Actitud hacia la anemia drepanocítica en Masca y Pueblo Nuevo, Omoa Cortés, Honduras / Attitude towards sickle cell disease in Masca and Pueblo Nuevo, Omoa Cortés, Honduras

Las actitudes reflejan los antecedentes y las experiencias de una persona, se adoptan en razón de un conjunto de fuerzas como la personalidad, valores y creencias de cada uno. La enfermedad de células falciformes es una patología genética, crónica que constituye la forma más frecuente y mejor conocida de hemoglobinopatía estructural. El objetivo, fue determinar las actitudes (en sus componentes cognitivo y afectivo) que presentan los pobladores de Masca y Pueblo Nuevo, en Omoa, Cortés hacia la anemia drepanocítica. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transeccional y alcance descriptivo. Población: 274 personas alfabetos, de 15 años o más, muestreo probabilístico: 148 personas, voluntarias anuentes a participar en la investigación. Se elaboró un instrumento tipo escala de Likert constituido por 20 ítems que midieron las actitudes hacia la anemia drepanocítica. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa Microsoft Excel. Los resultados ante el componente cognitivo indicaron que 65 personas, (44 %) consideraron tener conocimientos sobre la temática y reconocieron que es necesario se informe sobre la enfermedad. 19 personas (13 %) estaban inseguras de emitir una respuesta; 78 (53 %) manifestaron que, a pesar de tener algún tipo de conocimientos en torno a la enfermedad, requieren más información. En cuanto al componente afectivo, 58 (39 %) manifestaron experimentar temor ante la idea de enfrentarse a este tipo de enfermedad; 30 (20 %) se mostraron inseguras o indiferentes de emitir una respuesta y 61 (41 %) manifestaron que no sabrían que hacer o cómo actuar ante la idea de que ellos o alguien de su familia padezcan de la enfermedad. Se concluyó que existe la necesidad de informar a la población, sobre anemia drepanocítica para saber cómo enfrentarla, tanto a nivel individual como colectivamente.

Attitudes reflect the antecedents and experiences of a person, they are adopted due to a set of forces such as the personality, values and beliefs of each one. Sickle cell disease is a chronic, genetic pathology that is the most common and best known form of structural hemoglobinopathy. The objective was to determine the attitudes (in its cognitive and affective components) that the inhabitants of Masca and Pueblo Nuevo, in Omoa, Cortés have towards sickle cell anemia. A quantitative, non- experimental, transectional study with a descriptive scope was carried out. Population: 274 literate people, aged 15 or over, probability sampling: 148 people, volunteers willing to participate in the research. A Likert scale instrument was developed consisting of 20 items that measured attitudes towards sickle cell anemia. Statistical analysis was carried out with the Microsoft Excel program. The results regarding the cognitive component indicated that 65 people (44%) considered they had knowledge about the subject and recognized that it is necessary to inform themselves about the disease. 19 people (13%) were unsure about giving an answer; 78 (53%) stated that, despite having some kind of knowledge about the disease, they require more information. Regarding the affective component, 58 (39%) expressed fear at the idea of facing this type of illness; 30 (20%) were unsure or indifferent to issue a response and 61 (41%) stated that they would not know what to do or how to act when faced with the idea that they or someone in their family had the disease. It was concluded that there is a need to inform the population about sickle cell anemia in order to know how to deal with it, both individually and collectively.

Comparison of Postoperative Pain Control Methods in Patients with Spinal Stenosis after Posterior Spinal Decompression

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVES: This study compared the early postoperative analgesic effects and the postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with 3 methods of pain control after posterior spinal decompression. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Spinal surgery causes severe postoperative pain. Efficient and safe methods for postoperative analgesia after spinal surgery are necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the clinical symptoms and to assess improvements in postoperative pain, 52 patients in whom single-level posterior lumbar decompression was planned were randomly assigned to 3 groups. For postoperative pain control, 18 patients received a preoperative single-shot epidural injection (SEI), 16 patients received a postoperative continuous epidural injection (CEI), and 18 patients received only postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA). Patient ratings of pain intensity (visual analog scale score from 0 [no pain] to 10 [most severe pain]), nausea (from 0 [no nausea] to 5 [severe nausea]), and vomiting (from 0 [no vomiting] to 5 [severe vomiting]) were recorded immediately after the operation and at 4 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, and 2 days postoperatively. RESULTS: The CEI group showed significantly enhanced analgesic effects, followed by the SEI group and the IV PCA group (p < 0.05). PONV due to postoperative pain control was more severe in the IV PCA group than in the other 2 groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous epidural injection (CEI) is effective for postoperative pain control and minimizes the occurrence of PONV after posterior spinal decompression.

Carcinoma metaplásico de mama com diferenciação osteossarcomatosa: um relato de caso / Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osteosarcomatoid differentiation: a case report

Relato de caso de um osteossarcoma metaplásico da mama em um hospital de Teresina, com resumo e discussão de literatura. O carcinoma metaplásico da mama é mais comum em mulheres entre 55 e 60 anos. Apresenta-se em forma de uma massa palpável sem preferência por quadrante, com rápido crescimento e geralmente é mais largo do que outros tipos de tumores mamários. Os carcinomas têm poucos receptores para hormônios sexuais. No caso de carcinoma metaplá- sico com diferenciação osteossarcomatosa, sua apresentação é bem agressiva. A decisão sobre o tratamento apresenta di culdades em função do baixo número de casos relatados na literatura. Neste relato, apresenta-se uma paciente com carcinoma metaplásico e diferenciação osteossarco- matosa no quadrante superior da mama direita. Foi realizada uma mastectomia com ressecção da pele do quadrante e do segmento do músculo peitoral in ltrado pelo tumor, com preservação do restante da pele e do complexo papiloareolar. Serão discutidas as descobertas patológicas. Devido às diversas opções de tratamento disponíveis para a paciente, conclui-se que mais estudos devem ser realizados sobre qual terapêutica possui maior impacto no prognóstico do paciente, bem como o papel da radioterapia/quimioterapia no paciente.

is is a case report of an osteosarcomatoid metaplastic breast carcinoma in a hospital in Teresina, Brazil, with review and discussion on the theme. Breast metaplastic carcinoma is more common in women aged 55 and 60 years old. It is usually in the form of a palpable mass with no predilection for any quadrant and rapid growth and is generally larger than other types of breast tumors. ese tumors have few receptors for sex hormones. In the case of metaplastic carcinoma with osteosarcomatoid di erentiation, its presentation is quite aggres- sive. A decision on the treatment procedure presents di culties due to the low number of cases reported in the literature. In this report, we present a patient with metaplastic carcinoma and sarcomatoid di erentiation in the right upper quadrant of the right breast. It was performed a mastectomy with quadrant skin resection and segment of the pectoral muscle in ltration by the tumor with preservation of the rest of the skin and papiloareolar complex. It will be discussed the pathological ndings. Due to the several treatment options available to the patient, it can be concluded that more studies must be done on what kind of treatment has the greatest impact on patient prognosis, as well as the role of radiotherapy/chemotherapy on patient.

Qualidade de vida de pacientes internados submetidos ao transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas / Quality of life of hospitalized patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cells transplantation

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida e identificar os domínios alterados de pacientes adultos, com câncer hematológico submetidos ao transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas durante o período de hospitalização. Estudo longitudinal, observacional e analítico, realizado em um hospital de referência em transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre setembro de 2013 a setembro de 2014 incluiu 25 pacientes com o uso dos questionários de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, QLQ-C30 e FACT-BMT. Demonstraram piora estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) na qualidade de vida global, escalas funcionais, função física, social e familiar, desempenho pessoal, preocupações adicionais e sintomas, fadiga, náusea e vômito, dor, perda de apetite e diarreia. Há comprometimento da qualidade de vida dos participantes durante o período de hospitalização para o transplante. Este estudo poderá subsidiar o direcionamento das ações para o suporte adequado em todo o percurso terapêutico.

The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life and to identify the altered domains of adult patients with blood cancer, submitted to hematopoietic stem cells transplantation during hospitalization time. A longitudinal, observation and analytical study, conducted in a reference hospital for hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The data collection was during September of 2013 and September of 2014, including 25 patients and using questionnaires for sociodemographic and clinic characteristics, QLQ-C30 and FACT-BMT. A significant statistical worsening (p<0.05) was found in global quality of life, functional scales, physical, social and family function, personal performance, additional worries and symptoms, fatigue, nausea and vomit, pain, loss of appetite and diarrhea. There is impairment in quality of life of patients during hospitalization for the transplantation. This study can subsidize the direction of actions for adequate support during all therapeutic period.

Comparação de áreas de soja (Glycinemax (L) Merr. ) obtidas por meio da interpretação de imagens TM/Landsat e MODIS/Terra no município de Maracaju (MS) / Comparison of areas of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr. ) obtained through the interpretation of tm/landsat and modis/terra images in the municipality of Maracaju (MS)

A cultura da soja possui características favoráveis para sua identificação e mapeamento por meio de interpretação de imagens de sensores remotos a bordo de satélites.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os resultados de mapeamento dessa cultura, por meio da interpretação de imagens TM/Landsat-5 e MODIS/Terra para o ano safra 2010/11. O trabalho foi realizado para o município de Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, maior produtor de soja do Estado. Foram adquiridas oito imagens MODIS/Terra no ano de 2010 e quatro em 2011 e uma do TM/Landsat-5 do ano de 2011, compreendendo o período de cultivo da soja na região. De posse das imagens e dos processamentos foram gerados mapas temáticos de áreas de soja, das quais segue: componentes principais de imagem monotemporal TM, monotemporal MODIS com seus respectivos NDVI´s e EVI´s, por meio do classificador supervisionado MaxVer; além disso foi calculado o índice CEI, que no processo de fatiamento de pixels foram obtidas as áreas de soja. As classificações utilizando bandas do TM/Landasat-5 apresentaram excelentes estimativas de áreas de soja indicadas pelas métricas de validação Kappa e exatidão global. No método do índice CEI, neste caso, apresentou inferioridade perante as demais estimativas obtidas, apenas apresentando-se superior a estimativa de área obtida pela imagem monotemporal NDVI/MODIS.

The soybean has favorable characteristics for its identification and mapping through interpretation of remote sensing images. This paper aims compare the mapping results of this culture by interpretation of TM/Landsat-5 and MODIS/Terra images for the crop-year 2010/11. The study area was the town of Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, the larger producer of soybeans in the state. Eight MODIS/Terra images were acquired in 2010, four in 2011 and one TM/Landsat-5 in 2011, comprising the period from soybean cultivation in the region. With ' thematic maps of soybean areas, of which follows: principal components of mono temporal TM image with their respective MODIS NDVI's and EVI's, through the Max Ver classifier; addition we calculated the CEI index, which in the process of slicing the pixel areas were obtained from soybeans. The classifications using TM/Landasat-5 bands showed excellent estimates of soybean areas, indicated by the metrics validation Kappa and overall accuracy. In the method CEI index presented inferiority before the other estimates are they only over area estimation obtained by the mono temporal NDVI/MODIS image.

Manganese Concentration in Blood and Urine of Manganese Exposed Welding Workers / 대한산업의학회지

Blood and urine samples were taken from 447 welders exposed to manganese containing welding fumes and 127 office workers not exposed to welding fumes as a control. The air samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian 30A, Australia), and blood and urine samples were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Z-8100, Hibachi, Japan). Data were evaluated in accordance with type of industry, smoking habits, and work duration. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The limit of detection(LOD) levels of manganese in blood and urine were 0.11 microgram/100ml of and 0.14 microgram/l, respectively. Our results of manganese concentration were shown within +/-2 standard deviation which was the upper and lower warning limit (UWL or LWL) on quality control chart. 2. The airborne concentrations of manganese in welding workplaces were 0.067 mg/m3 showing differences by type of industry ; 0.017 mg/m3 in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries, 0.084 mg/m3 in steel heavy industries and 0.180 mg/m3 in shipyards. 3. The blood manganese concentrations showed differences by type of industry showing the highest values of 1.70 microgram/100m1 in shipyards, 1.24 microgram/100m1 in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries and 1.11 microgram/100ml in steel heavy industries. Urinary manganese concentration corrected by urinary creatinine concentrations was 0.34 microgram/g creatinine in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries, 0.43 microgram/g creatinine in steel heavy industries and 0.48 microgram/g creatinine in shipyards. There were no difference urinary manganese concentrations by type of industry. 4. The overall blood manganese concentration was 1.26 microgram/100ml, and urinary manganese concentration was 0.35 microgram/g creatinine in welders. In contrast to these values, blood and urinary manganese concentrations were lower in control group showing 0.73 microgram/100m1, and 0.28 microgram/g creatinine, respectively. 5. Smoking habits did not seem to affect on blood and urinary manganese concentrations both in welders and office workers. 6. Blood manganese concentrations were significantly higher in welder who had worked longer than 10 years than in welder who had worked less than 10 years. 7. The blood manganese concentrations were significantly correlated to airborne manganese concentrations(r=0.318, n=64), work duration(r=0.425, n=538), and cumulative exposure indices(CEI) (r=0.354, n=64).