Association of bull semen protein estimates and SDS-PAGE profiles on semen freezability

It is vital to identify the ejaculate with good freezability by determining the biochemical makeup of the ejaculate at the pre-freeze stage. The present study targeted to assess the use of the protein estimates and profiles at the pre-freeze stage as markers of freezability in Frieswal populations. Storing the proteins for proteomic studies is always tricky in the case of animal studies, where accessibility to liquid nitrogen is limited. Hence alternative storing approaches need to be optimized. The second part of this study examined the protein concentration and protein profiles of RNALater and frozen stored sperm cells to assess the use of RNALater preservation in sperm proteomic studies. Sperm and seminal plasma protein concentrations were quantified using Bradford assay, and total protein quantities were derived. The seminal plasma and sperm protein profiles were generated with SDS-PAGE. The protein estimates and SDS-PAGE profiles of good and poor freeze-groups were similar. Also, sperm and seminal plasma protein concentration were not correlated with the semen volume and sperm count. Even though the yield was comparatively less, the protein profiles of sperm preserved by RNALater were similar to that of frozen sperms. The present study results indicate that the protein estimates and qualitative profiles of sperm and seminal plasma proteins may not be sufficient to reveal the differences in the proteome of good and poor freezable bulls at the macro level. Hence, the protein estimates and profiles of neat semen may not be helpful for the prediction of freezability at the pre-freeze stage. Secondly, this study indicates that RNALater preservation helps store sperms for proteome analysis studies.

Toxicity evaluation of the ethanolic Jambu bol [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. and Perry] leaves extract and mechanisms underlying its antibacterial action

Aims@#Many plants and their derivatives are widely used in food manufacturing because of their biological activities. They play a significant role as food additives to control microbial growth and the occurrence of oxidation reactions. Syzygium malaccense L. is a well-known plant with biological activities such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the toxicity of the ethanolic leaves extract of S. malaccense and to study its antibacterial mode of action.@*Methodology and results@#The toxicity assessment of S. malaccense leaves extract was determined using the brine-shrimp larvae model. The action mechanisms against bacterial membrane were determined by studying the intracellular material leakage by means of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) release, crystal violet dye uptake and cellular protein leakage. The present findings proved the extract's safety as indicated by a high dose of 7.402 mg/mL for lethal concentration (LC50) against brine-shrimp larvae. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract caused a severe membrane permeability towards all the tested bacteria as indicated by the increased intracellular material leakage in a concentration-dependent manner.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The current study provides valuable information regarding the safety and antibacterial action mechanism of S. malaccense ethanolic leaves extract, thus paving the way for its utilization as a natural preservative in a wide range of food products.

Role of Light and Dark Cycle and Different Temperatures in the Regulation of Growth and Protein Expression in Oscillatoria agardhii Strain

The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii was isolated from the fresh water Mawatha lake, Jaipur and was grown in Zarrouk's medium at 25 ± 2°C, illuminated with white fluorescent light at the intensity of 2 500 lux with 12:12 h light and dark photoperiod. The effects of photoperiod and temperature on the growth and protein expression by Oscillatoria agardhii were studied under different controlled culture conditions (ALR, ALC, CLR, CLC, and NDL), measuring optical density, cell count and dry weight. Protein content was measured quantitatively by Bradford assay and qualitatively by SDS-PAGE. The densitometric analysis was also carried out for the measurement of the expression level of different proteins/peptides under different culture conditions. Maximum growth and protein content were observed in ALR condition while minimum was in the CLC. Alternate light and dark periods proved efficient as contrasting banding patterns were observed with many new unique polypeptides such as 32, 36.3, 47.9, 60.8, and 67.0 kDa, whereas, expressions of three polypeptides of 57.2, 110.1, and 117.3 kDa were inhibited in constant light cultures.

Somatization and health seeking behavior.

Background: Somatization is the state of being symptomatic which is not explained medically associated with psychological distress and health-seeking behavior and is present in at least 10% to 15% in OPD. Methods: 50 patients with long standing history of MUS were evaluated by using modified Bradford inventory. Results: Somatization was most common in younger age, female and lower socio-economical class. Feeling of weakness or lack of energy much of the time in both male and female respectively 94.7% and 96.7% are the most common symptomatic presentation in Somatization during last 2 years, although there were symptomatic differences in males and females. Severity of symptoms was higher among females. 13% of female pts had undergone hysterectomy due to persistent gynecological problems during course of illness. 82% pts had illness of more than 2 years. The mean duration of illness at the time of assessment was 6.8 years. Most of the patients had visited to multiple consultants and underwent many costly diagnostic procedures for their symptoms .Most of the patients after multiple investigations and consultations were not ready to accept psychological origin of their physical illness and continued to see next practitioner as they remained dissatisfied and distressed. One or more physical illness is the common explanation by physicians. Patients presented with somatization has an another diagnosis in significant cases like Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, alcohol use disorder. Conclusion: Somatization was common among female, but it was not uncommon in male. Patient suffering from somatization disorder has very high rate of health care utilization and they perceived themselves as severely ill and were willing to undergo multiple hospitalizations, diagnostic studies, and operations, remained dissatisfied. Need to strengthened consultation liaison between physician and psychiatrist.

Comparison of two methods of tear sampling for protein quantification by Bradford method / Comparação de dois métodos de coleta de lágrima para quantificação proteica pelo método de Bradford

The aim of this study was to compare two methods of tear sampling for protein quantification. Tear samples were collected from 29 healthy dogs (58 eyes) using Schirmer tear test (STT) strip and microcapillary tubes. The samples were frozen at -80ºC and analyzed by the Bradford method. Results were analyzed by Student's t test. The average protein concentration and standard deviation from tears collected with microcapillary tube were 4.45mg/mL ±0.35 and 4,52mg/mL ±0.29 for right and left eyes respectively. The average protein concentration and standard deviation from tears collected with Schirmer Tear Test (STT) strip were and 54.5mg/mL ±0.63 and 54.15mg/mL ±0.65 to right and left eyes respectively. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the methods. In the conditions in which this study was conducted, the average protein concentration obtained with the Bradford test from tear samples obtained by Schirmer Tear Test (STT) strip showed values higher than those obtained with microcapillary tube. It is important that concentration of tear protein pattern values should be analyzed according the method used to collect tear samples.

Compararam-se dois métodos de coleta de lágrima para quantificação proteica, utilizando-se 58 olhos de 29 cães hígidos. As amostras foram coletadas utilizando-se fitas de teste da lágrima de Schirmer (Schirmer tear test - STT) e tubos microcapilares. Após obtidas, as amostras foram congeladas a -80º C e posteriormente analisadas pelo método de Bradford. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste T de Student. A média da concentração proteica e desvio padrão das amostras obtidas com microcapilar foi de 4,45mg/mL ±0,35 e 4,52mg/mL ±0,29 para olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. Para as amostras obtidas com STT os resultados foram 4,45mg/mL ±0,35 and 4,52mg/mL ±0,29 para olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,001) foram encontradas entre os dois métodos. Nas condições em que o trabalho foi conduzido, a média da concentração proteica pelo método de Bradford das amostras obtidas através das tiras do STT foi superior à obtida com o tubo microcapilar. Os valores padrão da concentração protéica da lágrima obtida pelo método de Bradford devem ser analisados considerando-se o método de coleta da lágrima, uma vez que este interfere significativamente nos resultados obtidos.

Examination of pH Tolerance Test of Two Alkalitolerant Yeasts / 微生物学通报

The purpose of this paper is to examine the pH adaptability range of two yeasts from our laboratory,and applied turbidimetry and Bradford methods to examine growth of Trichosporon asahii XJU-1 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa XJU-1.It is shown that Trichosporon asahii XJU-1 grown between pH2.0 and pH13.0 and optimum pH is 8.0,whereas Rhodotorula mucilaginosa XJU-1 grown between pH3.0 and 12.0,optimum pH is 8.5.When turbidimetry was applied,it produced consensus results between pH4.0 and 10.0 with Bradford method.At the same time,produced senior distorted at pH