Basic skills level of health literacy and its influencing factors in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020 / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate and analyze on the basic skills level of health literacy and its influencing factors in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, from April to November in 2020, 3 304 urban and rural permanent residents aged 15-69 years in 13 counties (cities or districts) in Fujian province were selected by stratified multistage cluster sampling and random sampling for household questionnaire survey. Based on “Health literacy of Chinese citizens—basic knowledge and skills”, the questionnaire included three aspects: basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior and basic skills. There were 50 questions in total, including 12 questions about basic skills with a total score of 16 points. A score of 13 points and above was considered as having basic skills. A total of 3 304 questionnaires were issued and reclaimed, and among which 3 250 questionnaires were valid. According to the data of the Sixth National Census in 2010 in Fujian province and the basic data collected in the monitoring process, the basic weight, no response and post-stratification adjustment of the samples were made to obtain the representative data of the province. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were applied to analyze the influencing factors of basic skill level of health literacy in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020. Results:According to the weighted data, the basic skill level of health literacy in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020 was 26.02%, and it was higher in urban area than that in rural area (35.00% vs 20.15%). It was higher in people aged 25-34 years (35.36%), people with high education level (college/undergraduate and above 47.20%), civil servants (47.49%), medical personnel (44.00%), people with chronic diseases (27.04%) and people with good health condition (31.31%), respectively (all P<0.05). Among the 12 questions on basic skills, the correct rate in 6 questions was ≥50%. The question with the highest correct rate was “The correct practices after the occurrence of severe infectious diseases in the local area” (88.2%), and the question with the lowest correct rate was “Correctly identify drugs with‘OTC’ printed on the label”(28.7%). Education level (illiterate/less literate, OR=0.036, 95% CI: 0.018-0.073; primary school, OR=0.091, 95% CI: 0.053-0.155; junior high school, OR=0.230, 95% CI: 0.148-0.357; senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=0.351, 95% CI: 0.232-0.532; college/undergraduate and above, OR=1.000) was positively correlated with the basic skill level of residents′ health literacy ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The overall level of basic health skills in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020 is relatively high, educational level is a positive correlation factor.

Application effect of simulation teaching combined with CBL mode on the practice of thoracic surgery nursing students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of simulation teaching combined with case-based learning (CBL) on the practice of thoracic surgery nursing students.Methods:Cluster sampling method was adopted to select 30 practice nurses of the thoracic surgery department of 2019 as the control group, and traditional teaching was adopted. Another 30 thoracic surgery practice nurses of 2020 were selected as the research group, and simulation teaching combined with CBL was adopted. After the training, the two groups of practice nurses were assessed on theory and basic skills, and the nurses' recognition of teaching was assessed through questionnaire surveys. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After the training of practical nurses, the research group had better performances of theoretical and basic skills tests than the control group, with significant differences ( P<0.001). The practice nurses of the research group did significantly better than those of the control group in such 8 dimensions as improving basic nursing skills, improving autonomous learning ability, improving the clinical thinking ability, enhancing our emergency response ability, improving the ability of theory combined with practice, improving training interest in learning, training team cooperation ability, cultivating the ability of doctor-patient communication and so on ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of simulation teaching and CBL applied in the practice of thoracic surgery nursing students can improve the proficiency of nurses' nursing skills and improve the quality of clinical teaching.

Application of micro-lectures combined with high simulation human in clinical skills teaching for nursing students / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of micro-lectures withadvanced simulation man in improving the practical skills teaching of nursing students, so as to promote the students' post competency. Methods Totally the 186 nursing internswere divided into control group and observation group by random number method with 93 people in each group. The control group used the traditional teaching modein the teaching of practical skills.The observation group used the micro-lectures with high simulation teaching.Comparing the two groups of nursing students comprehensive assessment test simulation results in the theory, skills, scenarios, and nursing students the evaluation of the curriculum. Results The scores of the two groups were all above the qualification line, but the scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The theoretical examinations and the situation simulation comprehensive testswas(77.89 ± 7.79), (75.60 ± 7.92)points in control group, and (93.87 ± 3.90),(92.87 ± 4.08)points in observation group, there was significant difference between two groups (t=17.67, 18.70,all P=0.000). The curriculum evaluation results of improving learning initiative, active curriculum atmosphere, clear operation demonstration, exercise clinical thinking, improve the clinical interest were 81.72％(76/93), 72.04％(67/93), 93.55％(87/93), 60.22％(56/93), 67.74％(63/93)in control group, and 96.77％(90/93), 95.70％(89/93), 100.00％(93/93), 92.47％(86/93), 98.92％(92/93)in observation group, there was significant difference between two groups(χ2=20.39, P=0.016).Conclusions The effect is significant of micro-lectures combined with high simulation of human using in clinical skills teaching. Thismold can conducive to the cultivation of clinical thinking of nursing students, and improve clinical comprehensive ability, and promote the promotion of nursing students post competency.

Current situation and improvement of cardiovascular clinical teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

There are some problems in clinical teaching of cardiovascular medicine, such as insuf-ficient attention to the "three bases" skills, not teaching trainees in accordance with their aptitude ade-quately, monotonous instructional mode, and assessment becoming a mere formality. Aiming at these prob-lems, we have explored the training methods of medical talents adapted to the modern medical model, and improved the clinical basic skills and thinking of the students and the quality of teaching through such measures as paying close attention to basic skills training, standardizing ward rounds, paying attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and reforming teaching methods and assessment modes.

Evaluación del mejoramiento de habilidades básicas para cirugía laparoscópica por medio del entrenamiento con un videojuego / Evaluation of Basic Skills Improvement for Laparoscopy by Training with a Video Game / Avaliação do melhoramento de habilidades básicas para cirurgia laparoscópica por meio do treinamento com um videojogo

Introducción: debido a las crecientes limitaciones éticas y de recursos en el entrenamiento de aprendices en cirugía mínimamente invasiva (CMI, E. G. laparoscopia) en pacientes, se pretende evaluar el efecto de la práctica continua con un videojuego en particular en el desarrollo de las habilidades fundamentales a la hora de ejecutar una de estas cirugías. Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron tres actividades esenciales (corte, sutura y coordinación mano-ojo) por realizar en simuladores laparoscópicos, con el fin de establecer si la práctica con el videojuego es efectiva en el desarrollo de las habilidades necesarias en CMI. Se evaluaron en total ocho variables de desempeño en las tres actividades seleccionadas. Con base en esto, se evaluaron catorce aprendices médicos sin experiencia en laparoscopia, divididos en dos grupos (control e intervención), antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento estandarizado con el videojuego Marblemanía® y una duración de un mes. Resultados: se evidenció que la práctica continua con el videojuego Marblemanía® mejoró todas las variables de desempeño. Estos resultados positivos fueron significativamente diferentes a favor del grupo que tuvo acceso al programa de entrenamiento con el videojuego en 3 de las 8 variables de desempeño medidas en las tres actividades seleccionadas: errores en la actividad de sutura (p = 0,003), y el tiempo de ejecución y errores en la actividad coordinación mano-ojo (p = 0,025 y 0,001, respectivamente).

Introduction: Due to the growing economical and ethical limitations in surgeons training for minimally invasive surgery (MIS, e.g. laparoscopy), this study aims at evaluating the effect of a continuous practice of a particular videogame on the development of the fundamental and specific skills needed to perform this type of procedure successfully. Materials and methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of video game practicing, three essential and common activities were chosen (cutting, suturing, and eye-hand coordination) to be performed in laparoscopic simulators. Eight different indexes or variables of performance were measured in the three activities. Fourteen voluntaries without previous experience in surgery were divided in two groups (intervention and control) and their performance was evaluated before and after a one-month standardized training program with the video game Marble Mania®. Results: A general improvement of all the performance variables was observed after one month training in the intervention group. This improvement was significant with respect to the control group in three of the eight variables: suturing errors (p = 0.003), and the execution and number of errors in the eye-hand coordination (p = 0.025 and 0.001, respectively).

Introdução: devido às crescentes limitações éticas e de recursos no treinamento de aprendizes em cirurgia minimamente invasiva (CMI, e.g. laparoscopia) em pacientes, pretende-se avaliar o efeito da prática contínua com um videojogo em particular no desenvolvimento das habilidades fundamentais na hora de executar uma destas cirurgias. Materiais e métodos: se selecionaram três atividades essenciais (corte, sutura e coordenação mão-olho), a realizar em simuladores laparoscópicos, com o fim de estabelecer se a prática com o videojogo é efetiva no desenvolvimento das habilidades necessárias em CMI. Em total, avaliaram-se oito variáveis de desempenho nas três atividades selecionadas. Com base nisso, avaliaram-se catorze aprendizes médicos sem experiência em laparoscopia, divididos em dois grupos (controles e intervenção), antes e depois de um programa de treinamento estandardizado com o videojogo Marblemanía® em uma duração de um mês. Resultados: se evidenciou que a pratica contínua com o videojogo Marblemanía® melhorou todas as variáveis de desempenho. Estes resultados positivos foram significativamente diferentes a favor do grupo que teve acesso ao programa de treinamento com o videojogo em três das oito variáveis de desempenho medidas nas três atividades selecionadas: erros na atividade de sutura (p = 0.003), o tempo de execução e erros na atividade coordenação mão-olho (p = 0.025 y 0.001, respectivamente).

Relación entre el funcionamiento de un hogar/residencia protegida para personas con trastorno mental severo, el apoyo social del cuidador y las habilidades de la vida diaria de los residentes / Relation between the functioning of sheltered housing/supported home for people with severe mental disorder, the social support of the caregiver and the daily life skills of the residents

Residential programs fulfill an important role in the overall operation of the people with severe mental disorders and they are considered promoters of the improvements observed in them. The study is aimed on determining the relation between the operation of a protected home/residence and the social support of the caregivers, with the daily life skills of the residents. Method: 122 users that reside in protected homes and residences from the Maule and Biobío Regions were interviewed, as well as 30 caregivers/monitors that worked in those places. Results: Both age and gender of the residents shows no significant relation with "skills of the overall daily life". However, a relation was found between the age of the residents and the subscale "activity and social relationships": the older the age, the lesser activity and social relationships of the users. Regarding the restrictiveness variable of the device, it was found that the lesser restrictiveness, the greater basic skills of the daily life of the residents was presented, especially in areas such as domestic and community skills. A relation between daily life skills of the residents and the perceived social support was not found. Nevertheless, a greater perception of social support, greater "activity and social relationships" of the users that reside in Protected Homes and Residences was observed. Conclusions: The restrictiveness of the device by being a relevant variable for daily life skills of the residents must be taken into account in the organization and structure of the residential programs in Chile.

Los programas residenciales cumplen un rol importante en el funcionamiento general de las personas con trastornos mentales severos y son considerados favorecedores de las mejoras observadas en ellos. El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre el funcionamiento de un hogar/residencia protegida y el apoyo social de los cuidadores, con las habilidades de la vida diaria de los residentes. Método: Fueron entrevistados 122 usuarios que viven en hogares y residencias protegidas de las regiones del Maule y Bío Bío, además de 30 cuidadores/monitores que trabajaban en el lugar. Resultados: La edad y el sexo de los residentes no muestran una relación significativa con las "habilidades de la vida diaria general". Sin embargo, se encontró relación entre la edad de los residentes y la sub escala "actividad y relaciones sociales"; a mayor edad, menor actividad y relaciones sociales de los usuarios. Respecto de la variable restrictividad del dispositivo se encontró que a menor restrictividad mayores habilidades básicas de la vida diaria en los residentes, especialmente en áreas como "habilidades domésticas" y "habilidades comunitarias". No se encontró relación entre las habilidades de la vida diaria de los residentes y el apoyo social percibido. No obstante, se vio que a mayor percepción de apoyo social, mayor "actividad y relaciones sociales" de los usuarios que viven en hogares y residencias protegidas. Conclusiones: La restrictividad del dispositivo al ser una variable relevante en las habilidades de la vida diaria de los residentes, debe ser considerada en la organización y estructura de los programas residenciales en Chile.

Exploration and practice of opening selective course of basic clinical skill / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore an effective method for enhancing basic clinical skill of students.Methods Selective course of basic clinical skill was launched for the fourth grade clinical medicine students by using simulation-based medical education (SBME).Elective courses have 21 class hours,involving 15 items of basic clinical skills in internal medicine,surgery and nursing.Training methods include preparation,explanation,demonstration,operation,group competition,examination and questionnaire.Selective course examination includes class activation and final examination,accounting for 20％ and 80％ of the final scores,respectively.Scores were classified into A (excellent),B (good) and C (moderate) levels.Scores and questionnaire data were processed by Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software and percentages of score and questionnaire feedback were calculated.Results Results suggested that the scores of 70％ students were more than 90.Results of questionnaire indicated that the basic clinical skills of 76.6％ of the students were improved a lot.79.2％ considered that it was useful for their clinical practices.Conclusion Clinical-skill course based on SBME is conducive to enhancing basic clinical skills of students.

Simulation training of laparoscopic basic skills / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Laparoscopic basic skills training is an inevitable requirement of minimally invasive surgery.Minimally invasive surgery department in the fourth affiliated hospitals of Harbin medical university launched lectures on basic theory and knowledge of laparoscopy,combined simulation training with surgery observation applied flexible teaching methods so that students can truly master the techniques of minimally invasive surgery.

A criança com deficiência institucionalizada e o ensino de habilidades básicas: um estudo de caso / The institutionalized child with disabilities and the teaching of basic skills: a case study

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as mudanças ocorridas no repertório de uma criança com deficiência, institucionalizada e em condição de abandono, ao passar por um procedimento focado no ensino de habilidades básicas. Participou da pesquisa uma menina de sete anos, com severo atraso no desenvolvimento, moradora de uma instituição residencial para pessoas com deficiência. Foi realizada uma avaliação inicial do repertório da criança (linha de base) por meio da aplicação de um protocolo de habilidades básicas, que possibilitou determinar as condutas que seriam ensinadas durante o desenvolvimento do programa de aquisição de habilidades básicas. Para verificar as mudanças no repertório comportamental da participante foram aplicadas avaliações quinzenais. Os resultados foram acompanhados por meio de um delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre comportamentos. Observou-se, a partir das avaliações quinzenais, que houve aumento na frequência dos comporta- mentos ensinados após início da implementação do programa de ensino. Tal aumento não foi observado nas demais habilidades podendo-se, portanto, afirmar que a modificação provavelmente foi devida à intervenção realizada. Pode-se concluir que a participante aprendeu as habilidades ensinadas ao passar pelo procedimento de ensino em questão, mesmo residindo em um ambiente institucional desfavorável para aprendizagem de novos comportamentos.

This case study was designed to verify changes on the behavioral repertoire occurred with a child with disability, abandoned and institutionalized, after undergoing a procedure focused on the teaching of new basic skills. The participant was a seven-year-old girl with severe developmental delay, who was living in an institution that houses people with disabilities. First, an evaluation of the initial repertoire of the child was done (baseline), by applying a protocol of basic skills, which allowed researchers to determine which conducts would be taught during the program for acquisition of basic skills. In order to verify any changes in the participant’s behavioral repertoire, evaluations were made every two weeks. The follow up of the results was done by a multiple baseline design across behaviors. The biweekly evaluations showed an increase on the frequency of the behaviors been taught through implementation of the teaching program. The increase was not observed on other behaviors, which indicates that the changes were probably a result of the intervention applied. The results showed that the participant was able to learn new basic skills, even though residing in an institutional environment which wasn’t favorable for the learning of new behaviors.

Analysis of Improvement of young teachers’teaching abilities through teaching basic skills contest / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The analysis of 3 Teaching Basic Skills Contests showed that the Teaching Basic Skills contests could boost young teachers’teaching enthusiasm,urge them to improve their own quality,enhance their training on basic skills to improve their teaching abilities.

Using standardized patients to strengthen the basic skills training in Chinese Medicine Universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In the basic skill teaching of "Diagnostics Foundation"in Chinese medicine colleges and universities, the standardized patients are used to strengthen students’ clinical basic skill,let them consolidate their theoretical knowledge and change it into their skills,which is an effective way to guarantee the students to enhance their"double-base"ability,namely the elementary theory and clinical basic skill,and their self-confidence and shorten the time from the classroom to the clinical practice running-in period.

To Be a Qualified Surgeon / 中国医学伦理学

For a qualified surgeon,a good mastery of basic medical skills is the baseline of his professional career.Besides diligent study,delicate manipulation,and constructive thinking in order to enhance his qualification,he should also pay much attention to the teamwork with his collegues,sincere treatment with his patients to build up a harmonious doctor-patient relationship,and also combine the theoretical learning and clinical practice.

Enforce the Student's Base,Cultivate Their Abilities / 微生物学通报

It is important to pay more attention to students’ basic skills training and their comprehensive abilities cultivating in microbiology experiment teaching. Explorations and reforms in enforcing the students’ base and cultivating their abilities were carried out in order to improve teaching quality and train specialized talents with high quality.

Necessity of Training on Basic Theory, Basic Knowledge and Basic Skills for Pharmacists in Outpatient Pharmacy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To improve pharmacists’ consciousness, abilities and skills on pharmaceutical services and to ensure safe and effective use of drugs in patients. METHODS: With the trainning of basic theroy, basic knowledge and basic skills for the priciple to develop technique trainning in view of pharmaceutical technicians in outpatient pharmacy, it were trained or examined by means of traditional exam and operation practice with the results analyzed. RESULTS:In the examinations of drug laws and regulations and pharmacal basic knowledge, 72.8% and 36.4% of pharmacists got excellent level respectively. In the review of prescriptions, and the use of some special drugs, pharmacists masted in sufficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The new open pharmaceutical service mode in the outpatient pharmacy calls for a higher level of expertise and skills for pharmacists, thus the training in fundamental theory, basic knowledge and essential skills are significant in our hospital.