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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 71(1)dic. 2023.
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449522

Résumé

Introducción: La cuenca media del río Bogotá viene sufriendo contaminación por metales pesados debido a los vertidos industriales. Esta fuente de agua ha sido utilizada para el riego de cultivos de ciclo corto, lo que ha provocado la contaminación por metales pesados de los suelos productivos. Objetivo: Evaluar un proceso de fitorremediación con las especies de Brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) y Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) en suelos contaminados con metales pesados en Mosquera, Colombia. Métodos: El muestreo se realizó con un diseño factorial al azar: a) proporciones de cilantro/brócoli (30 cilantro/70 brócoli, 50/50, 70 cilantro/30 brócoli y dos controles de tipo monocultivo de cada especie) y b) tiempo de fitorremediación (3, 6 y 9 meses), cada tratamiento con cuatro parcelas experimentales. El suelo y el tejido vegetal se analizó mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica para determinar la concentración de los metales pesados. Resultados: Las concentraciones de metales pesados en las muestras de tejido vegetal para brócoli y cilantro mostraron valores de Cd, Pb y Cr más altos que Hg y As, respecto al control. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Cr presentaron valores significativamente más altos (P < 0.05) en suelos con cilantro y brócoli mezclados, respecto al sitio de control donde la concentración de Cd registró niveles significativamente más bajos que en los otros suelos. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Cr fueron más altas en tejidos de cilantro y en suelos con cilantro en comparación con el control. Conclusiones: La fitorremediación por medio de las especies Brassica oleracea var. itálica Plenck y Coriandrum sativum L. en proporciones 70/30 o 30/70 a suelos con pH entre 5.5 y 6.0 permiten una buena recuperación de suelos con contenidos de metales pesados en términos de concentraciones altas a cortos plazos, iniciando la biorremediación a los tres meses y finalizando cargas de disponibilidad variable a los nueve meses.


Introduction: The middle basin of the Bogotá River has been suffering from heavy metal contamination due to industrial discharges. This water source has been used to irrigate short-cycle crops, which has resulted in heavy metal contamination of productive soils. Objective: To evaluate a phytoremediation process with the plant species Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica plenck) and Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) in soils contaminated with heavy metals in Mosquera, Colombia. Methods: Sampling was performed with a randomized factorial design: a) cilantro/broccoli proportions (30 cilantro/70 broccoli, 50/50, 70 cilantro/30 broccoli and two monoculture type controls of each species) and b) phytoremediation time (3, 6 and 9 months), each treatment with four experimental plots. Soil and plant tissue were analyzed in the laboratory by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Results: The concentrations of heavy metals in plant tissue samples for broccoli and cilantro showed higher values of Cd, Pb and Cr than Hg and As, with respect to the control. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cr presented significantly higher values (P < 0.05) in soil where there was a mixed presence of cilantro and broccoli, with respect to the control site where the concentration of Cd registered significantly lower levels than in the other soils. Finally, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations were higher in cilantro tissues and in soils with cilantro compared to the control. Conclusions: Phytoremediation by means of Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck and Coriandrum sativum L. in 70/30 or 30/70 proportions in soils with pH between 5.5 and 6.0 allows a good recovery of soils with heavy metal contents in terms of high concentrations in short terms, starting bioremediation after three months and ending loads of variable availability after nine months.

2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(Supplement1): 143-155, Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355204

Résumé

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of essential oils on the control of soft rot of kale. Clove essential oil at 0.25%, lemongrass and palmarosa essential oils at 0.5%, melaleuca and orange essential oils at 0.75%, bergamot, rosemary, sage and ginger essential oils at 1% were evaluated for the in vitro inhibition of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (Pcb) and control of soft rot of kale, sprayed 72 hours before or seven hours after inoculation. Clove, citronella, bergamot, rosemary, palmarosa, sage, melaleuca, and lemongrass oils completely inhibited the growth of Pcb. Lemongrass oil (0.5%) caused 0% of disease incidence (INC), providing 100% of disease control in both periods of inoculation. Clove oil (0.25%) showed a lower INC (25%) when applied after inoculation, providing a control percentage of 71.42%. The lemongrass and clove essential oils were analyzed by GC/FID (Gas Chromatography ­ Flame Ionization Detector) and by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectrometer). The major components were eugenol (91,9%) for clove oil and citral, isometric mixture of neral (34,1%) and geranial (42,9%) for lemongrass oil. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lemongrass, clove oils and their major components (citral and eugenol, respectively) was determined by using a broth macrodilution technique, as well as they were evaluated at different concentrations on the control of soft rot of kale, sprayed according descriptions above. The MIC was 0.03125% for citral, and 0.0625 and 0.125% for lemongrass and clove oils, respectively. Eugenol didn't show MIC. Lemongrass oil at 0.125% (post-inoculation) and citral at 0.125% (pre and post-inoculation) provided the highest percentages of disease control (33.33, 50, and 100%, respectively). Clove oil at 0.125% (post-inoculation) showed better effectiveness than eugenol (0.25%), providing a percentage of disease control of 16.67%. Lemongrass and clove essential oils were the most effective in control of soft rot of kale, suggesting that these oils have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents.


O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de óleos essenciais no controle da podridão mole em couve. Os óleos essenciais de cravo a 0,25%, capim-limão e palmarosa a 0,5%, citronela, melaleuca e laranja a 0,75%, bergamota, alecrim, sálvia e gengibre a 1% foram avaliados na inibição in vitro de Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (Pcb) e controle da podridão mole em couve, pulverizados 72 horas antes ou sete horas após a inoculação. Os óleos essenciais de cravo, citronela, bergamota, alecrim, palmarosa, sálvia, melaleuca e capim-limão inibiram completamente o crescimento de Pcb. O óleo de capimlimão (0,5%) promoveu 0% de incidência (INC) da doença (percentual de controle de 100%), em ambos os períodos de inoculação. O óleo de cravo (0,25%) proporcionou menor INC (25%) quando aplicado após inoculação (percentual de controle de 71,42%). Os óleos essenciais de capim-limão e cravo foram analisados por GC/FID (cromatografia gasosa/detector por ionização de chama) e por GC/MS (cromatografia gasosa/ espectometria de massas). Os componentes majoritários foram eugenol (91,9%) no óleo de cravo e citral (neral34,1% e geranial- 42,9%) no óleo de capim-limão. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos óleos essenciais de capim-limão e cravo e de seus componentes majoritários (citral e eugenol, respectivamente) foi determinada por meio da técnica de macrodiluição em caldo, bem como foram avaliados, em diferentes concentrações, no controle da podridão mole em couve, pulverizados conforme descrito acima. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi de 0,03125% para o citral, e de 0,0625 e 0,125% para os óleos de capim-limão e cravo, respectivamente. O eugenol não apresentou CIM. O óleo de capim-limão a 0,125% (pós-inoculação) e o citral (0,125%), em ambos os períodos de inoculação, proporcionaram os maiores percentuais de controle (33,33; 50 e 100%, respectivamente). O óleo de cravo a 0,125% (pós-inoculação) mostrou maior eficiência que o eugenol (0,25%), promovendo um percentual de controle de 16,67%. Os óleos essenciais de capim-limão e cravo destacaram-se na eficiência de controle da podridão mole em couve, sugerindo que esses óleos têm potencial para serem utilizados como agentes antibacterianos.


Sujets)
Brassica/microbiologie , Huile essentielle/analyse , Pectobacterium carotovorum/pathogénicité , Plantes/microbiologie
3.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(Supplement1): 192-204, Dec. 2020. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355225

Résumé

Intercropping of vegetables in a poorly planned manner may not achieve the expected economic results, as it is an activity that requires a great technical and administrative capacity of the producer. This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of intercropping kale with coriander, lettuce, and chives in relation to monocultures. The experiment was conducted in the Center for Agri-food Science and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, in the municipality of Pombal, PB in the period from June 2014 to July 2015. Eleven treatments were tested: four polycultures, three bicultives, and four monocultures, in randomized blocks, with four replications. The productivity, total operating costs (TOC), gross and net revenue, rate of return, profitability index, and efficient land use were evaluated. The TOC values of intercropping were calculated with the prices of July 2015. In all the systems studied, the largest participation was referring to the cost hand of labor. The highest gross and net revenues were observed in the kale with lettuce in bicultive, the rate of return and profitability index was higher on lettuce in monoculture. Despite the increase in the TOCs of the intercropping in relation to the monocultures, the intercropping proved to be economically viable in terms of efficient land use, reaching values indicating a land-use efficiency of up to 50% more in polycultures and bicultives.


O cultivo de hortaliças de maneira mal planejada pode não alcançar os resultados econômicos esperados, pois é uma atividade que exige grande capacidade técnica e administrativa do produtor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica de cultivar couve, alface e cebolinha em consórcio. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no município de Pombal, PB, no período de junho de 2014 a julho de 2015. Foram testados onze tratamentos: quatro policultivos, três bicultivos e quatro monocultivos, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: produtividade; custos operacionais totais (COT); receita bruta e líquida; taxa de retorno; índice de lucratividade e uso eficiente da terra (UET). Os valores de COT do consórcio foram calculados com os preços de julho de 2015. Em todos os sistemas estudados, a maior participação foi referente ao custo mão de obra. As maiores receita bruta e líquida foram observadas na couve com alface em bicultivo, a taxa de retorno e rentabilidade índice foram maiores na alface em monocultura. Apesar do aumento nos COT'S dos consórcios em relação às monoculturas, a consorciação mostrou-se economicamente viável em termos de uso eficiente da terra, alcançando valores que indicam uma eficiência no uso da terra de até 50% a mais em policultivos e bicultivos.


Sujets)
Brassica , Lactuca , Produits agricoles/économie , Coriandrum , Ciboulette
4.
The Medical Journal of Malaysia ; : 677-684, 2020.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-829924

Résumé

@#ary phytochemical screening. The resultsshowed that the ethanolic crude extract of the leaf containhigh phytochemical activity hence B.oleraceavaracephalais rich in flavonoids, phenolic compounds, carbohydratesand phytosterols. Materials and methods: The ethanolic extract was used tosynthesise copper nanoparticles. The copper nanoparticleswere successfully synthesised from copper sulphatesolution which was identified by the colour change fromdark green colour of the extract. Thus the B.oleracea varacephala is a good source to synthesis coppernanoparticles. The synthesised copper nanoparticles werecharacterised using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)analysis. The SEM image displayed the high-densitynanoparticles synthesised by leaf extracts and that thenanoparticles were crystals in shape. Results: The copper nanoparticles (CNP) bind to the leafextract. B.oleraceavaracephalaalso has shown theantimicrobial and antioxidant activity. A comparative studywas done between ethanolic its crude extract andnanoparticles. Both extracts exhibited zone of inhibition andbetter antioxidant potential but the CuNPs shows majorzone of inhibition and showed more antioxidant activity.Anticancer activity of B.oleraceavaracephalaagainstCervical HeLa cell line was confirmed using ethanolic crudeextract and CNP. The results showed that HeLa cellsproliferation was inhibited with increasing concentration ofethanolic crude extract and copper nanoparticles. From theresults, it was seen that percentage viability of the cancercells decreased with increased concentration of the sampleswhereas cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines increased withthe increased concentration of the samples. Conclusion: Thus B.oleraceavaracephalapossessesanticancer activity against HeLa cell lines.

5.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 2398-2412, 2020.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-878496

Résumé

The E class MADS-box genes SEPALLATA (SEP)-like play critical roles in angiosperm reproductive growth, especially in floral organ differentiation. To analyze the sequence characteristics and spatio-temporal expression patterns of E-function MADS-box SEP-like genes during kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) flower development, BroaSEP1/2/3 (GenBank No. KC967957, KC967958, KC967960) homologues, three kale SEP MADS-box gene, were isolated from the kale variety 'Fourteen Line' using Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these three SEP genes had a high degree of identity with SEP1, SEP2, SEP3 from Brassica oleracea var. oleracea, Brassica rapa, Raphanus sativus and Brassica napus, respectively. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences from these genes, along with previously published subfamily members, demonstrated that these genes comprise four regions of the typical MIKC-type MADS-box proteins: the MADS domain, intervening (I) domain and keratin-like (K) domain, and the C-terminal domain SEPⅠ and SEP Ⅱ motif. The longest open reading frame deduced from the cDNA sequences of BroaSEP1, BroaSEP2, and BroaSEP3 appeared to be 801 bp, 759 bp, 753 bp in length, respectively, which encoded proteins of 266, 252, and 250 amino acids respectively. Expression analyses using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR indicate that BroaSEP1/2/3 are specifically expressed in floral buds of kale during flower development process. The expression levels of the three genes are very different at different developmental stages, also in wild type, mutant flower with increased petals, and mutant flower with decreased petals. These different patterns of gene expression maybe cause the flowers to increase or decrease the petal number.


Sujets)
Brassica/métabolisme , Fleurs/génétique , Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux , Protéines à domaine MADS/métabolisme , Phylogenèse , Protéines végétales/métabolisme
6.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(4): 2975-2986, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-886851

Résumé

ABSTRACT The intercropping is a production system that aims to provide increased yield with less environmental impact, due to greater efficiency in the use of natural resources and inputs involved in the production process. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic viability of kale and New Zealand spinach intercropping as a function of the spinach transplanting time. (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days after transplanting of the kale). The total yield (TY) and yield per harvest (YH) of the kale in intercropping did not differ from those obtained in monoculture. The spinach TY was influenced by the transplanting time, the earlier the transplanting, the higher the TY. The spinach YH was not influenced by the transplanting time, but rather by the cultivation system. In intercropping, the spinach YH was 13.5% lower than in monoculture. The intercropping was agronomically feasible, since the land use efficiency index, which was not influenced by the transplanting time, had an average value of 1.71, indicating that the intercropping produced 71% more kale and spinach than the same area in monoculture. Competitiveness coefficient, aggressiveness and yield loss values showed that kale is the dominating species and spinach is the dominated.


Sujets)
Brassica/croissance et développement , Spinacia oleracea/croissance et développement , Production végétale/méthodes , Facteurs temps , Nouvelle-Zélande
7.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(6): 963-969, June 2016. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-779835

Résumé

ABSTRACT: The increasing consumption of single-head broccoli is due to several factors, among them there are food production in minimally processing form and the existence of hybrids that adapt to various climates, in addition to the simple harvesting of this typical architecture.This study aimed to identify the most relevant plant characters of broccoli, represented by growth characters, which are determinant in the production and canopy area. The study was conducted in an experimental area in Pato Branco city, PR. The 11 characters were evaluated for 365 plants, spaced with 0.8x0.5m, on a blank experiment. The characters of group 1 (height, number of leaves, stem height, stem diameter) were evaluated on the 21 and 58 day after transplanting (DAT), and the leaf area was evaluated on the 17 and 32 DAT. The characters of group 2 were quantity of fresh head mass and canopy area. At the initial stage of cultivation, on the 17 and 21 DAT, variations in the plants characters did not lead toany variation in production. The higher number of leaves and the larger stem diameter on the 58 DAT determined the greater mass of the broccoli heads.


RESUMO: O aumento do consumo do brócolis de cabeça única é devido à produção do alimento na forma minimamente processada e ao surgimento de híbridos com adaptação a climas variados, além da facilidade de colheita com esse tipo de arquitetura. Objetivou-se identificar os caracteres de maior relevância da planta de brócolis, representadas por caracteres de crescimento, que são determinantes da produção e da área do dossel. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental no município de Pato Branco, PR. Os 11 caracteres foram avaliados em 365 plantas, espaçadas em 0,8x0,5m, sobre um experimento em branco. Os caracteres do grupo 1: altura, número de folhas, altura de caule, diâmetro de caule, foram avaliados aos 21 e aos 58 dias após o transplante (DAT); a área foliar foi avaliada aos 17 e 32 DAT. Os caracteres do grupo 2 foram: Massa da matéria fresca de cabeça e área do dossel. Nas fases iniciais da cultura, aos 17 e 21 DAT, as variações das características da planta não influenciam na variação da produção. Maior número de folhas e maior diâmetro do caule aos 58 dias após transplante determinam maior massa de cabeça de brócolis.

8.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(3): 447-463, mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-769681

Résumé

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho ótimo de parcela (Xo), por amostragem na área total e nas frações de áreas, a fim de avaliar a massa e o diâmetro de cabeças de brócolis. Em campo, foram demarcadas 27 filas do híbrido BRO 68(r). Cada planta foi considerada como sendo uma unidade experimental básica (UEB). Para fins de análise, cada fila foi considerada como sendo um ensaio em branco com 100 UEB. Para os resultados das 27 filas, obtiveram-se os valores: mínimo, máximo, média, desvio padrão, CV, intervalo de confiança, o tamanho de amostra (número de filas) para estimar o Xo e para estimar a média. O tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliar a massa e diâmetro de cabeças de brócolis é igual a cinco unidades experimentais básicas (plantas).


ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the optimum plot size by sampling the total area and the fractions' areas in order to evaluate the mass and diameter of broccoli heads. In the field, 27 rows of hybrid BRO 68(r) were demarcated. Each plant was considered as an experimental basic unit (UEB). For analysis purposes, each row was regarded as being one blank test on 100 UEB. For the results of 27 rows yielded values: minimum, maximum, average, standard deviation, CV, confidence interval, the sample size (number of rows) to estimate Xo and to estimate the mean. The optimum plot size to evaluate the mass and diameter of broccoli heads equals five basic experimental units (plants).

9.
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) ; (6): 648-653, 2014.
Article Dans Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-812220

Résumé

AIM@#The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the methanol extract of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (MEB) was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.@*METHOD@#The study was conducted on twenty-eight healthy white rabbits of either sex. All animals were equally divided into four groups. After confirmation of hyperglycemia, the animals of the treated and standard groups were administered MEB (500 mg·kg(-1)) and glibenclamide (10 mg·kg(-1)), respectively for 15 and 30 days. The animals of the normal and diabetic controls received normal saline 1 mL/day equivalent to the volume of doses given to the test and standard animals. Biochemical tests were performed at the end of dosing, i.e. the 16(th) and 31(st) days.@*RESULTS@#The MEB revealed a decrease of 106.6 mg·dL(-1) in fasting blood glucose as compared to diabetic control, which was almost comparable to glibenclamide; both of these changes were highly significant. The decrease in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein was 94.3 and 96.5 mg·dL(-1), respectively, whereas the high-density lipoprotein was increased by 26.7 mg·dL(-1), as compared to diabetic control. All of the changes in lipid profile were statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#These results suggest the potential of MEB as a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent.


Sujets)
Animaux , Femelle , Mâle , Lapins , Glycémie , Métabolisme , Brassica , Cholestérol , Sang , Diabète expérimental , Sang , Traitement médicamenteux , Hypoglycémiants , Pharmacologie , Utilisations thérapeutiques , Hypolipémiants , Pharmacologie , Utilisations thérapeutiques , Lipoprotéines , Sang , Phytothérapie , Extraits de plantes , Pharmacologie , Utilisations thérapeutiques , Triglycéride , Sang
10.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(11): 1923-1928, nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-654307

Résumé

Com o propósito de avaliar o comportamento de seis cultivares de couve-flor de verão, quanto à produção e resistência à podridão negra (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris), instalou-se um experimento em campo, em Ipameri-GO, com o delineamento experimental em blocos completos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Cada parcela experimental, de 10m², constou de 20 plantas distribuídas no espaçamento de 1,0m entre linhas e 0,5m entre plantas. Foram avaliadas as cultivares: híbridos 'Cindy', 'Sarah AF-1169', 'Sharon', 'Verona', 'Lisvera' e a variedade Piracicaba precoce. Os híbridos Verona e Sharon mostraram-se promissores para cultivo nas condições edafoclimáticas em que foram avaliados, com produtividades de 34,17 e 30,64t ha-1, respectivamente, e com moderados níveis de resistência à podridão negra. A variedade Piracicaba precoce apresentou produção inferior às dos melhores híbridos avaliados e moderada resistência à podridão negra. O híbrido Sarah não é recomendado para plantio na região de Ipameri-GO por apresentar baixa produção e baixa resistência à podridão negra.


In order to evaluate the behavior of six cultivars of cauliflower summer, as production and resistance to black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris), installed a field experiment in Ipameri-GO, with the experimental in randomized complete blocks with six treatments and four replications. Each plot of 10m², consisting of 20 plants distributed at a spacing of 1.0m between rows and 0.5m between plants. We evaluated the cultivars: hybrids 'Cindy', 'Sarah AF-1169', 'Sharon', 'Verona', 'Lisvera' and the variety Piracicaba precoce. Hybrids Verona and Sharon proved promising for cultivation in the environmental conditions that were evaluated, with yields of 34.17 and 30.64t ha-1 respectively, and moderate levels of resistance to black rot. The variety Piracicaba precoce showed lower production of the best hybrids and moderate resistance to black rot. The hybrid Sarah is not recommended for planting in the region of Ipameri-GO due to its low production and low resistance to black rot.

11.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 55(3): 454-456, July-Sept. 2011. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-602246

Résumé

Mortality of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) by parasitoids in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) larvae cause severe economic damage on cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. variety capitata (Brassicaceae), in the horticultural fields in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Overuse of broad spectrum insecticides affects the action of natural enemies of this insect on cabbage. The objectives of this work were to identify the parasitoids of P. xylostella and to determine their influence on larva and pupa mortality. Weekly collections of larvae and pupae were randomly conducted in cabbage crops during spring 2006 and 2007. The immature forms collected were classified according to their developmental stage: L1 and L2 (Ls = small larvae), L3 (Lm = medium larvae), L4 (Ll = large larvae), pre-pupae and pupae (P). Each individual was observed daily in the laboratory until the adult pest or parasitoid emergence. We identified parasitoids, the number of instar and the percentage of mortality of P. xylostella for each species of parasitoid. Parasitoids recorded were: Diadegma insulare (Cresson, 1875) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov, 1912) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov, 1912) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and an unidentified species of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Besides parasitoids, an unidentified entomopathogenic fungus was also recorded in 2006 and 2007. In 2006, the most successful parasitoids were D. insulare and O. sokolowskii, while in 2007 only D. insulare exerted a satisfactory control and it attacked the early instars of the pest.


Mortalidade de Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) por parasitóides na Província de Santa Fé, Argentina. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) causa danos econômicos severos em repolho, Brassica oleracea variedade capitata L. (Brassicaceae), na área de horticultura localizada na Província de Santa Fé, Argentina. O uso excessivo de inseticidas de largo espectro afeta a ação dos inimigos naturais de P. xylostella em repolho. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os parasitóides de P. xylostella e determinar sua influência na mortalidade de larvas e pupas em Santa Fé, Argentina. Coletas semanais de larvas e pupas em culturas de repolho foram realizadas aleatoriamente na área durante a primavera de 2006 e 2007, registradas pelo estágio de desenvolvimento: L1 e L2 (Ls = larvas pequenas), (Lm = larvas médias) L3, L4 (Ll = larvas grandes) pré-pupa e pupa (P). Cada indivíduo foi observado diariamente no laboratório até a emergência dos adultos da praga ou dos parasitóides. Foram identificadas as espécies de parasitóides o número de instars e a porcentagem de mortalidade. Os parasitóides registrados foram: Diadegma insulare (Cresson, 1875) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov, 1912) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov, 1912) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) e uma espécie não identificada pertencente à família Chalcididae. Além dos parasitóides, um fungo entomopatogênico não identificado foi registrado. Em 2006, os parasitóides mais bem sucedidos foram D. insulare e O. Sokolowskii; enquanto que em 2007 apenas D. insulare exerceu um controle satisfatório, atacando os instares iniciais da praga.

12.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 14(3): 11-11, May 2011. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-602988

Résumé

The genetic diversity of 20 cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, including sub.var. alba and rubra) cultivars and landraces from the Gene bank of Crop Research Institute was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker technology. Two cultivars of Brassica pekinensis (syn. Brassica rapa var. pekinensis) were used as outliers in the study. Thirty AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 1084 fragments. A total of 806 fragments, 364 (45 percent) of them polymorphic, were found across 20 Brassica oleracea var. capitata accessions. The accessions were clustered into two main groups. Special subgroups, reflecting place of origin, were observed within these groups. Ten selective primer pairs were found to be most informative because each of these uniquely identified all of the accessions used. Furthermore, two accessions of Brassica pekinensis were clearly differentiated from the Brassica oleracea var. capitata accessions. AFLP is an efficient tool for determination of genetic diversity of cabbage gene bank accessions.


Sujets)
Analyse de polymorphisme de longueur de fragments amplifiés , Brassica/génétique , Variation génétique , Marqueurs génétiques
13.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 27(1): 88-94, jan./fev. 2011. tab, graf
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-911741

Résumé

Com o objetivo de avaliar a curva de crescimento e o acúmulo de matéria seca na couve-flor 'Verona' cultivada em substrato comercial para hortaliças Plantmax® um experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos, cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída por uma planta. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas épocas de amostragem (20; 30; 40; 50; 60 e 70 dias após o transplante). Avaliou-se a altura das plantas, o número de folhas, o diâmetro do caule, a área foliar, a matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e planta inteira e massa fresca da inflorescência. Além disso, calculou-se a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) das folhas, caules, raízes, inflorescências e planta inteira, apresentada em gramas dia-1 planta-1. O híbrido Verona apresentou crescimento inicial lento, intensificandose a partir dos 30 dias após o transplante. O máximo acúmulo de massa seca total por planta foi de 87g aos 70 DAT, sendo a participação das folhas de 53,8%, caule de 9,9%, inflorescência de 30,7% e das raízes 6,5%. O cultivo de couve-flor 'Verona' em substrato Plantmax® apresentou alto acúmulo de matéria seca da inflorescência.


Aiming to evaluate the curve of growth and dry matter accumulation in cauliflower cv. Verona in commercial substrate for vegetables Plantmax ®, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments, five replicates, each plot had a plan. The treatments consisted of sampling times (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after transplantation). Evaluations of plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of shoot, root and whole plant, and fresh weight of the inflorescence. Furthermore, calculated the relative growth rate (RGR) of leaves, stems, roots, flowers and whole plant, presented in g day-1 plant-1.The hybrid of cauliflower 'Verona' shows initial slow growth, stepping up from 30 days after transplantation. The maximum accumulation of dry matter per plant was 87g at 70 DAT, with the participation of sheets of 53.8%, stem 9.9%, 30.7% of inflorescence and root 6.5%. The cultivation cauliflower Verona in substrate showed high accumulation of dry Inflorescence.


Sujets)
Brassica , Techniques de culture , Amélioration des plantes , Substrats pour Traitement Biologique
14.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 34(3): 596-602, maio-jun. 2010. graf
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-547761

Résumé

Em razão da escassez de informações relacionadas ao efeito da adubação na produção e qualidade de sementes de hortaliças, principalmente nas espécies que possuem aumento no ciclo com o estádio reprodutivo, nota-se a necessidade de determinar a dose dos nutrientes para auxiliar na recomendação que proporcione uma produção de sementes com elevado potencial fisiológico. Embora existam estudos sobre nutrição e recomendações de adubação para o cultivo comercial de brócolis (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenk), raramente se encontram trabalhos que abordem os efeitos dos nutrientes na produção e qualidade de sementes. Em vista disso, neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência do composto orgânico na produção e qualidade de sementes de brócolis. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda São Manuel e as avaliações foram feitas no Setor de Horticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP) emBotucatu-SP. Os tratamentos foram quatro doses de composto orgânico (30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1), além da testemunha sem composto orgânico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características de produção em massa (g) e número de sementes por planta; além das características relacionadas com a qualidade das sementes: massa de mil sementes, teste de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e condutividade elétrica. A análise de regressão apresentou uma resposta linear em função das doses de composto, onde maiores doses resultaram em maior produção, sem, no entanto, afetar a qualidade das sementes.


Due to the lack of information about the fertilization effect in vegetable seed yield and quality, mainly in the species that have an increase in cycle due to reproductive stage, it is necessary to evaluate the nutrient level to aid in recommending fertilization that provides best productivity from high physiological potential seeds. Although there are studies about nutrition and recommendation of fertilization to broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenk), rarely it finds out works that approach the nutrients effects in seed yield and quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the organic compost influence in broccoli seed quality and yield. The experiment was lead at São Manuel Experimental Farm and the evaluations at Horticulture Sector in Agronomic Science School (FCA/UNESP) in Botucatu. The treatments were four organic compost levels (30, 60, 90 and 120 t ha-1), and control without organic compost. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The characteristics evaluated were seed yield and number of seed per plant further the characteristics related with seed quality: one thousand seed mass, germination test, first germination counting, index of germination speed and electrical conductivity. The regression showed a linear response in function of organic compost levels, where larger levels resulted higher yield despite the seed quality is not affected.

15.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 33(6): 1477-1485, nov.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-538348

Résumé

A incidência de hastes ocas em brócolis (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) depende de vários fatores que afetam a absorção e o transporte de B, elemento responsável pelo aparecimento dessa desordem fisiológica. O trabalho avaliou os efeitos de quatro níveis de nitrogênio e dois níveis de boro e da interação entre eles na incidência de hastes ocas e na produção de brócolis. As doses de N (100, 150, 200 e 250 kg ha-1) foram divididas em quatro aplicações iguais aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o transplante. O boro (0, 4 e 8 kg ha-1) foi aplicado metade no plantio e a outra metade em cobertura aos 45 dias após o transplante. A massa média das inflorescências e a produção total foram diminuídas com a aplicação de B em função do crescimento mais lento das plantas provocado pela toxicidade desse elemento. Contudo, nas áreas não adubadas com B, a porcentagem de plantas com hastes ocas foi, em média, de 44,14 por cento, sendo que a incidência dessa anomalia sofreu drástica redução com a aplicação de B, onde a maior dose (8 kg ha-1) resultou em apenas 4,52 por cento de inflorescências afetadas. Doses de N superiores a 215,4 kg ha-1 aumentaram o número de plantas com hastes ocas somente nas áreas que não receberam B.


The incidence of hollow stem in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) depends on several factors that affect the absorption and transport of boron, which is the element responsible for the appearance of this physiological disorder. This study evaluated the effects of four levels of nitrogen and two levels of boron and the interaction between them in the incidence of hollow stem and yield of broccoli. The levels of N (100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1) were divided into four applications equal to 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after transplant. Half of the boron (0, 4 and 8 kg ha-1) was applied at planting and half in coverage at 45 days after transplanting. Average mass and total yield were reduced with B application, as a result of the slower growth of plants, having been caused by the onset of symptoms of toxicity of this element. However, in areas not fertilized with B, the percentage of plants with hollow stems was on average 44.14 percent, while the incidence of this anomaly suffered drastic reduction in B application, where the highest level (8 kg ha-1) resulted in only 4.52 percent of affected inflorescences. Levels of more than 215.4 kg ha-1 of N have increased the number of plants with hollow stems only in areas that did not receive B.

16.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 33(1): 305-312, jan.-fev. 2009. tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-507986

Résumé

Realizou-se, o trabalho na UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a rentabilidade das culturas de alface, rabanete, rúcula e repolho, em cultivo solteiro e consorciadas com pimentão. A determinação dos custos de produção das culturas em cultivo solteiro e em consórcio foi realizada com base na metodologia do custo operacional total (COT), com valores referentes a março de 2005. Para o cálculo da receita bruta, considerou-se o preço do setor atacadista, CEAGESP, no mês de março de 2005. Os COT das culturas de repolho, rúcula, alface e rabanete, quando consorciadas com pimentão, tiveram redução de 34,0 por cento, 24,7 por cento, 21,3 por cento e 20,8 por cento em relação aos seus respectivos cultivos solteiros. As culturas de alface e rabanete consorciadas com pimentão apresentaram aumento na receita líquida em 49,6 por cento e 13,9 por cento, respectivamente, quando comparadas com seus cultivos solteiros. A maior rentabilidade foi obtida em consórcio de pimentão com alface. A taxa de retorno e índice de lucratividade dos consórcios foram superiores aos observados nas monoculturas.


This work was carried out at UNESP, in Jaboticabal, SP, with the aim of evaluating the production cost and profitability of lettuce, radish, arugula and cabbage sole crop and intercropped with sweet pepper. The determination of the production cost was accomplished with base on the methodology of the total operational cost (TOC), in March of 2005. For the calculation of the gross revenue, the price of the wholesale sector, CEAGESP, applied in March 2005, was considered,. The TOC of the cultures cabbage, arugula, lettuce and radish when intercropped with sweet pepper had a reduction of 34.0 percent, 24.7 percent, 21.3 percent and 20.8 percent, when compared to their respective single cultivation. The cultures of lettuce and radish intercropped with sweet pepper had net revenue increase of 49.6 percent and 13.9 percent, respectively, when compared to their single cultivation. The largest profitability was obtained when sweet pepper was intercropped with lettuce. The return rate and the profitability index of the intercropping were higher than those of the single cultivation.

17.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 32(5): 1428-1434, set.-out. 2008. ilus, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-496987

Résumé

A utilização de composto orgânico na produção de olerícolas resulta em efeitos diversos e complexos. Embora seja crescente a pesquisa voltada para a produção orgânica de olerícolas, os efeitos do composto orgânico sobre o crescimento e a produção dessas culturas são ainda pouco conhecidos cientificamente. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento e a produção de brócolis cultivado com composto orgânico e determinar a variável não destrutiva com maior correlação com o acúmulo de matéria seca. O experimento foi conduzido em Viçosa, MG (20º 45' sul 42º 51' oeste). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições em parcelas subdivididas no tempo para as variáveis de crescimento. Os tratamentos consistiram em doses de composto orgânico: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 t ha-1 em base de massa seca, fornecidos à cultura do brócolis híbrido 'Domador'. A maior produção, 564 g planta-1, correspondente a 12,53 t ha-1, foi obtida com a dose de 25 t ha-1 de composto. A área do dossel foi a variável de maior correlação com o rendimento comercial e com o acúmulo de massa seca, sendo a mais indicada para a avaliação do crescimento por método não destrutivo. O período inicial de maior acúmulo de massa seca varia com as doses de composto, sendo que na dose de 25 t ha-1 ,este período ocorreu entre 28 e 56 dias após o transplantio. As mais altas taxas de crescimento relativo foram verificadas entre a segunda e a quarta semana após o transplante.


The use of organic compost on vegetable crops production results in complex and diverse effects. Although the research on organic vegetable production has been increasing, the effects of organic compost on the growth and yield of these crops are still poorly scientifically known. This work aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of broccoli grown on organic compost, besides determining the non-destructive parameter with higher correlation to dry mass accumulation. The experiment was carried out in Viçosa, MG (20º 45' S 42º 51' W). The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replicates in split-plot (time) design for growth parameters. The treatments consisted of doses of organic compost: 5, 10 15 20 and 25 t ha-1 on a dry matter basis, supllied to hybrid "domador". The highest broccoli yield, 564 g plant-1, corresponds to 12,53 t ha-1, and was obtained with the 25 t ha-1 compost dose. Canopy area presented the highest correlation with both commercial yield and dry mass accumulation and it is the best non-destructive parameter for growth evaluation. The initial period of higher dry mass accumulation varies according to the compost dose, So that the 25 t ha-1 dose, this period was between 28 and 56 days after transplant. The highest relative growth rates happened between the second and fourth week after transplant.

18.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 32(4): 1195-1202, jul.-ago. 2008. graf, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-489956

Résumé

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar a produção de flores da capuchinha e das " cabeças" do repolho, cultivadas como culturas solteiras e consorciadas. Foi estudada a capuchinha 'Jewel' (Ca), em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com os repolhos de folhas verdes 'Sooshu' (RV) ou roxas 'Red Extra Early' (RR), sob duas (2) ou três (3) fileiras de plantas no canteiro. Os dez tratamentos resultantes (Ca2, Ca3, RV2, RV3, RR2, RR3, Ca2RV3, Ca3RV2, Ca2RR3, Ca3RR2) foram arranjados no delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As colheitas das flores da capuchinha foram efetuadas entre 30 e 155 dias após o transplante (DAT) e as das " cabeças" dos repolhos, entre 102 e 140 DAT. O maior número de flores e a maior massa fresca das flores da capuchinha foi em cultivo solteiro (12.022.220 ha-1 e 8,20 t ha-1, respectivamente). No consórcio, os maiores valores foram com o repolho roxo (7.555.560 ha-1 e 5,04 t ha-1, respectivamente). As produções médias de massas fresca das " cabeças" do repolho com folhas verdes em cultivo solteiro e consorciado foram de 33,78 e 35,76 t ha-1 e do repolho roxo foram de 23,19 e 19,50 t ha-1, respectivamente. O cálculo da razão de área equivalente foi de 1,56 (Ca2RV3), 1,33 (Ca3RV2), 1,30 (Ca2RR3) e 1,45 (Ca3RR2), indicando ser viável cultivar em consórcio. Considerando a renda bruta, pode-se concluir que o consórcio da capuchinha e do repolho foi viável para o produtor de repolho, devendo optar-se pelo arranjo Ca2RV3. O produtor de capuchinha deve optar pelo cultivo solteiro, com duas fileiras no canteiro.


This work has as aim to study yield of nasturtium flowers and of cabbage 'heads' that were cultivated as monocrops and intercrops. 'Jewel' nasturtium (Ca) was studied in monocrop and intercropped with 'Sooshu' green leaves (RV) or 'Red Extra Early' purple leaves (RR) cabbages, under two (2) or three (3) rows of plants per plot. The ten resultant treatments (Ca2, Ca3, RV2, RV3, RR2, RR3, Ca2RV3, Ca3RV2, Ca2RR3, Ca3RR2) were arranged in a randomized block experimental outline, with three replications. Harvests of nasturtium flowers were between 30 and 155 days after transplant (DAT) and the ones of cabbages between 102 and 140 DAT. The highest number and the greatest fresh mass of nasturtium flowers (12,022,220 ha-1 and 8.20 t ha-1, respectively) were obtained from monocrop system. For intercropping, the highest values were with purple cabbage (7,555,560 ha-1 and 5.04 t ha-1, respectively. Average yields of fresh mass of cabbage plants of green leaves in monocrop system and intercropped were of 33.78 and 35.76 t ha-1 and of plants with purple leaves were of 23.19 and 19.50 t ha-1, respectively. Land Equivalent Ratios were 1.56 (Ca2RV3), 1.33 (Ca3RV2), 1.30 (Ca2RR3) and 1.45 (Ca3RR2), what indicates that is viable to cultivate in monocrop system. Considering the gross income one may conclude that the intercrop of nasturtium and cabbage was viable for cabbage producer, who must opt for the Ca3RR2 arrangement. For nasturtium producer, the monocrop system with two rows per plot was the best.

19.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 32(1): 110-114, jan.-fev. 2008. graf, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-479105

Résumé

O experimento foi realizado de março a agosto de 2005, na FCA/UNESP em São Manuel (SP) e objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar os efeitos dos tipos de bandeja de poliestireno expandido com 128 e 200 células e das idades das mudas de 32, 39, 46 e 53 dias após a semeadura no transplantio sobre a produção de couve-brócolo 'Legacy'. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições. Foram avaliados, por ocasião da colheita, a massa e o diâmetro da "cabeça" e o número de folhas por planta. Observou-se que os tipos de bandejas e as idades das mudas não influenciaram a massa e o diâmetro da "cabeça", bem como o número de folhas por planta.


The experiment was carried out from March to August 2005, at FCA/UNESP in São Manuel, São Paulo State. The purpose of the present research was to study the effects of type of extended polystyrene trays with 128 and 200 cells and seedling ages of 32, 39, 46 and 53 days after sowing at transplanting in the production of broccoli 'Legacy'. The experimental outline was in randomized blocks, with eight replications. Head weight and diameter and leave number per plant were evaluated. It was observed that container type and seedlings age didn't influence the head weight and diameter and the leave number per plant.

20.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 16(3): 345-349, jul.-set. 2006. graf, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-571001

Résumé

This work evaluates the use of cabbage leaves, Brassica oleracea var acephala (Cruciferae family) to stabilize bone mass in 13 menopausal women. The mature leaves were used after removal of the midrib and petiole and taken as a juice and given to the patient once a day for 24 months. Densitometric exams were performed every six months. The measurement points were the Trocanter and Ward's triangle. According to the results found, the use of cabbage leaf juice results in bone mass stabilization at the points studied, with perspectives for its use as an important option in disease prevention.


Neste trabalho foi avaliado a utilização da folha da couve Brassica oleracea variedade acephala, pertencente à família Cruciferae, para estabilizar a massa óssea em 13 mulheres após a menopausa. As folhas da couve foram usadas após retirar a nervura principal e o peciolo, na forma de suco de uma folha ao dia, durante 24 meses. Foi realizado a cada seis meses o exame de densitometria óssea para avaliar os resultados. Os locais de medição foram o trocanter e o triângulo de Ward. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, podemos concluir que o uso da folha da couve foi capaz de estabilizar a massa óssea nos sítios estudados, com perspectivas do seu uso também como opção importante para prevenção da doença.

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