Resultados cardiometabólicos de largo plazo tras cirugía bariátrica: control de comorbilidades, pérdida y reganancia de peso a los 5 años de seguimiento / Long-term cardiometabolic results after bariatric surgery: Control of comorbidities, weight loss and regain at 5 years of follow-up

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica (CBM) es efectiva en lograr pérdida de peso a corto plazo. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada en desenlaces clínicos y metabólicos a largo plazo. Métodos. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo con pacientes llevados a baipás gástrico en Y de Roux (BGYR) o gastrectomía en manga (MG) por laparoscopia en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre 2013 y 2021. El cambio de peso, control de comorbilidades y resultados metabólicos se recopilaron al inicio del estudio, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de cirugía, y anualmente hasta el quinto año. Las tasas de control de comorbilidades se evaluaron mediante la prueba Kaplan-Meier. Se utilizó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar el efecto de covariables en la reganancia de peso. Resultados. De 1092 pacientes con CBM (71,4 % MG y 28,6 % BGYR), 67 % eran mujeres, con mediana de edad 48 años e índice de masa corporal de 35,5 Kg/m2. Después de cinco años de seguimiento, la tasa de control en diabetes mellitus fue 65,5 %, en hipertensión 56,6 % y en dislipidemia 43,6 %. La tasa de reganancia de peso fue 28 %, sin diferencias entre MG vs BGYR (p=0,482). El tiempo promedio hasta peso nadir fue 14 meses. La edad al momento de CBM fue el mejor predictor independiente de reganancia (HR=1,02, IC95% 1,01-1,04), pero con efecto clínico modesto. Conclusión. La CBM es segura y muestra beneficios a largo plazo en la pérdida de peso y control de comorbilidades en población colombiana.

Introduction. Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has shown its efficacy in achieving short-term weight loss. However, there is limited evidence regarding long-term clinical and metabolic outcomes. Methods. Retrospective longitudinal study with patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) interventions in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2013 and 2021. Weight change, comorbidity control, and metabolic outcomes were collected at the onset, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-surgery, and annually up to the fifth year. Comorbidity control rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of covariates on weight regain. Results. Of 1092 patients with BMS (71.4% SG and 28.6% RYGB), 67% were women, with a median age of 48 years, BMI 35.5 kg/m2. After five years of follow-up, the control rate in diabetes mellitus was 65.5%, in hypertension 56.6%, and dyslipidemia 43.6%. The weight regain rate was 28% with no differences between SG vs RYGB (p=0.482). The mean time to nadir weight was 14 months. Age at the time of BMS was the best independent predictor of weight regain (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), but with a modest clinical effect. Conclusion. BMS is safe and shows long-term benefits in weight loss and control of comorbidities in Colombian population.

Revisión bibliográfica: cirugía bariátrica en adolescentes / Bibliographic review: bariatric surgery in adolescents

La obesidad en la infancia y adolescencia es un problema de salud mundial que ha ido en aumento, esto es preocupante no sólo por el riesgo de comorbilidades cardiovasculares, sino que también las psicosociales. La cirugía bariátrica se ha convertido en una alternativa para los casos de obesidad severa en adolescentes. Se trata de un método invasivo que requiere evaluación cuidadosa, no sólo en el aspecto físico, sino que también en el psicológico y social. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la evidencia disponible sobre las consecuencias que conlleva la cirugía bariátrica en adolescentes. Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura en base de datos como PubMed, ScienceDirect y Scopus, utilizando palabras clave como "cirugía bariátrica", "obesidad en adolescentes", "efectos psicosociales" y "salud mental". Se han identificado diversos efectos negativos, entre los cuales destacan las deficiencias nutricionales que afectan al sistema nervioso central, los impactos en la salud mental y el riesgo de psicopatología. Sin embargo, la mayor cantidad de información e investigación se centra en los efectos positivos de la cirugía bariátrica. Aún faltan estudios en población adolescente, especialmente de carácter prospectivo y documentación de los posibles efectos negativos en la salud. Palabras clave: Cirugía bariátrica, adolescentes, obesidad, tratamiento de obesidad, salud mental.

Obesity in childhood and adolescence is a global health problem that has been on the rise, and it is highly concerning due to the risk of cardiovascular and psychosocial comorbidities. Bariatric surgery has become an alternative for cases of severe obesity in adolescents. It is an invasive method that requires careful evaluation, not only in the physical aspect but also in the psychological and social aspects. The aim of this study is to understand the available evidence regarding the consequences of bariatric surgery in adolescents. A literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, using keywords such as "bariatric surgery," "obesity in adolescents", "psychosocial effects," and "mental health." Among the negative effects found, complications related to nutritional deficiencies affecting the central nervous system, effects on mental health, and the risk of psychopathology are evident. However, most of the information and research focus on the positive effects of bariatric surgery. There is a lack of studies in the adolescent population, especially those of a prospective nature, and documentation of potential negative health effects. Keywords: Bariatric surgery, adolescent, obesity, obesity treatment, mental health

Recorriendo el camino hacia el éxito en cirugía bariátrica: el rol fundamental de la endoscopia bariátrica / Traversing the path to success in bariatric surgery: the fundamental role of bariatric endoscopy

RESUMEN La obesidad se ha convertido en una creciente epidemia de alcance global, exigiendo soluciones efectivas para su manejo. Actualmente, la cirugía bariátrica-metabólica es la mejor opción terapéutica en los pacientes con obesidad mórbida y comorbilidades asociadas. Este artículo de revisión aborda la importancia de la endoscopia en la evaluación pre y post operatoria, así como en la detección y manejo de las complicaciones asociadas a la cirugía bariátrica.

ABSTRACT Obesity has become a growing global epidemic, demanding effective solutions for its management. Bariatric-metabolic surgery is currently the best therapeutic option for patients with morbid obesity and associated comorbidities. This review article addresses the importance of endoscopy in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation, as well as in the detection and management of complications associated with bariatric surgery.

Early and severe onset of esophageal dysfunction after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case report and review of literature / Inicio temprano y severo de disfunción esofágica después de manga gástrica laparoscópica: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

ABSTRACT After bariatric surgery one of the most common complications is dysphagia. The etiology of this disease has not been fully elucidated but it is known that it may be due to structural changes due to surgery. This case describes a 65-year-old female with early and severe onset of dysphagia following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The patient's final diagnosis was postobesity surgery esophageal dysfunction and laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed. Physicians should be aware of this condition in order to offer early diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN Después de una cirugía bariátrica una de las complicaciones más comunes es la disfagia. La etiología de esta enfermedad no ha sido completamente dilucidada, pero se sabe que puede deberse a cambios estructurales debidos a la cirugía. En este reporte se describe el caso de una mujer de 65 años con disfagia severa de aparición temprana después de una en manga gástrica laparoscópica. El diagnóstico final del paciente fue de una disfunción esofágica posterior a una cirugía de obesidad y se planteó como manejo una gastrectomía proximal laparoscópica con anastomosis esofagoyeyunal en Y de Roux. Hay que tener en cuenta las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo que se pueden presentar luego de cirugías de obesidad para poder realizar un diagnóstico temprano y poder ofrecer un tratamiento adecuado.

Lo clásico y lo nuevo en el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad / The classic and the new in the treatment of overweight and obesity

Así como planteamos en la primera entrega de esta serie de artículos de actualización sobre la obesidad, resulta urgente revisar el abordaje tradicional que la comunidad médica le ofrece a las personas con cuerpos gordos. En este segundo artículo desarrollaremos en profundidad diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para los pacientes que desean bajar de peso:plan alimentario, actividad física, tratamiento farmacológico y cirugía metabólica. (AU)

As we proposed in the first issue of this series of articles, it is urgent to review the traditional approach that the medical community offers to people with fat bodies. This second article will develop different therapeutic alternatives for patients who want to lose weight: eating plans, physical activity, pharmacological treatment, and metabolic surgery. (AU)

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário "Quality of Alimentation" para o português brasileiro / Translation and cross cultural adaptation of the questionnaire "Quality of Alimentation" for brazilian portuguese

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o questionário "Quality of Alimentation" do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Método O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural do questionário "Quality of Alimentation" segue as seguintes etapas: tradução por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma alvo, síntese das versões e retradução por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem e, por fim, revisão da retradução para submissão a um comitê de juízes especialistas. Uma vez aprovado, o questionário seguiu para teste com usuários a fim de avaliar a clareza, compreensibilidade e aceitabilidade da versão traduzida. Resultados Na versão final em português brasileiro do questionário "Quality of Alimentation" o instrumento mostrou-se de claro entendimento e fácil aplicabilidade. Conclusão O questionário traduzido e adaptado para o português brasileiro, representa um passo significativo para melhora na avaliação da intolerância alimentar pós cirurgia bariátrica. Novos estudos são necessários para a validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Purpose We aimed to provide translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire "Quality of Alimentation" from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The transcultural translation process consisted of the following steps: translation of the original English version to Portuguese by two bilingual translators native in the targeted language; Reverse translation by two translators native in the original language; Review of reverse translation; Review of the Portuguese version from the questionnaire by a local committee of experts in bariatric surgery; Pre-trial to evaluate of clarity, comprehension, and overall acceptability by the target population. Results In its final Portuguese version, the questionnaire "Quality of alimentation" was found to be of clear comprehension and easy applicability. Conclusion The questionnaire's translation and cultural adaptation for Brazilian Portuguese represents an important step towards improving food tolerance evaluation following bariatric surgery. Further studies are however necessary for validation of its psychometric properties in Brazil.

Avaliação da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas da COVID-19 em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Assessment of the severity of signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in patients undergoing bariatric surgery / Evaluación de la gravedad de los signos y sintomas de COVID-19 em pacientes sometidos a cirurgía bariátrica

Objetivo: Avaliar a gravidade e a incidência dos sinais e sintomas da COVID-19 em pacientes bariátricos, relacionando-os ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a outros fatores considerados de risco para a doença.Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário eletrônico e a avaliação da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 foi realizada seguindo o manual "Orientações para manejo de pacientes com covid-19", do Ministério de Saúde do Brasil. Resultados: um total de 60 pacientes foram incluídos. Dos participantes, 60% apresentaram sintomas graves e a fadiga foi o sintoma mais frequente (90%). A análise mostrou uma associação significativa entre a presença de tosse e a condição de sobrepeso/obesidade (OR=3,720; IC=1,060­13,050; p=0,034). Além disso, apenas 6,7% foram hospitalizados, sem casos de intubação, todos com sobrepeso/obesidade (OR=1,333; IC=1,114­1,554). Conclusão:apesar de uma alta taxa de pacientes categorizados com sinais e sintomas graves, verificou-se uma baixa necessidade de internação hospitalar e ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Isso sugere que a perda de peso e a melhora das comorbidades pós-cirurgia podem contribuir para um risco reduzido de hospitalização em casos de infecção por COVID-19

Objective: To assess the severity and incidence of COVID-19 signs and symptoms in bariatric patients, relating them to body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for the disease. Method:This is a cross-sectional study. Patients completed an electronic questionnaire, and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and symptoms was assessed following the "Guidelines for the management of COVID-19 patients" by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results:A total of 60 patients were included. Among the participants, 60% presented with severe symptoms, with fatigue being the most frequent symptom (90%). The analysis showed a significant association between the presence of cough and the condition of overweight/obesity (OR=3.720; CI=1.060­13.050; p=0.034). Moreover, only 6.7% were hospitalized, with no cases requiring intubation, all within the overweight/obesity subgroup (OR=1.333; CI=1.114­1.554).Conclusion: Despite a high rate of patients categorized with severe signs and symptoms, there was a low need for hospital admission and non-invasive mechanical ventilation. This suggests that weight loss and improvement of comorbidities post-surgery may contribute to a reduced risk of hospitalization in COVID-19 infection case.

Objetivo: Evaluar la gravedad y la incidencia de los signos y síntomas de COVID-19 en pacientes bariátricos, relacionándolos con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y otros factores de riesgo para la enfermedad. Metodo:Se trata de un estudio transversal. Los pacientescompletaron un cuestionario electrónico, y la gravedad de los signos y síntomas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se evaluó siguiendo las "Guías para el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19" del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Resultados:Se incluyó un total de 60 pacientes. Entre los participantes, el 60% presentó síntomas severos, siendo la fatiga el síntoma más frecuente (90%). El análisis mostró una asociación significativa entre la presencia de tos y la condición de sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=3.720; IC=1.060­13.050; p=0.034). Además, solo el 6.7% fueron hospitalizados, sin casos que requirieran intubación, todos dentro del subgrupo de sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=1.333; IC=1.114­1.554). Conclusión:A pesar de una alta tasa de pacientes clasificados con signos y síntomasseveros, hubo una baja necesidad de admisión hospitalaria y ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Esto sugiere que la pérdida de peso y la mejora de las comorbilidades postoperatorias pueden contribuir a un riesgo reducido de hospitalización en casos de infección por COVID-19

Anestesia libre de opioides en cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica

Introducción: La anestesia libre de opioides surge de las alternativas farmacológicas que permiten otra opción anestésica en el arsenal del anestesiólogo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de una técnica anestésica libre de opioides en el paciente intervenido con cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal en 23 pacientes operados con anestesia general multimodal libre de opioides. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con un índice de masa corporal mayor o igual a 35 kg/m2, con estado físico ASA II y III. Se evaluó la analgesia posoperatoria e intraoperatoria como una necesidad de la analgesia de rescate en el tiempo de recuperación y los efectos adversos. Resultados: Se demostró que la edad promedio fue 38,19 ± 8,73 con un predominio en el sexo femenino, los pacientes fueron clasificados como ASA II y obesos grados III. Hubo una estabilidad hemodinámica intraoperatoria. El 82,6 % de los pacientes no presentaron dolor posoperatorio en las primeras 24 h. No se presentaron pacientes con dolor severo. Requirieron analgesia de rescate cinco pacientes (21,7 %) en posoperatorio, y las complicaciones fueron escasas sin repercusión clínica. El tiempo promedio para la extubación fue de 6,7 ± 0,8 min y la recuperación total de 29,6 ± 0,8 min. Conclusiones: La técnica multimodal libre de opioides resultó segura y efectiva, con un adecuado estado de analgesia perioperatoria y escasas complicaciones en los pacientes intervenido con cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica.

Introduction: Opioid-free anesthesia arises from pharmacological alternatives that allow another anesthetic option in the anesthesiologist's arsenal. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an opioid-free anesthetic technique in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods: An analytical, prospective and longitudinal observational study was carried out in 23 patients operated on with opioid-free multimodal general anesthesia. The patients studied were over 18 years of age, with a body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, ASA physical status II and III. Postoperative and intraoperative analgesia were evaluated as a need for rescue analgesia in recovery time and adverse effects. Results: It was shown that the average age was 38.19 ± 8.73 with a predominance in the female sex, the patients were classified as ASA II and grade III obese. There was intraoperative hemodynamic stability. 82.6% of patients did not experience postoperative pain in the first 24 hours. There were no patients with severe pain. Five patients (21.7%) required rescue analgesia postoperatively, and complications were rare without clinical repercussions. The average time for extubation was 6.7 ± 0.8 min and total recovery was 29.6 ± 0.8 min. Conclusions: The opioid-free multimodal technique was safe and effective, with adequate state of perioperative analgesia and few complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: an integrative review of literature / Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica: revisão integrativa / Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica: una revisión integradora

Abstract Objective: to evaluate evidence on risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery. Method: integrative review. The search for primary studies was performed in four databases. The sample consisted of 11 surveys. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data analysis and synthesis were performed in a descriptive manner. Results: surgical site infection rates ranged from 0.4% to 7.6%, considering the results of primary studies, in which patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. In surveys of participants undergoing surgical procedures with different approaches (open, laparoscopic or robotic), infection rates ranged from 0.9% to 12%. Regarding the risk factors for the development of this type of infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, female sex, high Body Mass Index and perioperative hyperglycemia are highlighted. Conclusion: conducting the integrative review generated a body of evidence that reinforces the importance of implementing effective measures for the prevention and control of surgical site infection, by health professionals, after bariatric surgery, promoting improved care and patient safety in the perioperative period.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar as evidências sobre os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica. Método: revisão integrativa. A busca dos estudos primários foi realizada em quatro bases de dados. A amostra foi composta por 11 pesquisas. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. A análise e a síntese dos dados foram realizadas de maneira descritiva. Resultados: as taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico variaram de 0,4% até 7,6%, considerando os resultados dos estudos primários, cujos pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia por via laparoscópica. Nas pesquisas com os participantes submetidos aos procedimentos cirúrgicos com diferentes abordagens (aberta, via laparoscópica ou robótica), as taxas de infecção variaram de 0,9% até 12%. Com relação aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de infecção, ressaltam-se antibioticoprofilaxia, sexo feminino, Índice de Massa Corporal elevado e hiperglicemia perioperatória. Conclusão: a condução da revisão gerou corpo de evidências que reforça a importância na implementação de medidas efetivas para prevenção e controle de infecção de sítio cirúrgico pelos profissionais de saúde após cirurgia bariátrica, promovendo a melhoria da assistência e da segurança do paciente no perioperatório.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección de sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica. Método: revisión integradora. La búsqueda de estudios primarios se realizó en cuatro bases de datos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 investigaciones. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante herramientas propuestas por el Joanna Briggs Institute. El análisis y la síntesis de los datos se realizaron de manera descriptiva. Resultados: las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico oscilaron entre 0,4% y 7,6%, considerando los resultados de los estudios primarios, en los que los pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía mediante laparoscopia. En investigaciones con participantes que se sometieron a procedimientos quirúrgicos con diferentes enfoques (abierto, laparoscópico o robótico), las tasas de infección oscilaron entre el 0,9 % y el 12 %. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de este tipo de infección, se destacan la profilaxis antibiótica, el sexo femenino, el Índice de Masa Corporal elevado y la hiperglucemia perioperatoria. Conclusión: la realización de la revisión generó un cuerpo de evidencia que refuerza la importancia de implementar medidas efectivas para la prevención y el control de la infección de sitio quirúrgico, por parte de los profesionales de la salud, después de la cirugía bariátrica, promoviendo la mejora de la atención y la seguridad del paciente en el período perioperatorio.

ESTUDIO METAGENÓMICO DE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL EN PACIENTES CON OBESIDAD MÓRBIDA SOMETIDOS A CIRUGÍA BARIÁTRICA / METAGENOMIC STUDY OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH MORBID OBESITY UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY

Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica (CB) es un tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad, cuyo objetivo es lograr el descenso de peso, de masa grasa y alcanzar un impacto metabólico a largo plazo. Se ha observado que ciertos pacientes no responden tan efectivamente a la cirugía, teniendo un descenso de peso inefectivo o recuperando peso tardíamente, y los mecanismos por lo que esto ocurre aún no están bien caracterizados. La microbiota intestinal tiene un rol esencial en varios de los procesos metabólicos asociados a la obesidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el metagenoma intestinal de pacientes candidatos para CB y otros que fueron operados, así como también evaluar las diferencias entre aquellos pacientes que tuvieron un resultado exitoso de la CB y los que no. Material y método: Se extrajo el ADN de 200 mg de heces de pacientes que cumplen criterios de CB, divididos en 3 grupos, basal (preoperatorio), 12 meses y más de 24 meses postoperatorios, con el fin de estudiar y comparar el perfil taxonómico de las comunidades bacterianas de la microbiota intestinal. Resultados: Mientras que la riqueza específica de los grupos de estudio no presentó diferencias significativas, la diversidad beta, que considera las abundancias relativas de los miembros de las comunidades bacterianas estudiadas, evidenció una composición global significativamente diferente entre los grupos de estudio. Sin embargo, nuestro análisis no identificó taxones específicos que pudieran dar explicación a la distinta evolución postoperatoria de los pacientes. Discusión: En la estructura de las comunidades microbianas, se observaron diferencias numéricas entre los grupos en cuanto a la riqueza y abundancia de taxones así como la comparación cuanti y cualitativa. Esta última presentó significativa disimilitud. Los resultados muestran que la principal diferencia entre los grupos de estudio se basó en la abundancia relativa de los gérmenes, cuyo estudio integral podría revelar patrones más consistentes y significativos vinculados a los mecanismos de respuesta terapéutica en sujetos sometidos a CB

Introduction: Bariatric surgery (BS) is a surgical treatment of obesity, which aims to achieve weight loss, fat mass loss and achieve a long-term metabolic impact. It has been observed that certain patients do not respond as effectively to surgery, having ineffective weight loss or regaining weight late, and the mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet well characterized. The intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in several of the metabolic processes associated with obesity. The objective of our study was to characterize the intestinal metagenome of candidate patients for CB and others who underwent surgery, as well as evaluate the differences between those patients who had a successful outcome from CB and those who did not. Material and method: DNA was extracted from 200 mg of feces from patients who met the criteria for surgical indication divided into 3 groups, baseline (preoperative), 12 months and more than 24 months postoperatively, in order to analyze and compare the taxonomic profile of the bacterial communities of the intestinal microbiota. Results: While the specific richness of the study groups did not present significant differences, beta diversity, which considers the relative abundances of the members of the bacterial communities studied, showed a significantly different global composition between the study groups. Nevertheless, our study did not identify specific taxa that could explain the different postoperative evolution of the patients. Discussion: In the structure of the microbial communities, numerical differences were observed between the groups in terms of the richness and abundance of taxa as well as the quantitative and qualitative comparison. The latter evidenced significant dissimilarity. The results show that the main difference between the study groups was based on the relative abundance of the germs, whose comprehensive study could reveal more consistent and significant patterns linked to the therapeutic response mechanisms in subjects subjected to CB. Bariatric surgery (BS) is a surgical treatment of obesity, whose objective is to achieve weight loss, fat mass and achieve a longterm metabolic impact. However, it has been observed that certain patients do not respond as effectively to surgery, having ineffective weight loss or late weight regain, and the mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet well characterized. The intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in several of the metabolic processes associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to characterize the intestinal metagenome of patients who will and who underwent BS, as well as to assess the differences between those patients who had a successful BS outcome and those who did not. Our results did not identify specific taxa that could explain the different evolution of the patients. While the specific richness of the study groups did not present significant differences, the beta diversity, which considers the relative abundances of the members of the studied bacterial communities, showed a significantly different global composition between the study groups

Efecto de la cirugía bariátrica sobre calidad de vida en obesos: Una revisión sistemática global / Effect of bariatric surgery on quality of life in obese patients: A global systematic review

RESUMEN En situación de obesidad y cuando no se logra cumplir las metas del tratamiento, la cirugía bariátrica puede ser una alternativa prometedora, con efectos, a nivel físico y en el plano psicológico de la calidad de vida (CV). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la cirugía bariátrica sobre la CV en hombres y mujeres obesas entre 20 y 60 años. Se realizó una revisión sistemática (RS) con metanálisis de RS aleatorizadas, que comparan la CV en los pacientes poscirugía bariátrica. Fueron consultadas las bases de datos electrónicas Ebsco, Scopus, Pubmed y Cochrane Library. Las variables de respuesta fueron las dimensiones función física, social, mental y emocional de la CV. Se sometieron a metanálisis con R 4.2.2. Se incluyeron tres RS, de las cuales se combinaron 25 ensayos clínicos con 3-6 y 12 meses de seguimiento poscirugía bariátrica. Se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos de los puntajes en función física (1,20; IC 95%: 0,80-1,61), social (0,95; IC 95%: 0,66-1,25), mental (0,35; IC 95%: -0,21- +0,90) y emocional (0,54; IC 95%: 0,03-1,06). Los ámbitos de la CV mejoran poscirugía bariátrica en pacientes obesos.

ABSTRACT In a situation of obesity and when treatment goals are not met, bariatric surgery can be a promising alternative; with effects at the physical level as well as at the psychological level of the quality of life. This study aims to determine the effect of bariatric surgery on the quality of life in obese men and women between 20 and 60 years of age. A systematic review (SR) was carried out with meta-analysis of randomized systematic reviews, which compare the quality of life in patients after bariatric surgery. Electronic databases were consulted: Ebsco, Scopus, Pubmed and Cochrane Library. The response variables were: physical, social, mental and emotional function. They were submitted to meta-analysis, with R 4.2.2. Three SR were included, of which 25 clinical trials were combined with 3-6 and 12-month follow-up after bariatric surgery, finding statistically significant changes in physical function scores (1.20; 95% CI: 0.80-1 .61), social (0.95; 95% CI: 0.66-1.25), mental (0.35; 95% CI: -0.21- +0.90) and emotional (0.54; 95% CI: 0.03-1.06). The surroundings of the quality of life improve post bariatric surgery in obese patients.

Prescripción del ejercicio en paciente post operatorio de cirugía bariátrica 2010-2020: Revisión exploratoria

El ejercicio sigue siendo una intervención necesaria para la pérdida y mantenimiento del peso en pacientes postquirúrgicos de cirugía bariátrica. Sin embargo, los principios básicos de su prescripción luego de este tipo de intervenciones son aún controversiales en la literatura. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir los principales componentes de la prescripción del ejercicio en pacientes postquirúrgicos de cirugía bariátrica y sus beneficios asociados. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria usando las bases de datos Pubmed, PEDro, Springer, Science Direct, y Scielo. Se utilizó un algoritmo de búsqueda con los términos clave "cirugía bariátrica", "obesidad", "ejercicio", "post-quirúrgico", "prescripción del ejercicio" y "actividad física", en inglés y español. Fueron incluidos ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales publicados entre 2010-2020, donde hubo prescripción del ejercicio posterior a cirugía bariátrica. Un total de 13 estudios fueron analizados. Los parámetros recomendados incluyeron la frecuencia de 3 a 5 veces por semana, intensidad aeróbica entre el 60-85% de la FCmáx o 60-70% de VO2máx, intensidad anaeróbica entre el 60-85% de 1 repetición máxima (1RM), y duración entre 12 y 18 semanas. El ejercicio es una herramienta importante para mantener y reducir el peso, atenuar el sedentarismo y mejorar la calidad de vida en paciente postquirúrgicos de cirugía bariátrica con resultados seguros y eficaces siempre y cuando se garanticen los niveles de intensidad, frecuencia, duración, tipo y progresión sugeridos.

Exercise remains a necessary intervention for weight loss and weight maintenance in post-bariatric surgery patients. However, the basic principles of its prescription after this type of interventions are still controversial in the literature. In this context, our objective was to describe the main components of exercise prescription in post-bariatric surgery patients and its associated benefits. A scoping review was carried out using the Pubmed, PEDro, Springer, Science Direct, and Scielo databases. A search algorithm was used with the terms "bariatric surgery", "obesity", "exercise", "post-surgical", "exercise prescription" and "physical activity", in English and Spanish. Clinical trials and observational studies published between 2010-2020, where there was exercise prescription after bariatric surgery, were included. A total of13 studies were analyzed. The recommended parameters included frequency 3 to 5 times per week, aerobic intensity between 60-85% of HRmax or 60-70% of VO2max, anaerobic intensity between 60-85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and duration period between 12 and 18 weeks. Exercise is an important tool to maintain and reduce weight, attenuate sedentary lifestyle and improve quality of life in post-bariatric surgery patients with safe and effective results as long as the suggested levels of intensity, frequency, duration, type and progression are guaranteed.

Cirurgia bariátrica: complexidades e caminhos para a atenção da obesidade no SUS / Bariatric surgery: complexities and pathways to care for obesity in the SUS

RESUMO Este ensaio objetivou analisar como o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem lidado com o aumento da obesidade com indicação para cirurgia bariátrica no Brasil e apontar caminhos para a atenção à saúde integral dessa população. Fez-se um resgate do momento político-histórico de transformação epistemológica da obesidade e suas repercussões para indivíduos, sociedade, sistema de saúde e outros setores; expuseram-se alguns ataques sofridos pelo SUS, em especial os mais recentes, que afetam o já dificultoso acesso à cirurgia bariátrica; e refletiu-se sobre estratégias que buscam garantia da atenção à essa população e a sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde. Destacam-se os documentos produzidos pelo próprio Ministério da Saúde para a orientação do cuidado da obesidade, haja vista sua consonância com as evidências científicas mais atuais e sua utilização por outros países na construção de suas políticas. Ademais, reforça-se a importância do compartilhamento de responsabilidades entre todos os atores envolvidos; a regulamentação da publicidade voltada ao público que possui obesidade; o mandatório aumento de financiamento do SUS; e a utilização da avaliação em saúde de políticas, serviços e ações, para que se façam os ajustes necessários em tempo oportuno, garantindo uma melhor gestão do cuidado em saúde.

ABSTRACT This essay aims to analyze how the Unified Health System (SUS) has dealt with the increase in obesity with indication for bariatric surgery in Brazil, and to point out pathways to provide comprehensive health care for such population. There was a rescue of the political-historic moment of epistemological transformation of obesity and its repercussions for individuals, society, the health system, and other sectors; some attacks suffered by the SUS were exposed, especially the most recent ones, which affect the already difficult access to bariatric surgery; and it reflect on strategies that seek to guarantee care for that population and the sustainability of the health system. The documents produced by the Ministry of Health to guide obesity care stand out, given their consonance with the most current scientific evidence, and their use by other countries in the construction of their policies. Furthermore, it is reinforced the importance of sharing responsibilities among all the actors involved; the regulation of advertising aimed at the public with obesity; the mandatory increase in SUS funding; and the use of health evaluation of policies, services, and actions, so that the necessary adjustments are made in a timely manner and guarantee a better management of health care.

Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Incidence of Various Cancers. Narrative Review

Obesity is a global epidemic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can harm health. Its incidence is increasing alarmingly in developing countries. It is also a significant risk factor for developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, coronary disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis. Furthermore, associations have been found between obesity and the development of prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, colon, endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancer. Bariatric and metabolic surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities. This surgery can reduce general mortality by 40% at ten years due to cardiovascular outcomes, diabetes, or cancer and improve metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

La obesidad es una epidemia global, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se define como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud, su incidencia está aumentando de forma alarmante en los países en desarrollo. Asimismo, es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, enfermedad coronaria, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico y trastornos musculoesqueléticos como la osteoartritis; además, se han encontrado asociaciones entre la obesidad y el desarrollo del cáncer de próstata, hígado, vesícula biliar, riñón, colon, endometrio, mama y ovarios. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica es el tratamiento más eficaz para la obesidad mórbida y sus comorbilidades, esta cirugía puede reducir la mortalidad general en un 40% a los diez años por desenlaces cardiovasculares, diabetes o cáncer, como también mejorar enfermedades metabólicas como la diabetes tipo 2.

Seguridad y eficacia del bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot versus abordaje laparoscópico convencional / Safety and efficacy of robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus conventional laparoscopic approach

Resumen Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica se considera actualmente la opción de tratamiento más eficaz para la obesidad mórbida. El bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux sigue siendo el estándar de oro en cirugía bariátrica. El advenimiento de la robótica quirúrgica ha llevado a una reducción de algunos de los desafíos más difíciles en la laparoscopia avanzada. Objetivo: Determinar la seguridad y eficacia del bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot en comparación con el abordaje laparoscópico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que incluyo 50 pacientes con distintos grados de obesidad divididos en dos grupos de 25 cada uno. Se realizó una base de datos con las variables de acuerdo al tipo de abordaje quirúrgico (robótico y laparoscópico), registrando los días de estancia hospitalaria, sangrado, tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones, reingresos hospitalarios, complicaciones y disminución del IMC. Resultados: En el grupo laparoscópico se observó un sangrado transoperatorio de 115.8+64 mililitros, en el grupo robótico solo fue de 59.6+45.8 mililitros (p<0.001). Un tiempo quirúrgico laparoscópico de 151.8+34.6 minutos, mientras que el grupo robótico fue de 216.4+50 minutos, los pacientes permanecieron hospitalizados 4.2+2.4 días en el grupo laparoscópico, los pacientes del grupo robótico 3.4+1 días, sin diferencia significativa (p=0.077). En ambos grupos no hubo reingresos hospitalarios. En el grupo laparoscópico la disminución de IMC fue de 8.9+2.5, mientras que para el grupo robótico fue de 13.7+2.3 con significancia estadística (p<0.001). Discusión: El bypass gástrico en Y de Roux asistido por robot es más seguro y eficaz en comparación con el abordaje laparoscópico. El abordaje robótico disminuye de forma significativa el sangrado transoperatorio, disminuye los días de estancia hospitalaria (sin diferencia significativa) y reduce de forma significativa la disminución del IMC, sin aumentar los reingresos hospitalarios a 30 días ni las complicaciones.

Abstract Introduction: Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment option for morbid obesity. The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remains the gold standard in bariatric surgery. The advent of surgical robotics has led to a reduction in some of the most difficult challenges in advanced laparoscopy. Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass compared to the laparoscopic approach. Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out that included 50 patients with different degrees of obesity divided into two groups of 25 patients each. A database was created with the variables according to the type of surgical approach (robotic and laparoscopic), recording the days of hospital stay, bleeding, surgical time, complications, hospital readmissions, complications, and BMI decrease. Results: In the laparoscopic group, intraoperative bleeding of 115.8+64 milliliters was observed, in the robotic group it was only 59.6+45.8 milliliters (p<0.001). A laparoscopic surgical time of 151.8+34.6 minutes, while the robotic group was of 216.4+50 minutes, the patients remained hospitalized 4.2+2.4 days in the laparoscopic group, the patients in the robotic group 3.4+1 days, with no significant difference (p=0.077). In both groups there were no hospital readmissions. In the laparoscopic group, the decrease in BMI was 8.9+2.5, while for the robotic group it was 13.7+2.3 with statistical significance (p<0.001). Discussion: Robot-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more safe and effective compared to the laparoscopic approach. The robotic approach significantly reduces intraoperative bleeding, decreases the days of hospital stay (with no significant difference), and significantly reduces the decrease in BMI, without increasing 30-day hospital readmissions or complications.

Qualidade de vida e imagem corporal após cirurgia bariátrica e de contorno corporal / Quality of life and body image after bariatric and body contouring surgery

Introdução: A procura pela cirurgia de contorno corporal após a cirurgia bariátrica se deve em grande parte a uma insatisfação com a imagem corporal prejudicada pela flacidez e excesso de pele decorrente da grande perda ponderal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida e a imagem corporal de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica e posteriormente a cirurgia de contorno corporal em uma clínica privada. Método: Este estudo transversal comparou 4 grupos distintos de 21 pacientes cada, pareados por índice de massa corporal e idade antes de realizarem a cirurgia bariátrica. Foram divididos nos tempos antes/depois da cirurgia bariátrica e antes/depois da cirurgia de contorno corporal, formando assim os grupos A, B, C e D, respectivamente. Foi utilizado o questionário SF-36 para avaliação da qualidade de vida e a Escala de Silhuetas proposta por Kakeshita para avaliação da imagem corporal. Para o nível de significância, foi escolhido p<0,05. Resultados: Houve melhora em todos os domínios do SF-36 após a cirurgia bariátrica. Os pacientes que procuraram a cirurgia de contorno corporal apresentaram o menor valor do componente de saúde mental, com pouca alteração após a cirurgia de contorno corporal. Quase todos os grupos superestimaram a sua silhueta, exceto para o grupo de 6 meses após a cirurgia bariátrica, que se viu menor. Conclusão: Pacientes bariátricos que procuram a cirurgia de contorno corporal apresentam escores inferiores de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde mental e que permanecem menores após a cirurgia de contorno corporal. A distorção da imagem corporal e expectativas irreais podem justificar esse achado.

Introduction: The demand for body contouring surgery after bariatric surgery is largely due to dissatisfaction with body image impaired by sagging and excess skin resulting from massive weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life and body image of patients undergoing bariatric surgery and body contouring surgery in a private clinic. Method: This cross-sectional study compared 4 groups of 21 patients, matched by body mass index and age before undergoing bariatric surgery. They were divided into times before/after bariatric surgery and before/after body contouring surgery, thus forming groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The SF-36 questionnaire assessed the quality of life, and the Silhouette Scale proposed by Kakeshita to assess body image. For the significance level, p<0.05 was chosen. Results: There was an improvement in all SF-36 domains after bariatric surgery. Patients who sought body contouring surgery had the lowest mental health component value, with little change after body contouring surgery. Almost all groups overestimated their silhouette, except for the group of 6 months after bariatric surgery, which saw itself as smaller. Conclusion: Bariatric patients seeking body contouring surgery have lower mental health-related quality of life scores that remain lower after body contouring surgery.

As principais complicações em cirurgias plásticas em pacientes pós-bariátrica: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura / The main complications in plastic surgery in post-bariatric patients: An integrative review of the literature

Introdução: As intervenções cirúrgicas pós-bariátricas vêm se tornando cada vez mais frequentes e englobam a abdominoplastia, a cirurgia plástica interna da coxa, a braquioplastia e a mastopexia. Porém, devido ao caráter disabsortivo e restritivo do paciente bariátrico, esse estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as complicações advindas de procedimentos estéticos realizados nestes pacientes, expondo os fatores de risco mais associados às sequelas e levantando opções para um melhor desfecho. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de caráter qualitativo, segundo a pergunta norteadora: "Quais as principais complicações em cirurgias plásticas realizadas em pacientes bariatricados?". A busca foi realizada nas plataformas Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e PubMed. Os artigos incluídos no estudo foram analisados pelo método de conteúdo. Resultados: No total foram incluídos 6 artigos, nos quais observou-se que as principais complicações de cirurgias de contorno corporal, tais como a abdominoplastia e a braquioplastia, em pacientes bariatricados foram, principalmente, deiscência de feridas, seromas e hematomas, complicações, essas, relacionadas principalmente ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) do paciente, às suas comorbidades e ao tabagismo. Conclusão: Percebe-se, hoje, uma maior demanda pelas cirurgias plásticas reparadoras pósbariátrica, principalmente pela abdominoplastia. Consequentemente, houve, também, um aumento no número de complicações intraoperatórias, destacando-se o seroma e a deiscência de feridas. Para amenizá-las, a melhor solução é trabalhar no controle de fatores de risco pré-operatórios do paciente, tais como o IMC elevado e o tabagismo, além de comorbidades que levam à deficiência de cicatrização.

Introduction: Post-bariatric surgical interventions have become increasingly frequent, including abdominoplasty, inner thigh plastic surgery, brachioplasty, and mastopexy. However, due to bariatric patients' malabsorptive and restrictive nature, this study aims to present complications arising from aesthetic procedures performed on these patients, exposing the risk factors most associated with sequelae and raising options for a better outcome. Method: An integrative qualitative literature review was carried out according to the guiding question: "What are the main complications in plastic surgeries performed on bariatric patients?". The search was conducted on the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) and PubMed platforms. The articles included in the study were analyzed using the content method. Results: In total, 6 articles were included, in which it was observed that the main complications of body contouring surgeries, such as abdominoplasty and brachioplasty, in bariatric patients were mainly wound dehiscence, seromas and hematomas, complications, these, mainly related to the patient's body mass index (BMI), their comorbidities and smoking. Conclusion: Today, there is a greater demand for post-bariatric reconstructive plastic surgery, especially abdominoplasty. Consequently, there was also an increase in intraoperative complications, notably seroma and wound dehiscence. To alleviate them, the best solution is to work on controlling the patient's preoperative risk factors, such as high BMI and smoking, as well as comorbidities that lead to poor healing.

Cirugía bariátrica: resultados clínicos en términos de pérdida de peso y resolución de comorbilidades / Bariatric surgery: Clinical outcomes in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica es una estrategia válida de tratamiento en obesidad severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reducción de peso y la resolución de comorbilidades comparando dos técnicas quirúrgicas, baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y manga gástrica. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de tipo analítico que incluyó pacientes con obesidad grados II y III. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perioperatorias, y las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad. La reducción del peso se evaluó con el porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado, usando medianas, rangos intercuartílicos, frecuencias y proporciones. Se usaron las pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado para el análisis de grupos. Un valor de p<0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 201 pacientes. La mediana del porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso a 18 meses fue de 77,4 % para el grupo de baipás gástrico en Y de Roux vs 69,5 % para el grupo de manga gástrica (p=0,14). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron resolución o mejoría de la hipertensión arterial (76 %), diabetes mellitus (80 %), dislipidemia (73 %), apnea del sueño (79 %) y artropatías (94 %), sin diferencia significativa según la técnica quirúrgica empleada. La tasa de complicaciones mayores fue del 1,9 %. No se presentó mortalidad. La mediana de seguimiento fue 28 meses. Conclusión. El baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y la manga gástrica son procedimientos muy seguros y efectivos para la reducción del exceso de peso y la resolución de las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad

Introduction. Bariatric surgery is a valid strategy of treatment for severe obesity. The aim of this study is to evaluate weight loss and resolution of comorbidities comparing two procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Methods. Descriptive study of analytical type that included patients with obesity grades II and III. Demographic and perioperative variables were analyzed. The weight reduction was evaluated among others with the percentage of excess of body weight loss. Comorbidities associated with obesity were also analyzed. A univariate descriptive analysis was performed, using medians, interquartile ranges, frequencies, and proportions. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi squared tests were used for analysis of groups. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Median follow-up was 28 months. Results. A total of 201 patients were included in the analysis. The median percentage of excess of body weight loss at 18 months was 77.4% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group vs 69.5% for sleeve gastrectomy group (p=0.14). The majority of patients presented resolution or improvement of hypertension (76%), diabetes mellitus (80%), dyslipidemia (73%), sleep apnea (79%), and arthropathy (94%), without significant differences according to the surgical technique used. Major complication rate was 1.9%. There was not mortality. The median follow-up was 28 months. Conclusion. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy are both very safe and effective procedures for excess weight reduction and resolution of comorbidities associated with obesity

Complicaciones a corto y largo plazo de la cirugía bariátrica

La obesidad afecta sobre todo a hombres y mujeres jóvenes, tanto en países desarrollados como en vías de desarrollo. Los tratamientos farmacológicos han demostrado ser ineficaces, quedando la cirugía como única opción terapéutica. Los procedimientos bariátricos, a pesar de realizarse por cirugía mínimamente invasiva, no están libres de presentar complicaciones posoperatorias. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de realizar un análisis crítico de las complicaciones posoperatorias a corto y largo plazo de la cirugía bariátrica. Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica de reportes y series de casos, así como de revisiones bibliográficas; en idioma inglés, español y portugués, publicados desde enero de 2005 hasta a noviembre de 2022, en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas en bases de datos reconocidas. Las palabras clave empleadas fueron: cirugía laparoscópica, cirugía bariátrica y complicaciones posoperatorias. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos más realizados y de mayor aceptación son la manga gástrica y el bypass gástrico. Las principales complicaciones a corto plazo son: fuga de la anastomosis, fallo de la línea de grapas, fístulas y sangrado gastrointestinal. Las complicaciones a largo plazo están dadas por: anemia, déficit de vitaminas y minerales, estenosis de la manga gástrica, hernias internas y reganancia del peso corporal.

Obesity affects mostly young men and women, both in developed and developing countries. Pharmacological treatments have proven to be ineffective, leaving surgery as the only therapeutic option. Bariatric procedures, despite being performed by minimally invasive surgery, are not free from presenting postoperative complications. The objective of this article is to carry out a critical analysis of the short and long-term postoperative complications of bariatric surgery. A bibliographic review of case reports and series, as well as bibliographic reviews was carried out; in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published from January 2005 to November 2022, in national and international journals indexed in recognized databases. The keywords used were: laparoscopic surgery, bariatric surgery and postoperative complications. The most widely performed and widely accepted surgical procedures are the gastric sleeve and gastric bypass. The main short-term complications are: anastomotic leakage, staple line failure, fistulas and gastrointestinal bleeding. Long-term complications are given by: anemia, vitamin and mineral deficiency, gastric sleeve stenosis, internal hernias and gain of body weight.