Mesotelioma maligno en Colombia: carga de enfermedad, panorama general e índice sociodemográfico subnacional, 2015-2020 / Malignant mesothelioma in Colombia: burden of disease, overview, and subnational sociodemographic index, 2015-2020 / Mesotelioma maligno na Colômbia: carga de morbidade, visão geral e índice sociodemográfico subnacional, entre 2015 e 2020

RESUMEN Objetivo. Establecer la carga de enfermedad por mesotelioma maligno (MM) en Colombia entre 2015 y 2020 y su asociación con el índice sociodemográfico (SDI) subnacional y las localizaciones de asbesto. Métodos. Estudio ecológico mixto en la población colombiana con diagnóstico de MM según la CIE-10 durante 2015 a 2020. La carga global de enfermedad (GBD, por su sigla en inglés) se estimó por medio de la metodología propuesta de Murray y López a partir de la prevalencia y mortalidad obtenida de fuentes oficiales. Se estimó el SDI (por su sigla en inglés) subnacional (nivel departamental) como medida de desarrollo socioeconómico y se establecieron regresiones lineales con la GBD, el SDI y las localizaciones documentadas de asbesto. Resultados. La GBD estimada por MM en Colombia durante 2015-2020 fue de 51,71 años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) por cada 1 000 000 de habitantes (15 375,79 AVAD totales), con predominio en personas mayores de 50 años (91,1%) y de sexo masculino (66,4%). A nivel departamental, Bogotá y Valle del Cauca presentaron la mayor cantidad de AVAD ajustados; mientras que Bogotá tuvo el SDI más alto, y Guainía y Cesar el más bajo. Se evidenció una asociación entre los AVAD y el SDI, donde este último explicó 22,8% de los casos de AVAD. Conclusión. El MM es causa de una gran cantidad de AVAD, con predominio en los departamentos con mayor desarrollo socioeconómico, y con presencia de empresas que solían utilizar asbesto; no obstante, el posible subdiagnóstico de MM limita el análisis de la información.

ABSTRACT Objective. Establish the disease burden of malignant mesothelioma (MM) in Colombia between 2015 and 2020, and its association with the subnational sociodemographic development index (SDI) and with asbestos sites. Methods. Mixed ecological study of the Colombian population diagnosed with MM (according to ICD-10) from 2015 to 2020. The global burden of disease (GBD) was estimated using the methodology proposed by Murray and Lopez, based on prevalence and mortality data obtained from official sources. The subnational (departmental level) SDI was estimated as a measure of socioeconomic development. Linear regressions were established with the GBD, SDI, and documented asbestos sites. Results. The estimated GBD of MM in Colombia during 2015-2020 was 51.71 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1 000 000 inhabitants (15 375.79 total DALYs), with predominance in people over 50 years of age (91.1%) and males (66.4%). Bogotá and Valle del Cauca were the departments with the highest number of adjusted DALYs. Bogotá had the highest SDI and Guainía and Cesar had the lowest. There was evidence of an association between DALYs and SDI, explaining 22.8% of DALYs. Conclusion. Malignant mesothelioma is the cause of a large number of DALYs, predominantly in the departments with greater socioeconomic development and with companies that used to use asbestos. However, possible underdiagnosis of MM limits analysis of the information.

RESUMO Objetivo. Estabelecer o ônus da doença por mesotelioma maligno (MM) na Colômbia entre 2015 e 2020 e sua associação ao índice sociodemográfico subnacional (ISS) e locais de amianto. Métodos. Estudo ecológico misto na população colombiana diagnosticada com MM, de acordo com a CID-10 durante 2015 a 2020. A carga global da doença (CGD) foi estimada usando a metodologia proposta por Murray e López com base na prevalência e na mortalidade obtidas de fontes oficiais. O SDI subnacional (nível departamental) foi estimado como uma medida de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e foram estabelecidas regressões lineares com CGD, SDI e localizações documentadas de amianto. Resultados. A estimativa de CGD por MM na Colômbia entre 2015-2020 foi de 51,71 anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (AVAI) por 1 000 000 de habitantes (15 375,79 AVAI totais), com predominância em pessoas com mais de 50 anos (91,1%) e do sexo masculino (66,4%). Com relação aos departamentos, Bogotá e Valle del Cauca tiveram o maior número de AVAI ajustados, enquanto Bogotá teve o maior SDI, e Guainía e Cesar, o menor. Houve uma associação entre os AVAI e o SDI, sendo que o SDI foi responsável por 22,8% dos AVAI. Conclusões. O MM é a causa de um grande número de AVAI, predominantemente em departamentos com maior desenvolvimento socioeconômico e com a presença de empresas que usavam amianto; no entanto, o possível subdiagnóstico do MM limita a análise das informações.

Carga de enfermedad por COVID-19 en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia, 2020-2021 / Burden of disease of COVID-19 in the department of Nariño, Colombia, 2020-2021

RESUMEN Objetivos. Estimar la carga de enfermedad por COVID-19 en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia, a partir del indicador años de vida saludables ajustados por discapacidad (AVISA) entre marzo del 2020 a agosto del 2021. Materiales y métodos. Con la información del sistema de vigilancia nacional SIVIGILA se hizo la descripción y caracterización de los casos de COVID-19 reportados entre marzo/2020 a agosto/2021, según grupos de edad, sexo, etnia, municipios de residencia y subregiones de Nariño. Se estimaron tasas crudas y de mortalidad acumulada por COVID-19 para las variables previamente descritas. Se calcularon años perdidos por muerte prematura (APMP) y años vividos por discapacidad (AVD). Se estimaron los AVISA totales mediante la suma de APMP + AVD. Estos se calcularon por sexo, etnia, grupo de edad y subregiones de Nariño. Se estimaron los riesgos relativos a partir de las razones de tasas (RT) e intervalos de confianza del 95% para las variables del estudio. Resultados. Las tasas de morbilidad, mortalidad y AVISA más altas ocurrieron entre febrero y septiembre del 2021, en hombres, en mayores de 70 años, del grupo étnico minoritario afrodescendiente y en las subregiones Centro, Obando y Juanambú. La carga de enfermedad por COVID-19 en Nariño en el periodo de estudio es atribuida a los APMP, los cuales explican más del 97% de la misma. Conclusiones. Este es uno de los primeros estudios de carga de enfermedad a nivel regional, realizados en Colombia, que emplea una metodología estandarizada para COVID-19. Esta medición generaría estimaciones que permitirían focalizar recursos de forma intersectorial, mitigar el daño a poblaciones y áreas geográficas determinadas, especialmente las más vulnerables.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To estimate the burden of disease of COVID-19 in the department of Nariño, Colombia, based on the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) between March 2020 and August 2021. Materials and methods. The description and characterization of COVID-19 cases reported between March 2020 and August 2021 was made according to age groups, sex, ethnicity, municipalities of residence and subregions of Nariño by using information from the national surveillance system SIVIGILA. Crude and cumulative mortality rates for COVID-19 were estimated for the previously described variables. Years lost due to premature death (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated. Total DALYs were estimated by adding YLL + YLD. These were calculated by sex, ethnicity, age group and subregions of Nariño. Relative risks were estimated from rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals for the study variables. Results. The highest morbidity, mortality and DALY rates occurred between February and September 2021, in men, in those older than 70 years, in the Afro-descendant ethnic minority group and in the Central, Obando and Juanambú subregions. The burden of disease of COVID-19 in Nariño during the study period is attributed to the YLL, which explain more than 97% of it. Conclusions. This is one of the first studies on burden of disease at the regional level, carried out in Colombia, that employs a standardized methodology for COVID-19. This measurement would generate estimates that would allow targeting resources in an intersectoral manner, mitigating the damage to specific populations and geographic areas, especially the most vulnerable ones.

Burden of syphilis in Brazil and federated units, 1990-2016: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

ABSTRACT Background: Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease that has created challenging situations for humanity for centuries. Transmission can occur sexually or vertically, with great repercussions on populations, particularly among women and children. The present study presents information on the main burden imposed by syphilis generated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 for Brazil and its 27 federated units. Methods: We described the metrics of incidence, deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), standardized by age and per 100,000 inhabitants, from 1990 to 2019, and we compared the disease burden between the years 1990 and 2019. Results: In Brazil, the disease burden increased between 2005 and 2019 for all metrics. Although a higher incidence of syphilis was found among women in 2019, DALYs [YLLs (males: 15.9%; females: 21.8%), YLDs (males: 25.0%; females: 50.0%), and DALYs (males: 16.2%; females: 22.4%)] were higher among men. In 2019, the highest DALY rate per 100,000 inhabitants was observed in individuals aged above 50 years. The State of Maranhão presented the highest values of DALYs {1990: 165.2 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 96.2-264.4]; 2005: 43.8 [95% UI 30.3-62.4]; 2019: 29.1 [95% UI 19.8-41.1]} per 100,000 inhabitants in the three years analyzed. Conclusions: The burden of syphilis has increased in recent years. Men presented higher DALYs, although the incidence of the disease was higher in women. Syphilis affects a large number of people across all age groups, causing different degrees of disability and premature death (DALYs).

Burden of disease on road traffic injuries in Penglai city, Shandong province, in 2006-2007 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the burden of road traffic injury (RTI) from perspectives both on the health of population and on social economic status so as to provide scientific evidence for policy making. Methods The status of mortality and disability caused by traffic accident in Penglai county was estimated, based on data from death registration and a sampling survey from 2006 to 2007.Together with the disability weights gained from global burden of disease (GBD) , health burden (DALY) was measured with GBD formula. The economic burden of RTI was evaluated. Results Average loss of the health life years (HLY) related to RTI was 31 373.04 per year. 70.59 HLY were lost per 1000 persons. Loss among the males was higher than females. The loss of DALY among the age group 15-44 years ranked the first place (39 209.71 HLY) which accounted for 62.42% of the total DALY. 79.45% of the total DALY were caused by disability. In 2006 and 2007 ,the economic loss caused by RTI was as high as 2.19 billion RMB, which accounted for 4.89% of the total amount of GDP while the indirect economic costs (2.15 billion RMB) accounted for 98.45% of the total costs in Penglai city. The economic loss of the males was obviously higher than the females and the loss by the group aged 15-59 years old accounted for 97.65% of the total. Conclusion RTI had severely influenced the health of the residents in Penglai city and brought heavy burden to the individuals,families as well as the society.