Correlación del índice de masa corporal y grosor de tejido adiposo en glúteos / Correlation of body mass index and adipose tissue thickness in glutes

Introducción: Con el aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad, se esperaría un mayor espesor glúteo, lo que sería un factor importante en futuras intervenciones en región glútea con fines de optimizar mejores resultados estéticos. Objetivo: Correlacionar el índice de masa corporal y el grosor de tejido adiposo en glúteos en voluntarias que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño entre enero a marzo, 2023. Métodos: El estudio fue prospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se utilizó un sonógrafo Sono Eye 1 para realizar las medidas del glúteo. Mediante una báscula, se midió peso y talla, para posteriormente calcular el IMC, fueron 29 voluntarias de sexo femenino entre 18 a 60 años, sin antecedentes quirúrgicos estéticos previos. Las correlaciones fueron evaluadas con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se consideró un valor significativo si p < 0,05. Los datos fueron tabulados con STATA 17. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 39 ± 12 años. La mayoría con preobesidad (55,2 %). No hubo diferencias estadísticas en grosor de tejido adiposo, de musculo y espesor de glúteo de acuerdo a la lateralidad; de acuerdo al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, el IMC no hubo asociación con las medidas combinadas del glúteo izquierdo y derecho del grosor de tejido graso (r = 0,137), grosor muscular (r = 0,115) y espesor glúteo (r = 0,193). Conclusión: Los cambios de las medidas antropométricas de acuerdo al índice de masa corporal, no presentaron correlación estadística con el espesor glúteo. (AU)

Introduction: With the increasing prevalence of obesity, a greater gluteal thickness would be expected, which would be an important factor in future interventions in the gluteal region aimed at optimizing better aesthetic outcomes. Objective: To correlate the body mass index (BMI) and the thickness of adipose tissue in the buttocks of volunteers who attended the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service at Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño Hospital from January to March, 2023. Methods: The study was prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional. A Sono Eye 1 sonograph was used to measure the gluteal thickness. Using a scale, weight and height were measured to subsequently calculate the BMI; there were 29 female volunteers aged between 18 and 60 years, without previous aesthetic surgical history. Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A significant value was considered if p < 0.05. Data were tabulated using STATA 17. Results: The average age was 39 ± 12 years. The majority had pre-obesity (55,2%). There were no statistical differences in adipose tissue thickness, muscle thickness, and gluteal thickness according to laterality; according to Pearson's correlation coefficient, BMI was not associated with combined measurements of left and right buttock adipose tissue thickness (r = 0,137), muscle thickness (r = 0,115), and gluteal thickness (r = 0,193). Conclusion: Changes in anthropometric measurements according to body mass index did not show a statistical correlation with gluteal thickness. (AU)

Predicción de la valoración del recién nacido según el estado nutricional materno: modelo basado en árboles de decisión / Prediction of newborn assessment according to maternal nutritional status: a model based on decision trees

Objetivo: Determinar si es posible predecir la valoración del recién nacido según el estado nutricional materno a través de un modelo de árbol de decisión. Métodos: Estudio analítico transversal. Se revisaron 326 historias clínicas de gestantes de un hospital público peruano, 2021. Se valoró el recién nacido mediante el puntaje APGAR, edad gestacional al nacer, peso al nacer, peso y talla para la edad gestacional. El estado nutricional materno incluyó el índice de masa corporal pregestacional y la ganancia de peso gestacional. La predicción se realizó mediante un modelo de aprendizaje automático supervisado denominado "árbol de decisión". Resultados: No fue posible predecir mediante el estado nutricional materno, el puntaje APGAR al minuto y la talla para la edad gestacional. La probabilidad de tener edad gestacional a término al nacer es de 97,2 % cuando la ganancia de peso gestacional es > 5,4 Kg (p = 0,007). Las probabilidades más altas de peso adecuado al nacer fueron con ganancia de peso gestacional entre 4,5 Kg (p < 0,001) y 17 Kg (p < 0,001) y con índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≤ 36,523 Kg/m2 (p = 0,004). Finalmente, la mayor probabilidad de peso adecuado para la edad gestacional es cuando la ganancia de peso gestacional es ≤ 11,8 Kg (p < 0,001) y con un índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≤ 36,523 Kg/m2 (p = 0,005). Conclusiones: Es posible predecir la valoración del recién nacido a partir del estado nutricional materno mediante un aprendizaje automático(AU)

Objective: To determine whether it is possible to predict the assessment of the newborn according to maternal nutritional status through a decision tree model. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 326 medical records of pregnant women from a Peruvian public hospital were reviewed, in 2021. The newborn was assessed using the APGAR score, gestational age at birth, birth weight, weight and height for gestational age. Maternal nutritional status included pregestational body mass index and gestational weight gain. The prediction was made using a supervised machine learning model called a "decision tree." Results: The APGAR score at one minute and height for gestational age were not possible to predict by maternal nutritional status. The probability of having full-term gestational age at birth is 97.2% when gestational weight gain is > 5.4 kg (p = 0.007). The highest probabilities of adequate birth weight were with gestational weight gain between 4.5 kg (p < 0.001) and 17 kg (p < 0.001) and with pregestational body mass index ≤ 36.523 kg/m2 (p = 0.004). Finally, the highest probability of adequate weight for gestational age is when gestational weight gain is < 11.8 Kg (p < 0.001) and with a pregestational body mass index ≤ 36.523 Kg/m2 (p = 0.005). Conclusions: It is possible to predict the assessment of the newborn based on the mother's nutritional status using machine learning(AU)

Brazilian growth charts for Williams-Beuren Syndrome at ages 2 to 18 years

Abstract Objective: To develop growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age for both genders aged 2 to 18 years for Brazilian patients with Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS). Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective, and longitudinal study, data were collected from the medical records of boys and girls with a confirmed diagnosis of WBS in three large university centers in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Growth charts stratified by gender and age in years were developed using LMSchartmaker Pro software. The LMS (Lambda Mu Sigma) method was used to model the charts. The quality of the settings was checked by worm plots. Results: The first Brazilian growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age stratified by gender were constructed for WBS patients aged 2 to 18 years. Conclusion: The growth charts developed in this study can help to guide family members and to improve the health care offered by health professionals.

Association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children in a peruvian social program: a cross-sectional study / Asociación entre caries de la primera infancia y estado nutricional en niños de un programa social peruano: un estudio transversal

Introduction: Early childhood caries is still very prevalent, mainly in developing countries, and it is related to the quality of life of children due to early tooth loss. Objective: The study objective was to determine the association between dental caries and its clinical consequences on nutritional status in children of the "Vaso de Leche (Glass of Milk)'' social program, in Puno City, Peru, during the year 2020. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study; the sample consisted of 740 children between 1 and 5 years old who met the selection criteria; the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were evaluated using the PUFA index and the prevalence of caries with def-t; the nutritional status was determined by the weight and height of the child according to protocols (NTS No. 357 - MINSA /2017/ DGIESP); the data were analyzed with the SPSS-v25 program, the association between variables was evaluated with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's Rho test, considering significance at a p-value <0.05. Results: No significant relationship was found when dental caries was evaluated with the nutritional condition (p<0.05). However, when the def-t index values were related to the nutritional condition of the children, a significant difference was found (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the PUFA index (p>0.05). Conclusions: There is no association between early childhood caries and nutritional status in children aged between 3 and 5 years; however, a significant relationship was found between the values of the def-t index and the nutritional status of the children.

Introducción: La caries infantil temprana sigue siendo muy prevalente, principalmente en los países en desarrollo, y está relacionada con la calidad de vida de los niños debido a la pérdida temprana de dientes Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la caries dental y sus consecuencias clínicas sobre el estado nutricional en niños del programa social "Vaso de Leche", en la ciudad de Puno, Perú, durante el año 2020. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, estudio descriptivo-correlacional, transversal; la muestra estuvo conformada por 740 niños entre 1 y 5 años que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, se evaluaron las consecuencias clínicas de la caries dental no tratada mediante el índice PUFA y la prevalencia de caries con d-t; el estado nutricional se determinó mediante el peso y talla del niño según protocolos (NTS N°357 MINSA/2017/DGIESP; los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS-v25, la asociación entre variables se evaluó con el chi); -cuadrado, U de Mann-Whitney y Rho de Spearman, considerando significancia a un valor de p<0,05. Resultado: No se encontró relación significativa cuando se evaluó la caries dental con la condición nutricional (p<0,05). Sin embargo, cuando los valores del índice d-t se relacionaron con la condición nutricional de los niños, se encontró una diferencia significativa (p<0,05). No hubo diferencia significativa con el índice PUFA (p>0,05). Conclusión: No existe asociación entre caries de la primera infancia y el estado nutricional en niños de 3 a 5 años; sin embargo, se encontró una relación significativa entre los valores del índice d-t y el estado nutricional de los niños.

Índice de masa corporal y presión arterial en adolescentes de una zona urbana en México / Body mass index and blood pressure in adolescents from an urban area in Mexico

RESUMEN Introducción: Los cambios realizados por la pandemia de COVID-19 en las actividades de los adolescentes han afectado los aspectos recreativos debido a la limitación de contacto para evitar la propagación del virus. Esto ha contribuido a aumentar los indicadores de sobrepeso y obesidad y podría tener un impacto en las cifras de presión arterial. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de asociación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y la presión arterial sistémica en adolescentes. Métodos: La medición de la presión arterial sistémica se realizó utilizando el monitoreo de presión ambulatoria continua durante 24 horas (MAPA). La muestra consistió en 42 estudiantes de secundaria con características geográficas urbanas similares en México. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados antropométricamente para identificar características notables del grupo. Se evaluó la correlación a través de la prueba Rho de Spearman. Resultados: De los 42 participantes incluidos, el 28,5% mostró obesidad, el 21,45% presentó sobrepeso y ningún paciente tenía hipertensión. Sin embargo, el 23,8% mostró prehipertensión. Se evidenció una correlación significativa del IMC con los valores la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica de 0,390 y 0,382, respectivamente (valor de p: 0,013 y 0,015; respectivamente). Conclusión: El IMC se asoció significativamente con las cifras de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en adolescentes de un área urbana de México.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescent activities have affected recreational aspects due to limited contact to prevent virus spread. This has contributed to increased indicators of overweight and obesity and could impact blood pressure levels. Objective: To determine the degree of association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and systemic blood pressure in adolescents. Methods: Systemic blood pressure was measured using continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring over 24 hours (ABPM). The sample consisted of 42 high school students with similar urban geographic characteristics in Mexico. All participants underwent anthropometric evaluation to identify notable group characteristics. The correlation was assessed using Spearman's Rho test. Results: Of the 42 participants included, 28.5% showed obesity, 21.45% were overweight, and no patient had hypertension. However, 23.8% showed prehypertension. A significant correlation was evidenced between BMI and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, at 0.390 and 0.382, respectively (p-value: 0.013 and 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: BMI was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in adolescents from an urban area in Mexico.

Variaciones de alfa-amilasa salival relacionadas con edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal en estudiantes universitarios / Variations of salivary alpha-amylase related to age, sex and body mass index in university students

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia y dirección de la relación entre alfa-amilasa salival (AAs), edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adultos jóvenes. Métodos. Este estudio transversal se desarrolló con una muestra de 50 estudiantes de odontología de 19 a 34 años de edad, 58% mujeres y 42% hombres. Se recogieron muestras de saliva entera sin estimular en la mañana (6:30-7:30 a.m.) y en la tarde (4:00-6:00 p.m.). Los valores de AAs se determinaron mediante método cinético y se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar. Se realizaron análisis descriptivo de datos, prueba de chi-cuadrado, prueba de correlación de Pearson y prueba t de muestras pareadas. Resultados. El IMC promedio fue de 23,85 ± 3,30 kg/m2, 66% de los participantes presentó peso normal (IMC ≤ 25 kg/m2). Los niveles de AAs por la tarde (282,74 ± 59,60 U/ml) fueron mayores a los de la mañana (190,84 ± 61,80 U/ml), (t = 16,51, p < 0,0001). Los hombres mostraron niveles de AAs más altos que las mujeres (p < 0,0001). La edad no mostró asociación con los niveles de AAs. Los valores de IMC y AAs presentaron una correlación positiva (AM: r = 0,35, p = 0,0121; PM: r = 0,40, p = 0,0036). Conclusión. El nivel de actividad de AAs se puede utilizar como posible biomarcador para evaluar el IMC en relación con el sexo, especialmente en los adultos jóvenes.

Objective. To determine the presence and direction of the relationship between salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) in young adults. Methods. This cross-sectional study was developed with a sample of 50 dental students from 19 to 34 years of age, 58% women and 42% men. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected in the morning (6:30-7:30 a.m.) and in the afternoon (4:00-6:00 p.m.). sAA values were determined by the kinetic method and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Descriptive data analysis, chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and paired samples t-test were made. Results. Mean BMI was 23.85 ± 3.30 kg/m2, 66% of the participants presented normal weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2). Levels of sAA in the afternoon (282.74 ± 59.60 U/ml) were higher than those in the morning (190.84 ± 61.80 U/ml), (t = 16.51, p < 0, 0001). Men showed higher levels of sAA than women (p < 0.0001). Age did not show an association with sAA levels. BMI and AAs values presented a positive correlation (AM: r = 0,35, p = 0,0121; PM: r = 0,40, p = 0,0036). Conclusions. AAs activity level can be used as a potential biomarker to assess BMI in relation to sex, especially in young adults.

Complicaciones del embarazo en pacientes con ganancia excesiva de peso gestacional en un hospital público peruano / Pregnancy complications in patients with excessive gestational weight gain in a Peruvian public hospital, 2022

Objetivo: Determinar las características demográficas y clínicas, de embarazadas con ganancia excesiva de peso gestacional y su relación con las complicaciones maternas. Métodos: Estudio analítico, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron gestantes a término, mayores de 18 años, con fetos únicos vivos, historia clínica legible y tarjeta de atención prenatal con primer y último control, atendidas en un hospital público del Perú, entre enero ­ junio 2022. Se excluyeron pacientes con problemas mentales, y/o con fetos con malformaciones. Las variables medidas fueron: características sociodemográficas, obstétricas, ganancia de peso gestacional y complicaciones maternas. El excedente de peso gestacional se definió con el índice de masa corporal pregestacional, diferencia de peso entre primer y último control prenatal, y las pautas del Instituto de Medicina. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo y para reconocer la relación entre la ganancia de peso gestacional y los resultados maternos, se utilizó X2. El Comité Institucional de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín otorgó la aprobación del estudio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1021 gestantes en el estudio. De estas, el 49,0 % tuvo excesivo peso gestacional. 43,0 % de pacientes con peso excesivo tuvo complicaciones maternas. Se observó anemia en 7,9 % con ganancia de peso adecuada y en 4 % con excesiva ganancia de peso (p = 0,009), 0,2 % y 1,8 % de diabetes, respectivamente, (p = 0,009). Las otras complicaciones evaluadas no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Conclusión: Las pacientes con excesiva ganancia de peso en la gestación tuvieron mayor probabilidad de padecer diabetes gestacional(AU)

Objective: TTo determine the demographic and clinical characteristics, of pregnant women with excessive gestational weight gain. And determine their relationship with maternal complications. Methods: Analytical, retrospective study. Full-term pregnant women, older than 18 years and with single live fetuses, with legible clinical history and prenatal care card with first and last check-up, treated at a public hospital in Peru between January - June 2022, were included. Patients with mental problems and those with fetuses with malformations, were excluded. The variables measured were: sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric, gestational weight gain, and maternal complications. Excess gestational weight was defined using pre-pregnancy body mass index, difference in weight between the first and last prenatal check-up, and Institute of Medicine guidelines. A descriptive analysis was made and to recognize the relationship between excessive gestational weight and maternal results, the X2 test was used. The National University of San Agustín Institutional Research Ethics Committee granted approval of the study. Results: We included 1021 pregnant women in the study. Of these, 49.0% had excessive gestational weight. 43.0% of overweight patients had maternal complications. A relationship was found between excessive weight gain in pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Conclusions: Patients with excessive weight gain in pregnancy were more likely to have gestational diabetes(AU)

The Relationship of Anatomical Localizations of Hiatal Clamp and Oesophagogastric Junction with Body Mass Index / Relación entre las Localizaciones Anatómicas de la Pinza Hiatal y la Unión Esofagogástrica con el Índice de Masa Corporal

SUMMARY: In our study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between the anatomical localizations measured and the Body Mass Index (BMI) in patients scheduled for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In this study, anatomical localizations of the hiatal clamp and oesophagogastric junction in 189 female and 137 male patients who applied to the hospital with different gastrointestinal system complaints and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were investigated depending on BMI. In addition, the data were compared with the patients' complaints before EGD and the diagnoses they received after EGD. SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM Corp. Turkey) program was used for statistical analysis and p0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that the hiatal clamp distance and the distance of the oesophagogastric junction increased as the height and weight increased (p38. As a result of the study, it can be said that BMI values, hiatal clamp distance and oesophagogastric junction localizations may change in relation to height and weight.

En este estudio, buscamos revelar la relación entre las localizaciones anatómicas y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en pacientes programados para endoscopía digestiva alta. Se investigaron las localizaciones anatómicas de la pinza hiatal y la unión esofagogástrica en 189 mujeres y 137 hombres que acudieron al hospital con diferentes problemas del sistema gastrointestinal los cuales fueron sometetidos a una esofagogastro- duodenoscopia (EGD) dependiendo del IMC. Además, los datos se compararon con las quejas de los pacientes antes de la EGD y los diagnósticos que recibieron después de la EGD. Se utilizó el programa SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM Corp. Turquía) para el análisis estadístico y el valor de p0,05). Por otro lado, se determinó que la distancia de la pinza hiatal y la unión esofagogástrica aumentaba con la altura y el peso corporal (p38. Como resultado del estudio, se puede decir que los valores de IMC, la distancia de pinzamiento hiatal y las localizaciones de la unión esofagogástrica pueden cambiar en relación con la altura y el peso.

Follow up study of the association between bedroom light at night exposure and body mass index in children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between bedroom light at night (LAN) exposure and body mass index (BMI) in children at 1 year follow up, so as to provide new strategies for obesity prevention.@*Methods@#From December 2021 to May 2022, cluster random sampling was conducted, involving 648 children from two primary schools in Tianchang, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, China, to assess bedroom LAN exposure of children during sleep. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were carried out in May 2022. Multivariate linear regression was performed to analyze the correlation between bedroom LAN exposure and BMI variable quantity at 1 year follow up (May, 2023).@*Results@#The median intensity of bedroom LAN exposure during the sleep episode was [1.11(0.35,3.24)lx] in children. The proportion of the sample exposed to an average light intensity of ≥3 lx was 27.5%, while 19.0% was exposed to a LAN intensity of ≥5 lx during the sleep episode. In the multivariable linear regression, after adjusting for covariates, including sex, baseline age, sleep duration, family monthly income, and maternal education level, exposure to a 1 h-average post bedtime LAN intensity of ≥3 lx ( β=0.25, 95%CI =0.05-0.44) and LAN≥5 lx ( β=0.34, 95% CI = 0.12-0.55) was associated with a gain of 0.25 and 0.34 kg/m 2, respectively, in the children s BMI at the 1 year follow up ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#A positive correlation was found between bedroom LAN exposure and BMI variable quantity at 1 year follow up in children. Thus, reduced bedroom LAN exposure might be useful for interventions aimed at obesity prevention.

Disease Burden of Esophageal Cancer Attributable to High BMI and Death Prediction in China and the United States, 1990-2019 / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To analyze trends in the disease burden of esophageal cancer attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in the Chinese and United States populations from 1990 to 2019 and predict deaths over the next 10 years. Methods This study used Global Burden of Disease 2019 data to obtain mortality and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) data by year, gender, and age for the disease burden of esophageal cancer attributable to high BMI in China and the United States from 1990 to 2019. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to analyze long-term trends. Bayesian age–period–cohort analysis was used to predict age-standardized mortality attributable to esophageal cancer in 2020–2030. Results From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate for esophageal cancer attributable to high BMI in China increased from 1.44/105 to 1.80/105 and the age-standardized DALY rate increased from 34.17/105 to 40.79/105. From the perspective of gender, the number of deaths, DALYs, and the corresponding age-standardized rate of males in China and the United States increased from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of Chinese women showed a downward trend, decreasing by 21.36/105 and 29.71/105, respectively. Joinpoint analysis results revealed that the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in mortality attributable to esophageal cancer in the total population and men in China from 1990 to 2019 increased by 0.78% (95%CI: 0.71-0.84) and 1.52% (95%CI: 1.44-1.60), respectively, and that in females decreased by 0.88% (95%CI: −0.96-−0.80). AAPC in women in the United States rose at a slow rate of 0.07% (95%CI: 0.02-0.09). The burden of esophageal cancer deaths attributable to high BMI is predicted to continue to rise in China and the United States in 2020–2030. Conclusion The disease burden of esophageal cancer attributable to high BMI significantly increased in China from 1990 to 2019. The disease burden of esophageal cancer caused by high BMI in China is expected to increase from 2020 to 2030.

Prevalence of central obesity among the elderly with different body mass indexes in Xuhui District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight， obesity and central obesity among elderly residents in Xuhui District， and to analyze the epidemiological status of central obesity in elderly people with different body mass indexes. MethodsThe third round of health status and health service utilization monitoring data in Xuhui District was used. The information collected from questionnaire survey and physical examination were analyzed. SPSS 20.0 software was used for χ2 test， trend χ2 test and multinominal logistic regression analysis. Results5 096 survey subjects were included. The prevalence of overweight， general obesity， and central obesity in the residents aged 60 and above in Xuhui District were 34.3%， 6.5%， and 29.2%， respectively. There was gender difference in the rates of overweight， obesity， and central obesity among the residents. The overweight and central obesity rates in males were higher than those in females， while the obesity rate was lower than that in females （P<0.05）. Multinominal logistic regression analysis showed that in comparison with the normal weight non-central obesity group drinking only at party （OR=1.729， 95%CI： 1.184‒2.525）， and hypertension （OR=1.637， 95%CI： 1.305‒2.053）， were highly associated with normal weight with central obesity. Aged 60‒ years （OR=1.589， 95%CI： 1.190‒2.120）， aged 70‒ years （OR=1.763， 95%CI： 1.327‒2.342）， male （OR=1.379， 95%CI： 1.134‒1.676）， hypertension （OR=2.231， 95%CI： 1.878‒2.649）， former smokers （OR=1.437， 95%CI： 1.027‒2.011）， drinking at party only （OR=1.491， 95%CI： 1.107‒2.006）， and drinking ≥3 times per week （OR=1.611， 95%CI： 1.116‒2.325）， were highly associated with overweight combined with central obesity. Aged 60‒ years （OR=3.817， 95%CI： 2.251‒6.474）， aged 70‒ years （OR=3.084， 95%CI： 1.838‒5.175）， hypertension （OR=3.683， 95%CI： 2.753‒4.929）， diabetes （OR=2.085， 95%CI： 1.511‒2.878）， former smokers （OR=1.835， 95%CI： 1.043‒3.226）， were highly associated with compound obesity. Central obesity was found in the elderly residents with different BMI categories， and the rate of central obesity increased with the increase of BMI grade. ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight， obesity and central obesity among the elderly aged 60 years and above in Xuhui District is not optimistic. Attention should be paid to the elderly under 80 years old who are with hypertension and/or diabetes， alcohol consumption， low educational level and not doing physical exercise. Especially for the central obesity population with normal BMI， measures should be taken to prevent and intervene the occurrence of obesity and related diseases.

Disease burden of dementia attributed to high BMI in 1990–2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the changing trend of dementia disease burden attributed to high BMI in China from 1990-2019, and to provide a basis for the development of dementia prevention and control strategies. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(GBD2019)，the changes in disease burden were analyzed using indicators such as deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs) and their standardized rates. The differences between sexes and age groups were compared. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of changes in the disease burden of dementia attributable to high BMI in China. Results From 1990 to 2019, the burden of dementia disease attributed to high BMI continued to increase, with 20,300 more deaths, 404,200 more DALYs, and more than a four-fold increase in both mortality and DALYs rates. The overall burden of disease was greater for women than for men, but the rate of increase in the burden of disease was higher for men than for women. The disease burden in the age group of 80 and over was significantly higher than in other age groups. Conclusion Attention should be paid to people with high BMI, especially for the prevention and control of dementia risk in older age groups with high BMI. Active countermeasures should be taken to control the occurrence of dementia.

Characteristics of resting energy expenditure and evaluation of prediction formulas in young men with different body mass indexes / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To compare the resting energy expenditure(REE)characteristics among young men with different body mass indexes(BMI).Methods:Thirty young men[average age was(26.93± 4.16)years]were enrolled in this study.They underwent resting metabolism tests in the Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital from December 2017 to June 2021.The resting meta-bolic rate(RMR)was measured by indirect calorimetry,the body composition was measured by bioresis-tance antibody component analyzer.The REE characteristics were analyzed,and 11 predictive equations were used to estimate RMR and compared with the measured value.The differences were analyzed by paired t-test and intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC).Results:The RMR of the overall 30 young men was(1 960.17±463.11)kcal/d(1 kcal=4.186 8 kJ).Including(1 744.33±249.62)kcal/d in those with normal BMI,which was significantly lower than that in those who were overweight or obese[(2 104.06±520.32)kcal/d,P＜0.01],but the weight-corrected RMR in those with normal BMI was significantly higher than that in those who were overweight or obese[(24.02±2.61)kcal/(kg·d)vs.(19.98±4.38)kcal/(kg·d),P＜0.01].The RMR was significantly and positively correlated with body weight,adiposity,lean body mass,body surface area,and extracellular fluid in the subjects with diffe-rent BMI(all P＜0.05).The predicted values of the 11 prediction equations were not in good agreement with the measured values(all ICC＜0.75),with relatively high agreement between the pre-dicted and measured values of the World Health Organization(WHO)equation in overweight obese young men(ICC=0.547,P＜0.01).Conclusion:There were significant differences in RMR among young men with different BMI,and the RMR after weight correction should be considered for those who were overweight or obese.The consistency between the predicted values of different prediction equations and the actual measured values of RMR was relatively poor,and it is recommended to accurately measure RMR by indirect calorimetry.For overweight or obese young men,the WHO prediction equation can be considered to calculate RMR,but it is necessary to establish an RMR prediction equation applicable to different BMI populations.

Association between body mass index and chronic metabolic diseases in Chinese aged population / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To evaluate the relationship between body mass index(BMI)and chronic metabolic diseases.Methods·The elderly(≥60 years old)who were underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2014 to 2021 were studied.Their results of biochemical indicators were collected.Their height,body weight,and blood pressure were measured by trained nurses.The history of chronic metabolic diseases was collected by self-reported questionnaire.Systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg,or self-reported hypertension history was defined as hypertension.Fasting blood glucose≥7.0 mmol/L or self-reported history of diabetes was defined as diabetes.Total cholesterol≥6.2 mmol/L,triglyceride≥2.3 mmol/L,or self-reported history of dyslipidemia was defined as dyslipidemia.The relationship between BMI and hypertension,diabetes,and dyslipidemia was evaluated by using receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and binary logistic regression.Results·Data of 59 083 subjects were collected[30 807 men and 28 276 women,average age:(67.9±6.3)years old].The prevalence of hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia was 76.5%(45 219/59 083),24.1%(14 225/59 083)and 50.0%(29 544/59 083),respectively.Compared to the elderly people aged 60?74 years,those aged 75 years and above had a higher proportion of hypertension and diabetes,and a lower proportion of dyslipidemia and no metabolic abnormalities.With ROC analysis,the BMI cut-off values for hypertension,diabetes,and dyslipidemia were 24.3,23.9,and 23.9 kg/m2.The BMI cut-off values for hypertension and diabetes in elderly men were similar to those in elderly women(for hypertension:24.3 kg/m2 in elderly men vs 24.2 kg/m2 in elderly women;for diabetes:24.0 kg/m2 in elderly men vs 23.7 kg/m2 in elderly women);however,BMI cut-off value for dyslipidemia was obviously higher in elderly men than that in elderly women(24.0 kg/m2 in elderly men vs 22.5 kg/m2 in elderly women).The BMI cut-off value for chronic metabolic diseases was higher in the elderly people aged 60?74 years than that in the elderly people aged 75 years and above(24.2?24.7 kg/m2 vs 22.9?23.8 kg/m2).Conclusion·Elderly people aged 60?74 years should maintain the BMI below 24.0 kg/m2,while those aged 75 years and above should aim for the BMI below 23.0 kg/m2,so as to reduce the risk of chronic metabolic diseases.

The role of age and body mass index on cancer occurrence in a hypertensive population:a retrospective cohort study / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To analyze the combined effect of body mass index(BMI)and age with cancer occurrence among a hypertensive population in Minhang District,Shanghai.Methods Participants of this study were 212 394 hypertensive patients without cancer in Minhang District,Shanghai,registered in the electronic health information system from 2007 to 2015.Age and BMI were included as smoothing functions in the generalized additive Cox proportional risk model.The bivariate response model was constructed to visualize results using surface plots and to comprehensively analyze the association of BMI and age with the risk of cancer occurrence.Results A total of 22 141 participants developed cancer by Dec 31,2018.The association between age and the risk of cancer incidence showed an overall linear trend while the association between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence showed an overall"U"shape.BMI at about 26 kg/m2 showed the lowest risk of cancer incidence.The risk of cancer occurrence increased with increasing age in people with different BMIs.The associations between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence were different at different age groups:there was no significant association between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence in the young people(20-44 years).While in the middle-aged and older people aged over 45 years,BMI was associated with the risk of cancer incidence in a"U"shape.The lowest risk of cancer incidence was around the BMI of 26 kg/m2.Conclusion BMI among the population with hypertension should be controlled in a reasonable range,especially in the middle-aged and older population,to prevent cancer occurrence.

Predictive Value of Multiple Indicators such as Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A in Early Pregnancy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A(PAPP-A),fasting blood glucose(FPG),body mass index(BMI)and age in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)during the first trimester.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 792 pregnant women who underwent pre-natal examination and delivered in Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from December 2021 to June 2022.They were divided into GDM group(232 cases)and control group(560 cases)according to whether they had GDM.The clinical data,serum PAPP-A median multiple(PAPP-A MoM)in early pregnancy and FPG levels were compared between the two groups.The indicators with statistical significance in univariate analy-sis were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of GDM.The receiver operating curve(ROC)and area under the curve(AUC)of different indexes were plotted to compare the efficacy of GDM prediction.Results:①The age,pre pregnancy BMI,early pregnancy FPG and the proportion of assisted reproductive technology in GDM group were higher than those in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The early pregnancy PAPP-A MoM level in GDM group was lower than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age,lager pre-pregnancy BMI and lager FPG in the first trimester were in-dependent risk factors for GDM occurrence(OR＞1,P＜0.05),while an increase of PAPP-A MoM in the first tri-mester was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③ROC showed that the combination of PAPP-A MoM in early pregnancy,FPG in early pregnancy,BMI in pre-pregnancy and age had the highest AUC(0.752)when predicting GDM,with a sensitivity of 55.6％and a specificity of 84.3％.Conclusions:The combined screening of serologi-cal(PAPP-A +FPG)and clinical data(pre-pregnancy BMI +age)in early pregnancy has a high clinical application prospect and can be popularized.

Diagnostic value of ultrasonography and CT in acute appendicitis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and CT in acute appendicitis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 279 patients who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis and followed emergency surgery.Patients were divided into different subgroups based on postoperative pathological results and body mass index(BMI),and the pathological results were used as the gold standard to analyze whether there were differences in the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and CT examination for acute appendicitis.Results A total of 279 patients with confirmed acute appendicitis,with 64 cases of simple appendicitis,127 cases of suppurative appendicitis,and 88 cases of gangrenous appendicitis according to pathological classification.The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was 68.75%(44/64),73.22%(93/127),and 81.81%(72/88),respectively.The diagnostic accuracy of CT was 71.87%(46/64),82.67%(105/127),and 90.90%(80/88),respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the two examinations(P>0.05).Subgroup analysis based on patient BMI showed that there was no difference in diagnostic accuracy of the two examinations for patients with normal BMI(P>0.05),while for overweight and obese patients,the diagnostic accuracy of CT was better than that of ultrasonography,with a statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusion There is no difference in the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and CT examinations for acute appendicitis of different pathological types.But for overweight and obese acute appendicitis patients,the diagnostic accuracy of CT examination is superior to ultrasonography.

Effects of body mass index on plantar pressure / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Human plantar pressure can reflect the health status of the lower limbs and even the whole body,which is an important basis for gait analysis,and body mass index is an important influencing factor. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of body mass index on plantar pressure. METHODS:Twenty young college students from Xuzhou Medical University,including 10 males and 10 females aged 19-21 years,were selected as test subjects and divided into three groups according to the body mass index value:overweight group(body mass index>25 kg/m2,n=3),lean group(body mass index<18 kg/m2,n=4),and normal group(body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,n=13).A natural walking gait test was carried out on the three groups of subjects with a Zebris pressure distribution measurement plate to obtain the complete gait cycle parameters.The time proportion of support time phase,peak pressure,time to peak force,peak force and impulse volume were analyzed and the correlation between each parameter and the body mass index was analyzed by Person analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the other two groups,the time proportion of support time phase of subjects in the overweight group was relatively small,while the time proportion in the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period was relatively large.There was a positive correlation of the time proportion of the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period with body mass index,while there was a negative correlation between the time proportion of the arch support period and body mass index.(2)The peak pressure of the left arch and palm of the foot of the subjects of the overweight group was higher than that of the normal group,and the peak pressure of the left and right palm of the foot of the lean group was lower than that of the normal group.The peak pressure was positively correlated with the body mass index during the foot heel contact period.There was a significant positive correlation between the peak pressure of the left foot and body mass index during the arch support period as well as the peak pressure of both feet and body mass index during the forefoot extension period.(3)Plantar peak force time in the order of the gait cycle in increasing order:heel<arch<metatarsal<toe.In the foot heel contact period,the time of peak force was negatively correlated with body mass index,but they were positively correlated with each other in the forefoot extension period.In the arch support period,the time of peak force of the left arch was significantly positively correlated with body mass index.(4)Plantar peak force was mainly expressed as medial heel>toe/middle 2-4 metatarsal>lateral heel>medial and lateral metatarsal>arch;medial heel peak force was the largest,and the arch peak force was the smallest.Except for the toe of the left foot,there was a significant positive correlation between peak force and body mass index.(5)The maximum ground impulse of the lean group and the overweight group was in the foot heel contact stage,the minimum ground impulse was in the forefoot extension period,and the minimum ground impulse of the arch was in the normal group.There was a significant positive correlation between ground impulse and body mass index at different periods.(6)The results show that young people should control their body mass index,wear appropriate shoes,protect their feet and ankles,and prevent the occurrence of flat feet.

Association between obesity and osteoporosis:a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Numerous clinical studies have suggested a close relationship between obesity and osteoporosis,but whether there is a genetic causal effect between obesity and osteoporosis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between obesity and osteoporosis using summary data from a large-scale genome-wide association study(GWAS)through Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS:Obesity data were derived from summary statistics of the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits(GIANT)and the UK Biobank(UKBB).Osteoporosis data were obtained from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis(GeFOS)consortium,including two bone density phenotypes:total body bone mineral density(BMD)and heel BMD.The inverse variance-weighted method was the primary analysis,with the Mendelian randomization method based on Egger regression(MR-Egger)and weighted median method as supplementary approaches to calculate the causal association between genetic variations related to obesity and osteoporosis.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the reliability of the results.Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test.Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed through the MR-Egger intercept test.Leave-one-out analysis was performed to evaluate the potential influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on the combined inverse variance-weighted estimates. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Impact of obesity on osteoporosis:In addition to body mass index and forearm BMD,body mass index,waist-to-hip ratio,body mass index-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio,and whole-body body mass index,heel BMD,forearm BMD,lumbar spine BMD,and femoral neck BMD were causally related to each other.Further Meta-analysis revealed that obesity increased the risk of BMD(odds ratio=1.07,95%confidence interval:1.03-1.12,P<0.01).(2)Impact of osteoporosis on obesity:Apart from arm BMD and lumbar spine BMD as exposure factors showing causal relationships with obesity,other datasets indicated no causal effect between total body BMD,heel BMD,femoral neck BMD,and obesity.Additional meta-analysis demonstrated that BMD did not increase the risk of obesity(odds rate=0.99,95%confidence interval:0.98-1.01,P<0.01).There is a causal relationship between obesity and osteoporosis,suggesting that obesity may be a risk factor for osteoporosis.However,no causal association is found between osteoporosis and obesity.