Importancia clínica del diagnóstico de la metahemoglobinemia / Clinical importance of the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia

Introducción: La metahemoglobina es una forma de hemoglobina en la que el grupo hemo, usualmente en forma ferrosa, es oxidado a forma férrica, lo que afecta el transporte de oxígeno. El incremento por encima de los valores de referencia se denomina metahemoglobinemia. Objetivo: Actualizar conceptos como prevención, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico de laboratorio y tratamiento de elección de esta enfermedad, con la información disponible de la última década. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en inglés y español, a través del sitio web PubMed, el motor de búsqueda Google académico y Scielo, de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años. Los términos de búsqueda usados incluyeron metahemoglobinemia, déficit de citocromo b5 reductasa, cianosis y cooximetría. Análisis y síntesis de la información: La metahemoglobinemia se puede clasificar en congénita y adquirida, esta última es la más frecuente. Es importante el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad que aunque es un padecimiento poco común, puede cursar con complicaciones graves e incluso la muerte. Puede ser evitable con diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno para reducir las complicaciones asociadas a este cuadro. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico y el tratamiento, profiláctico y terapéutico de la metahemoglobinemia en su etapa aguda o de mantenimiento, requieren la adecuada actualización del profesional de la salud(AU)

Introduction: Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin in which the heme group, usually in the ferrous form, is oxidized to the ferric form, which affects oxygen transport. The increase above the reference values ​​is called methemoglobinemia. Objective: To update concepts such as prevention, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of choice for this disease, with the information available from the last decade. Methods: A review of the literature in English and Spanish was carried out, through the PubMed website, the academic Google search engine and Scielo database, of articles published in the last 10 years. Search terms used included methemoglobinemia, cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, cyanosis, and co-oximetry. Analysis and synthesis of information: Methemoglobinemia can be classified into congenital and acquired, the latter being the most common. It is important to diagnose this disease, which, although it is a rare condition, can cause serious complications, and even death, which are avoidable with early diagnosis and timely treatment that reduce the complications associated with this condition. Conclusions: The diagnosis and treatment, prophylactic and therapeutic, of methemoglobinemia, in its acute or maintenance stage, require adequate updating of the health professional(AU)

El tratamiento grupal multicomponente: un método efectivo contra el tabaquismo / Group multicomponent treatment: an effective method against nicotinism

RESUMEN Introducción: El tabaquismo es una enfermedad crónica perteneciente al grupo de las adicciones. En Cuba existen pocas referencias de publicaciones que midan el resultado de estrategias psicoterapéuticas. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados alcanzados en pacientes que durante un año recibieron tratamiento grupal multicomponente para la cesación tabáquica. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva longitudinal de corte evaluativo. Se evaluaron los resultados en 83 fumadores que recibieron un año de tratamiento multicomponente para la cesación tabáquica en el Departamento de Salud Mental de Plaza de la Revolución. Se aplicó encuesta y se determinó niveles de monóxido de carbono y carboxihemoglobina. Resultados: Al año de tratamiento, 42,1 % se mantenía sin fumar, 21,7 % disminuyó el consumo. Aunque acudieron más féminas a recibir ayuda, un mayor número de hombres logró la abstinencia. De los abstinentes, solo 10 señalaron convivir con fumadores, ninguno tenía antecedentes personales de alcoholismo y 11,4 % estaba en fase precontemplativa o contemplativa. 91,4 % de los exfumadores no tenían intoxicación por monóxido de carbono. En contraposición, 91,7 % de los que seguían fumado tenían niveles moderados de carboxihemoglobina. Los principales beneficios fueron mejoría de salud y de economía, de forma grupal se produjo un ahorro de 191 625 pesos. La totalidad de los pacientes refirió satisfacción con el tratamiento recibido brindando sugerencias para su perfeccionamiento. Conclusiones: La aplicación del tratamiento multicomponente para la cesación tabáquica es satisfactorio, a pesar de ser el tabaquismo una adicción difícil de controlar Se aporta información útil, sobre la deshabituación tabáquica en contextos clínicos, que permite perfeccionar las acciones de cesación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Smoking habit is a chronic disease belonging to the group of addictions. In Cuba there are few references of publications that measure the result of psychotherapeutic strategies against this habit. Objective: To evaluate the results achieved in patients that during one year received a group multicomponent treatment for smoking cessation. Method: Descriptive longitudinal research of evaluative type. The results were evaluated in 83 smokers a year after receiving multicomponent treatment for smoking cessation in the Department of Mental Health of Plaza de la Revolución municipality. A survey was applied and levels of carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin were determined. Results: 42,1 % of the patients keep without smoking a year after treatment, 21,7 % decreased consumption. Although more women went to receive help, a greater number of men achieved abstinence. Of the abstinents only 10 reported living with smokers, none had personal history of alcoholism and the 11,4 % was in pre-completion or completion phase. 91,4 % of former smokers had no carbon monoxide poisoning. In contrast, 91,7 % of those who continued to smoke had moderate levels of carboxyhemoglobin. The main benefits were improvement of health and economy, and as a group there was a pocket saving of 191 625 pesos. All patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment received and offered suggestions for its improvement. Conclusions: The results of the use of the multicomponent treatment for smoking cessasion are satisfactory, instead of being nicotinism an addiction which is hard to control. It was provided information on smoking cessation in clinical contexts that allows improving cessation actions.

Measurement of total hemoglobin reduces red cell transfusion in hospitalized patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a retrospective database analysis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective Historically, perioperative hemoglobin monitoring has relied on calculated saturation, using blood gas devices that measure plasma hematocrit (Hct). Co-oximetry, which measures total hemoglobin (tHb), yields a more comprehensive assessment of hemodilution. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of tHb measurement by co-oximetry and Hct, using conductivity with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, length of stay (LOS) and inpatient costs in patients having major cardiac surgery. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valve replacement (VR) procedures from January 2014 to June 2016, using MedAssets discharge data. The patient population was sub-divided by the measurement modality (tHb and Hct), using detailed billing records and Current Procedural Terminology coding. Cost was calculated using hospitalspecific cost-to-charge ratios. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant drivers of RBC transfusion and resource utilization. Results The study population included 18 169 cardiovascular surgery patients. Hctmonitored patients accounted for 66% of the population and were more likely to have dual CABG and VR procedures (10.4% vs. 8.9%, P=0.006 9). After controlling for patient and hospital characteristics, as well as patient comorbidities, Hctmonitored patients had significantly higher RBC transfusion risk (OR=1.26, 95%CI 1.15-1.38, P<0.000 1), longer LOS (IRR=1.08, P<0.000 1) and higher costs (IRR=1.15, P<0.000 1) than tHb-monitored patients. RBC transfusions were a significant driver of LOS (IRR=1.25, P<0.000 1) and cost (IRR=1.22, P<0.000 1). Conclusion tHb monitoring during cardiovascular surgery could offer a significant reduction in RBC transfusion, length of stay and hospital cost compared to Hct monitoring.

The changes of non-invasive hemoglobin and perfusion index of Pulse CO-Oximetry during induction of general anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane improves the accuracy of non-invasive hemoglobin (SpHb) measurement of Masimo Radical-7(R) Pulse CO-Oximetry by inducing peripheral vasodilation and increasing the perfusion index (PI). The aim of this study is to investigate the change in the SpHb and the PI measured by Rad7 during induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane. METHODS: The laboratory hemoglobin (Hb(lab)) was measured before surgery by venous blood sampling. The SpHb and the PI was measured twice; before and after the induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane. The changes of SpHb, Hb(bias) (Hb(bias) = SpHb - Hb(lab)), and PI before and after the induction of general anesthesia were analyzed using a paired t-test. Also, a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the Hb(bias) and the PI. RESULTS: The SpHb and the PI were increased after the induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane. There was a statistically significant change in the Hb(bias) from -2.8 to -0.7 after the induction of general anesthesia. However, the limit of agreement (2 SD) of the Hb(bias) did not change after the induction of general anesthesia. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the Hb(bias) and the PI was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: During induction of general anesthesia using sevoflurane, the accuracy of SpHb measurement was improved and precision was not changed. The correlation between Hb(bias) and PI was not significant.

Efficacy of noninvasive pulse co-oximetry as compared to invasive laboratory-based hemoglobin measurement during spinal anesthesia

BACKGROUND: The Masimo Radical 7 (Masimo Corp., Irvine, CA, USA) pulse co-oximeter(R) noninvasively determines the hemoglobin concentration using the principle of transcutaneous spectrophotometry. We compared hemoglobin levels determined using this device (SpHb) with those determined using an invasive laboratory-based technique (tHb) during spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty patients received spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The pulse co-oximeter probe was mounted on the second toe, and arterial blood samples were obtained from a radial artery catheter. SpHb, tHb, and perfusion index (PI) values were recorded before and 20 and 40 min after intrathecal injection of bupivacaine. RESULTS: Before spinal anesthesia, the SpHb and tHb showed a significant difference of -2.86 +/- 1.56 g/dl (P < 0.005), but no significant differences were found between tHb and SpHb at 20 and 40 min after spinal anesthesia (-0.16 +/- 2.45 g/dl and 0.29 +/- 2.68 g/dl). Additionally, PI was significantly increased at 20 and 40 min after spinal anesthesia compared to the pre-anesthetic value (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The toe is not the monitoring site for pulse co-oximetry in adult patients, but the pulse co-oximetry on the toe appears to be appropriate as a noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring device after spinal anesthesia.