Efectos fetales y posnatales del tabaquismo durante el embarazo / Fetal and postnatal effects of smoking during pregnancy

Resumen La exposición al tabaco en el útero se asocia con un menor crecimiento fetal, una disminución en el peso al nacer y un incremento significativo de nacimientos con bajo peso. Por otra parte, diversos estudios han indicado que el tabaquismo materno puede provocar sobrepeso u obesidad y un aumento rápido de peso en la infancia, lo puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes tipo 2 en la adultez temprana. Los niños expuestos a humo de tabaco en la vida intrauterina, tienen un sistema autónomo hiperreactivo durante las primeras semanas de vida, un crecimiento desproporcionado entre el parénquima pulmonar y las vías aéreas (crecimiento disináptico pulmonar), una disminución en la función pulmonar, un riesgo aumentado de asma, bronquitis y sibilancias en el producto. Existen asociaciones entre el tabaquismo materno y la reducción de las capacidades psicomotoras infantiles, así como los problemas de conducta incluido el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad en la niñez. Se ha observado un aumento en el riesgo de neoplasias benignas en la infancia (hemangioma y quiste tiroideo), pero no de neoplasias malignas.

Abstract Exposure to tobacco in the uterus is associated with lower fetal growth, a decrease in birth weight and a significant increase in low birth weight births. On the other hand, several studies have indicated that maternal smoking can cause overweight or obesity and a rapid increase in weight in childhood, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood. Children exposed to tobacco smoke in intrauterine life, have a hyperreactive autonomic system during the first weeks of life, a disproportionate growth in lung parenchyma and airways (pulmonary dysynaptic growth), a reduction in lung function, an Increased risk in asthma, bronchitis and wheezing in the product. There are associations between maternal smoking and the reduction of infant psychomotor abilities, as well as behavioral problems that include children attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. There has been an increase in the risk of benign neoplasms in childhood (hemangioma and thyroid cyst), but not malignant neoplasms.

Pseudocápsula en los adenomas de hipófisis, revisión del tema / Pseudocapsule in pituitary adenomas, review of the topic

Los adenomas de hipófisis se encuentran entre las neoplasias intracraneales más frecuentes después de los gliomas y meningiomas. Estos tumores, los cuales en la mayoría de los casos son benignos, pueden ser no funcionantes o funcionantes en cuyo caso se manifiestarán como síndromes clínicos endocrinológicos específicos dependiendo de la hormona secretada. Incluso algunos tumores hipofisiarios asocian efectos de masa con alteraciones neurológicas secundarias. Se caracterizan por presentar una pseudocápsula histológica constituida por reticulina, que sirve como límite anatómico entre el tejido glandular normal y el tumor. Es más frecuenteencontrada en tumores productores de prolactina y se encuentra íntegra principalmente en microadenomas de hipófisis puesto que conforme crece el tumor tiende a tornase discontinua. La pseudocápsula ha cobrado importancia principalmente en el manejo quirúrgico, puesto que al tomar como referencia la pseudocápsula en resecciones extracapsulares, se obtienen mejores quirurgicos en cuanto a menores índices de recidiva y de resecciones incompletas, al mismo tiempo que se logra conservar la función pituitaria.

Pituitary adenomas are within the most frequent intracranial tumors after gliomas and meningiomas. These tumors that often are benign can be nonfunctioning or functioning. In the latter will manifest as specific clinical endocrine syndromes depending on the produced hormone. Other may associate a mass effect with secondary neurologic alterations. These adenomas are characterized by the presence of a histologic pseudocapsule made of reticulin and serves as an anatomic limit between the normal pituitary gland and the tumor. It's more frequently found in prolactin secreting adenomas and conserves its integrity more in microadenomas because as the tumor grows is more likely to be discontinued. The pseudocapsule is of great importance especially in the surgical manage of the tumor since its recognition during the surgical procedure in extracapsular resections has proven to result in better patient outcome, seen on lower incomplete resection rates and recurrence, as well as managing to preserve pituitary function.

The effects of COE on the expression of VEGF and CECs of Hepal-6 tumor bearing mice / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the effects of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts (COE) on the expression of VEGF and CECs of Hepal-6 tumor bearing mice.Methods Animal Models of Hepal-6 portability liver tumor bearing mice were established and randomly assigned to six groups (eight mice per group) as follows:untreated control group,solvent vehicle control (DMSO) group,physiological saline control group,cisplatin-treated group,and different dosages COE-treated groups (40 mg/kg,20 mg/kg,10 mg/kg).To approach the effects of COE on the expression of VEGF and CECs in Hepal-6 toumor bearing mice.Results The ELISA and flow cytometer showed that COE could significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF(45.24±21.36) pg/ml and CECs (0.83 ± 0.10) ％ compared with the physiological saline control group (P＜ 0.01 ) with the dose of 20mg/kg.Conclusion COE could significantly down-regulate the expression of VEGF and CECs.It may be related with the effect of COE in inhibiting angiogenesis of tumor.

Relation of the Amount of Circulating Endothelial Cells in Peripheral Blood and the Serum Level of VEGF in Tumor Patients / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective: To analyze the circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial precursors (CEPs) in peripheral blood of tumor patients. Methods: CECs and CEPs were enumerated in 57 tumor patients and 15 healthy controls by 3-color flow cytometry. The serum level of angiogenesis related cytokines(VEGF, bFGF)was determined by ELISA method. Results: In tumor patients, mean value of CECs and CEPs was (0.378?0.047)% and (0.059?0.013)% respectively. The serum level of VEGF and bFGF were (295.58?59.56) ng/L and (28.73?7.40) ng/L. The amount of CECs/CEPs positively correlated with the serum level of VEGF and bFGF. Conclusions: The CECs/CEPs and serum level of VEGF and bFGF of tumor patients was higher than those of normal controls. VEGF and bFGF may participate into the course of endothelial progenitors mobilization.

The influence of the peripheral hematopoietic stem cell mobilization on circulating endothelial cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Analyze the influence of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization on circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial precursors (CEPs).Methods:CECs and CEPs were enumerated in 68 tumor patients and 15 healthy controls by 3-color flow cytometry. 11 cases underwent PBSC (peripheral blood stem cell) mobilization by combination chemotherapy and G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor).Results:CECs and CEPs in tumor patients were 0.378%?0.103% and 0.059%?0.013% respectively,which were higher than that of normal controls.CECs/CEPs in peripheral blood (PB) were increased after G-CSF mobilization.Conclusion:Hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors can be mobilized into the PB by treatment with growth factor G-CSF.