Calidad microbiológica del agua utilizada en establecimientos lecheros de la zona de Villa María (Córdoba) / Microbiological quality of the water used in a random sample from dairy farms in Córdoba, Argentina

Se evaluó la calidad bacteriológica del agua de pozo y del agua de lavado en una muestra aleatoria de 50 tambos distribuidos en la cuenca lechera de Villa María (Córdoba), Argentina. La visita a los tambos se realizó en 2007. Un 46 % y un 24 % de los tambos presentaron recuentos de aerobios mesófilos superiores a 500 UFC/ml en el agua de lavado y en el agua de pozo, respectivamente. En un 20 % de los establecimientos se aisló Escherichia coli de ambas fuentes de agua. Pseudomonas aeruginosa registró una alta frecuencia de aislamiento en el agua de pozo (36 %) y en la de lavado (42 %). Un 80 % y un 88 % de los establecimientos contaban con agua de pozo y de lavado no aptas, respectivamente. Los niveles de mesófilos aerobios y de coliformes totales presentes en el agua de pozo mostraron una concordancia moderada con los detectados en el agua destinada al lavado. En virtud de estos resultados, puede afirmarse que un elevado porcentaje de los tambos ubicados en la cuenca lechera de Villa María emplean agua de calidad bacteriológica deficiente, no apta para el ordeño ni el lavado de las instalaciones.

Bacteriological contamination of well water and wash water in a random sample obtained from 50 farms from Villa María (Córdoba) dairy area, Argentina, was evaluated during a visit in 2007. Forty six percent and 24 % of farms showed an aerobic mesophilic bacteria count higher than 500 CFU/ml in wash water and well water, respectively. Escherichia coli was isolated in 20 % of samples from both sources. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high frequency of isolation in well water (36 %) and wash water (42 %). Eighty and eighty-eight percent of dairy farms have contaminated well water and wash water, respectively. The findings show moderate concordance between contamination of well water and wash water for mesophilic aerobics and total coliforms. The results reveal that a high percentage of dairy farms in the basin under study have poor bacteriological water quality, not suitable for milking and washing facilities.

Chemical and bacteriological evaluation of the water and mussels from Santos bay, São Paulo, Brazil

The sea water and Perna perna mussels samples were bimonthly collected from Santos bay from December 2006 to April 2008, and the occurrence of heavy metals, organic compounds and bacteria were investigated. Water and mussel meat quality were assessed following the Brazilian legislation. The analyses on heavy metals mercury, lead, zinc and cadmium contents were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry.The mussel meat was investigated by analytical methodologies following the international recommendations. Among the analyzed sea water samples, at least one sample showed chlorine, phosphorus, sulfide, total fluoride, ammoniac nitrogen, aluminum, lead and iron contents out of the established limits. In one mussel meat sample only a high peak of zinc concentration was found. The bacteriological agents found in water and mussel meat samples were sporadically above the recommended values.

Amostras de água do mar e de mexilhão Perna perna, coletadas bimestralmente da baía de Santos, no período de dezembro de 2006 a abril de 2008, foram analisadas quanto à presença de metais pesados, compostos orgânicos e bactérias. A qualidade da água e da carne de mexilhão foi avaliada seguindo-se a legislação brasileira. As análises dos metais pesados mercúrio, chumbo, zinco e cádmio foram realizadas pela técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica. As amostras de carne de mexilhão foram analisadas de acordo com as recomendações internacionais. Entre as amostras de água do mar, pelo menos uma apresentou teor de o cloro, fósforo, sulfeto, fluoreto total, nitrogênio amoniacal, alumínio, chumbo e ferro fora dos limites estabelecidos. Apenas uma amostra de carne do mexilhão apresentou pico elevado de concentração de zinco. Os agentes bacteriológicos analisados nas amostras de água e de carne estavam esporadicamente acima dos valores recomendados.

Bacteriological Contamination of Oxygen Humidifying Fluid in Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber:A Primary Research and Analysis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To find out the situation of bacteriological contamination of oxygen humidified fluid in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber in Nanfang Hospital and take appropriate measures accordingly to provide valuable reference for avoiding possibly resulting hospital infection.METHODS Before and after beginning periodically changing oxygen humidified fluid,the humidifying fluid in the oxygen humidifiers of three hyperbaric oxygen chambers in this hospital was sampled once a season.The samples were analyzed with bacteria counting and identification.RESULTS The average amount of bacteria in the samples before and after changing oxygen humidified fluid was(7.9 ? 104) CFU/ml and(2.8 ? 103) CFU/ml,respectively.Identified bacteria were conditioned pathogens,including Chryseobacterium,Acinetobacter baumannii,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans,etc.Among them the frequency of Chryseobacterium was the highest.The results had no correlation with the changing of seasons.CONCLUSIONS Hyperbaric oxygen chamber should be disinfected periodically,the humidified fluid should be changed every day,and the amount of bacteria in it should lower than 103 CFU/ml.