la construcción de la imagen de Caetano Veloso en el periodo comprendido entre 1967 y 1972. Nuestra hipotesis es que estos aspectos fueron tan importantes como su música en la formación de su identidad como artista, siendo responsables además por su detención y el exilio entre 1969 y 1972. Las fuentes del artículo son las fotografías del periódico Correio da Manhã y los documentos producidos por los órganos de seguridad y de la información en el régimen militar.

Paramentação cirúrgica: artigo de revisão / Surgical attire: a review article

Esta revisão objetivou a descrição da paramentação cirúrgica e suas reais necessidades. Procedimentos cirúrgicos e anestésicos tornam necessárias precauções para reduzir os riscos biológicos que ocorrem em pacientes e na equipe multiprofissional em contato com líquidos, tecidos orgânicos e agentes infecciosos em centro cirúrgico. Seu intuito é proteger pacientes e a equipe multiprofissional contra microrganismos presentes e liberados em centro cirúrgico. A paramentação cirúrgica é a troca das vestimentas rotineiras por outras adequadas, em áreas restritas ou semirrestritas do centro cirúrgico, proporcionando barreiras contra ainvasão de microrganismos. Utilizou-se a seleção de artigos publicados na MEDLINE, LILACS, PUBMED, COCHRANE LIBRARY e livros. Não existem normas de leis para o uso da paramentação cirúrgica, ficando sob a vigilância sanitária vigente em cada município e ainda às normas internas de funcionamento de cada centro cirúrgico. Constitui-se em medida eficaz na redução dos processos infecciosos pós-operatórios, mesmo com resultados contraditórios em vários estudos sobre o reconhecimento das reais fontes e formas de transmissão dos microrganismos em um centro cirúrgico.

This review focused on the description of surgical attire and its actual requisite use. Surgical and anesthetic procedures requite that precautions are taken to reduce biological risk to patients and to the multiprofessional team in contact with fluids, organic tissues and infectious agents in the surgical center. Its purpose is protecting patients and the multiprofessional team against microorganisms existing and released in the surgical center. Use of surgical attire includes the exchange of everyday clothing for more adequate pieces in restricted or semi-restricted areas in the operatingroom, thus providing barriers against the invasion of microorganisms. A selection of articles published in MEDLINE, LILACS, PUBMED, COCHRANE LIBRARY and books were used. There are no regulations in place for the use of surgical attire, and its use is controlled by each municipaltiy's health surveillance team as well as by internal rules of operation in every surgical center. It constitutes an effective measure to decrease postoperative infectious processes, even though several studies contradict with regards to the actual sources and modes of transmission of microorganisms in the operating room.

Preferences for Addressing Title to Patients and Physicians' Attire in a Medical Office

BACKGROUND: Most patients feel uneasy about visiting a clinic and thus the trust on their physicians can be affected by the physicians' attire, attitude and greeting. We aimed to investigate the difference between patients' and physicians' preferences to attires and greetings in clinics. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire survey on 394 outpatients in a university hospital and on 169 doctors from five university hospitals. We questioned to the outpatients about their preference for physicians' dress style, how to address them and the method of greeting. We also questioned to the doctors about their own attire, attitude and etiquette. RESULTS: The patients preferred to be called 'OOO Nim' (54.0%), 'OOO Ssi' (29.2%), 'Hwanjabun' (16.2%) and 'Sunsaengnim' (2.5%). However, the physicians were used to calling patients 'Hwanjabun' (39.2%), 'OOO Nim' (29.6%), 'OOO Ssi' (24.5%) and 'Sunsaengnim' (1.2%) (P<0.001). Both the patients and the physicians preferred physicians'to wear white-gown (70.3% vs 78.7%) in a medical office. Inside the gown, a shirt and a necktie (66.2% vs 71.6%) were favored in both groups. Compared to the patients, the physicians thought that their attitude (23.1% vs 45.6%) and their attire (49.7% vs 55.6%) had a great effect on their professionalism. CONCLUSION: We found that the patients wanted to be called 'OOO Nim', but 'Hwanjabun' was most commonly used by the physicians. Both the patients and the physicians preferred white-gown. We also found that the physicians' attire and attitude were strongly associated with their professionalism.

Barreira microbiana das máscaras cirúrgicas descartáveis segundo o seu tempo de utilização / Microbial barrier of disposable masks in relation to their usage time

A prática da utilização de máscaras cirúrgicas durante a realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, como uma medida de prevenção da infecção do sítio cirúrgico (ISC), vem sendo questionada nos últimos tempos. Com o intuito de produzir evidências científicas, foi desenvolvida a presente investigação, com delineamento experimental, controlado, que teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da barreira microbiana das máscaras cirúrgicas descartáveis (Eficácia de Filtração Bacteriana - BFE- de 95%), segundo o seu tempo de utilização (1 hora, 2 horas, 4 horas e 6 horas). Os dados foram coletados em uma sala de operação de uma unidade de centro cirúrgico de um hospital privado do município de São Paulo cuja estrutura física atende às recomendações atuais propostas pelo Ministério da Saúde (RDC-50 - MS/2002). Para os experimentos, constituíram-se 2 grupos denominados controle e experimental. O primeiro sem utilização de máscaras cirúrgicas e o segundo com elas. A fim de reproduzir as conversações que normalmente ocorrem entre a equipe cirúrgica durante o ato operatório, uma variável que interfere no período de validade das máscaras cirúrgicas descartáveis, manteve-se o controle de palavras emitidas pelos colaboradores da coleta de dados, nos dois grupos, em todos os tempos estudados. Para controlar a influência do ambiente, foram mantidas placas de Petri no ambiente de sala de operações, próximas à entrada do ar condicionado. Realizou-se a contagem das Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC) das unidades de análise das simulações em ambos os grupos, nos intervalos de tempo pré-estabelecidos (1, 2, 4 e 6 horas), por meio das placas de Petri com meio de cultura (Agar Triptona Soja -ATS) dispostas sobre a mesa cirúrgica. Foram identificados os microrganismos mais freqüentes encontrados nas simulações. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística e os resultados mostraram que a utilização da máscara cirúrgica diminuiu ) diminuiu (coeficiente de regressão = -20,10) a média de UFC das placas da mesa cirúrgica que simulou o campo operatório, em todos os tempos testados. Verificou-se que a sua utilização além de 2 horas aumentou a contaminação das placas da mesa cirúrgica. Nas análises estatísticas foram consideradas as interferências da contaminação ambiental e constatou-se que existiu uma correlação positiva alta (coeficiente de correlação = 0,886) entre as médias de UFC da mesa cirúrgica e do ambiente, estatisticamente significante (P< 0,001). Concluiu-se que as máscaras cirúrgicas descartáveis (BFE 95%) demonstraram constituir barreiras microbianas eficazes em todos os tempos estudados, diminuindo sua eficácia de filtração após 2 horas de sua utilização

The practice of the use of surgical masks during surgical procedures as a preventive measure against Infection of the Surgical Site (ISS) has been questioned lately. With the aim of producing scientific evidence, the present investigation was developed - with an experimental controlled basis - in order to evaluate the effectiveness of microbial barriers of disposable surgical masks (Bacterial Filtration Effectiveness - BFE - 95%) in relation to their usage time (one, two, four and six hours). Data were collected inside an operating room of the operation theatre unit of a private hospital in the city of São Paulo, whose physical structure meets the recommendations currently proposed by the Health Ministry (RDC - 50 - MS/2002). Two groups were formed for the carrying out of these experiments, respectively denominated control group and experimental group: in the first group no surgical masks were used; in the second surgical masks were used. In order to reproduce conversations that usually take place among the surgical team members during surgeries - a variable which interferes in the validity period of disposable surgical masks - control was kept of words uttered by those collaborating in the gathering of the data, in the two groups, for all the times studied. In order to control the influence of the environment, Petri dishes were maintained in the operating room environment, close to the air conditioning inlets. A count was taken of the Colony Forming Units (CFU) of the units of simulation analysis in both groups, at pre-established time intervals (1,2,4 and 6 hours), through Petri dishes with culture medium (Agar Trypton Soybean - ATS) placed on the surgical table. Identification was made of the most frequent micro organisms found in the simulations; these data were submitted to statistical analysis and the results demonstrated that the use of surgical masks decreased (regression coefficient = -20,10) the the average count of CFU in the Petri dishes placed on the surgical table which simulated the surgical field in all of the times tested. It was verified that their use beyond 2 hours increased contamination of the dishes placed on the surgical table. In the statistical analyses, the interferences of milieu contamination were considered and it was found that there was a high positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0,886) between the average count of CFU in the surgical table and in the environment, which was statistically significant (P<0,001). The final conclusion was that disposable surgical masks (BFE 95%) proved to be effective microbial barriers in all of the times studied. Their BFE decreased after two hours of use