Modelización de la captura y fases de desarrollo de la pesquería de la jaiba azul (Callinectes sapidus) en la Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, México / Modelling the catch and development phases of the blue crab fishery (Callinectes sapidus) in the Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, México

RESUMEN La captura promedio anual de la pesquería de la jaiba azul (Callinectes sapidus) (JA) en Tamaulipas, México se estima en 2 733 T, de la cual, el 82 % se pesca en la Laguna Madre, sitio que se considera aprovechado al máximo de su capacidad. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue modelar la captura anual de la JA en la Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, mediante el ajuste de funciones matemáticas de tipo lineal y no lineal (o curvilínea), a la serie de tiempo de 1998 a 2012, además de identificar las fases de desarrollo de la pesquería, de acuerdo a varios modelos generalizados. Se utilizó el enfoque de la teoría de la información y el procedimiento de la inferencia multimodelo (IMM). Se ajustaron 11 modelos de regresión lineal y no lineal. Para la selección de modelos se utilizaron los criterios de información Akaike corregido (CIAc) y bayesiano (CIB). Para el IMM se consideró el nivel ∆i <2de plausibilidad de CIAc y CIB. Los modelos elegidos para el IMM fueron compuesto, crecimiento, exponencial, logístico, potencial y el sigmoideo, considerándose como más adecuados los primeros cuatro modelos citados. Los modelos promedio del IMM presentaron valores de β 0 y β 1 de 0.939 y 0.377 respectivamente, según CIAc; y de 0.952 y 0.344 respectivamente, de acuerdo al CIB. Solo los modelos compuesto y logístico mostraron significancia estadística en sus dos parámetros de regresión (β 0 y β 1). El índice de sustentabilidad pesquera reveló seis periodos de la captura y una disminución en magnitud de los cambios de la captura. La serie de datos analizada incluye dos ciclos de vida de acuerdo a los modelos de Csirke y Caddy. Los resultados mostraron que al final del periodo estudiado la pesquería se encontraba en colapso y decadencia.

ABSTRACT The average annual catch of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) (BC) fishery in Tamaulipas, Mexico is estimated at 2 733 T, of which the 82 % is caught in the Laguna Madre, which is considered to be exploited to the maximum of its capacity. The objective of the present investigation was to model the annual catch of the BC in the Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, by adjusting mathematical functions of the linear and nonlinear (or curvilinear) type, to the time series from 1998 to 2012. In addition, the phases of development of the fishery, according to several generalized models, were identified. We used the information theory approach and multimodel inference procedure (MMI). Eleven linear and nonlinear regression models were fitted. For the selection of models, the corrected Akaike corrected (AICc) and Ba-yesian (BIC) information criteria were used. For the MMI, the level ∆i < 2 of plausibility of AICc and BIC was considered. The models chosen for the MMI were compound, growth, exponential, logistic, potential and the sigmoid, with the first four models being considered the most suitable of all those cited. The average models of the MMI presented values of β 0 and β 1: 0.939 and 0.377 respectively, according to CIAc; and 0.952 and 0.344 respectively, according to the CIB. Only the composite and logistic models showed statistical significance in their two regression parameters (β 0 and β 1). The fishery sustainability index revealed six catch periods and a decrease in magnitude of catch changes. The data series analyzed includes two life cycles according to the Csirke and Caddy models. The results showed that at the end of the studied period the fishery was in collapse and decay.

Evaluación del crecimiento de Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda: Portunidae) con métodos basados en talla, Tamaulipas, México / Evaluation of the growth of Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda: Portunidae) by the use of lengthbased methods based on size in Tamaulipas, Mexico

ResumenLa captura de la jaiba azul (Callinectes sapidus) es una de las principales del Estado de Tamaulipas, México, tanto por su volumen y precio de venta, como por la generación de empleo, pero se cuenta con escasa información de sus características biológicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los parámetros de crecimiento de la jaiba azul, estableciendo el método más adecuado para realizarlo. Se estimó la frecuencia de tallas de 17 814 jaibas de muestreos realizados de enero a junio 2009, provenientes de la captura comercial de trece localidades, comprendidas en cuatro lagunas costeras: Laguna El Barril, Laguna Madre, Laguna de Morales y Laguna de San Andrés. Los parámetros de crecimiento se estimaron usando los métodos indirectos ELEFAN, PROJMAT y SLCA en combinación con la técnica jackknife para establecer la incertidumbre de las estimaciones inherentes a cada método. Los parámetros de crecimiento L∞ y k se unificaron para efectos comparativos mediante el índice de crecimiento phi prima (Φ’). Con una moda de 110 mm, el intervalo de longitud de caparazón varió entre 60 y 205 mm. Los valores de los parámetros de crecimiento variaron de acuerdo al método utilizado. Utilizando SLCA, L∞ varió entre 259 y 260 mm y k osciló entre 0.749 y 0.750/año; con PROJMAT, L∞ registró valores entre 205 y 260 mm y k fluctuó entre 0.550 y 0.740/año, y con ELEFAN, L∞ osciló entre 156 y 215 mm y k varió entre 0.479 y 0.848/año. Las estimaciones mediante jackknife detectaron nula variabilidad en Φ’ entre localidades y diferencias significativas entre métodos. Los rangos de valores de Φ’ estimados por SLCA y PROJMAT (4.70 a 4.71 y 4.66 a 4.70, respectivamente) se ubicaron en el rango reportado por la literatura (4.201-4.798), mientras que ELEFAN aportó valores significativamente menores (3.87 a 4.27). Los métodos SLCA y PROJMAT en combinación con la técnica jackknife, resultaron ser los más adecuados para estimar los parámetros de crecimiento de C. sapidus.

AbstractThe capture blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is one of the major fisheries of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico; both in volume and selling price, as well as employment generation, but there is little information on its biological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth parameters of the blue crab, establishing the most appropriate method. We estimated the length frequency of 17 814 crabs from commercial catch of thirteen locations, including four coastal lagoons. The lagoons were El Barril, Madre, Morales and San Andrés from Tamaulipas, State. Growth parameters were evaluated using indirect methods ELEFAN, PROJMAT and SLCA in combination with the jackknife technique to establish the uncertainty of estimates inherent in each method. The growth parameters L∞ and k were consolidated for purposes of comparison with the growth index phi prime (Φ’). With a mode of 110 mm, the interval carapace length varied between 60 and 205 mm. The values of the growth parameters varied according to the method used. Using SLCA, L∞ varied between 259 and 260 mm and k ranged between 0.749 and 0.750 /year; with PROJMAT, L∞ recorded values between 205 and 260 mm, k fluctuated between 0.550 and 0.740/year, and with ELEFAN, L∞ ranged between 156 and 215 mm and k varied between 0.479 and 0.848/year. Estimates by jackknife detected no variability in Φ’ between locations and significant differences between methods. The ranges of values of Φ’ and PROJMAT estimated SLCA (4.70 to 4.71 and 4.66 to 4.70, respectively) were in the range reported in the literature (4.201-4.798), while lower values ELEFAN contributed significantly (3.87 to 4.27). The SLCA and PROJMAT methods in combination with the jackknife technique, proved to be the most suitable to estimate the growth parameters of C. sapidus. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (2): 821-836. Epub 2016 June 01.

Composición proximal de la carne de cangrejo (callinectes sapidus) pasteurizada en el estado Zulia, Venezuela / Proximal composition of the pasteurized crab meat (callinectes sapidus) in the Zulia state, Venezuela

Para evaluar la composición nutricional (g/100g) de carne pasteurizada de cangrejo (Callinectes sapidus) se tomaron muestras al azar de dos plantas procesadoras del estado Zulia, evaluándose 20 latas/tipo de corte (Jumbo Lump, Lump, Special, Claw y CocKtail Claw). Las determinaciones de proteínas, humedad y cenizas se realizaron siguiendo las metodologías propuestas por la A.O.A.C.; el contenido de grasa por el método Randall; minerales (calcio, magnesio, sodio, potasio, zinc, cobre y hierro) por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y fósforo por colorimetría según el método propuesto por Fiske y Subbarow. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, siendo los tipos de corte la única fuente de variación. El promedio de proteínas fue similar para los cortes Special y Lump (21,24 y 20,83%) mostrando ambos tipos mayor contenido de proteínas al compararlos con el tipo Jumbo Lump (19,99%), Claw (16,38%) y Cocktail Claw (18,42%). El contenido de grasa en los cortes Claw y Special (1,85 y 1,74 g/100 g) fueron superiores al resto de los cortes. Los tipos Jumbo Lump, Lump y Special presentaron contenidos porcentuales de humedad similares, pero difirieron (P<0,001) de los tipos Claw y Cocktail Claw, quienes mostraron los menores contenidos. No hubo diferencias entre los cortes de cangrejo pasteurizado para el contenido de cenizas. Se concluye que la variación de la composición nutricional de la carne de cangrejo pasteurizada es atribuida a los diferentes tipos de corte. En tal sentido, la carne de cangrejo puede considerarse como una fuente alterna de proteínas y minerales, acompañada de bajos contenidos de grasas.

In order to evaluate the nutritional composition (g/100g) of the pasteurized crab meat (Callinectes sapidus), samples were taken at random from two processors plants of the Zulia State, evaluating 20 tins/tips of cut (Jumbo Lump, Lump, Special, Claw and CocKtail Claw). The determinations protein, humidity, ashes, they were realized following methodologies proposed by the A.O.A.C., the content of fat by the method Randall, the minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper and iron) for atomic absorption espectroscopy and phosphorus for colorimetry according to the method proposed by Fiske and Subbarow. A design was used completely at random, being the types of cut the only source of variation. The average of proteins was similar for Special and Lump cuts (21.24 and 20.83%) showing both types major content of proteins when comparing with the type Jumbo Lump (19.99%), Claw (16.38%) and Cocktail Claw (18.42%). The content of fat in the cuts Claw and Special (1.85 and 1.74 g/100 g) were superiors to the rest of the cuts. The Jumbo Lump, Lump and Special types presented similar contents of humidity percentage, but they difiered (P <0.001) of the types Claw and Cocktail Claw, whom showed the minors contents. There were no differences between the cuts of pasteurized crab for the content of ashes. In conclusion, the variation of the nutritional composition of the pasteurized crab meat is attributed to the different types of cuts. To this respect, the crab meat can be considered to be an alternate source of proteins and minerals, accompanied of low contents of fat.

Evaluation and management of blue crab Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) (Decapoda - Portunidae) fishery in the Estuary of Cananéia, Iguape and Ilha Comprida, São Paulo, Brazil / Avaliação e gestão da pesca de siri-azul Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) (Decapoda - Portunidae) no Estuário de Cananéia, Iguape e Ilha Comprida (São Paulo, Brasil)

The Estuary of Cananéia, Iguape and Ilha Comprida is a part of the Estuarine Lagoon System of Cananéia, Iguape and Paranaguá , on the south coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. It has been recognised for its high standards of environmental conservation. The objective of this paper was to assess the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fishing in the region, from January 1998 to December 2006, and obtain supportive data to implement technical rules for the rational exploitation and resulting conservation of this resource. The results show a remarkable decrease in the fisheries' abundance index (CPUE) up to 2005, from 9.4 to 4.0 kg/hour, mainly caused by an increase in fishing effort, from 1,960 to 13,776 hours on a yearly basis. With the decrease in the fishing effort in 2005 and 2006, the abundance index reacted positively, indicating a recovery of the exploited population. Due to the lack of appropriate regulation limiting the fishing effort and organising the fluctuating admission rates of new fishermen, there is a noticeable increase of the effort, above the sustainable level. Therefore, there is a need for measures to limit and control the admission of fishermen in this activity. One of the measures to be considered is the establishment of regular periods where fishing the species is prohibited (called "defeso"), each year, especially from September to January. Another measure is to create a fishermen registry and special licenses, to limit the number of new entrants. Such actions require, for their implementation, a co-managed initiative, involving the blue crab fishermen themselves, governmental agencies and resource management researchers, and the integration of ecological, socioeconomic and cultural dimensions.

No litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), encontra-se o estuário de Cananéia, Iguape e Ilha Comprida que está inserido no Complexo Estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia, Iguape e Paranaguá, reconhecido pelo elevado grau de conservação ambiental. O presente documento visou avaliar a pesca do siri-azul (Callinectes sapidus) nesta região, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2006 no intuito de fornecer subsídios para a implementação de normas técnicas para a exploração racional e a conseqüente conservação do recurso. Os resultados mostraram que a pesca do siri-azul sofreu quedas significativas no índice de abundância (CPUE) até 2005, declinando de 9,4 a 4,0 kg/hora, tendo como principal causa o aumento do esforço pesqueiro, de 1.960 para 13.776 horas de pesca anuais. Com a diminuição do esforço pesqueiro em 2005 e 2006, o índice de abundância aumentou, respondendo positivamente a recuperação da população explorada. Devido à falta de regulamentação que limite o esforço pesqueiro e organize a variação de entrada de pescadores na atividade de pesca do siri-azul, observa-se um aumento do esforço de pesca acima do sustentável, havendo necessidade de medidas que limitem e controlem a entrada de pescadores na atividade. Um dos instrumentos que podem ser adotados é a implementação de períodos de defeso da espécie, principalmente no período de setembro a janeiro. Outra forma é o cadastramento e licenças especiais, limitando a entrada de pescadores na atividade. Tais ações devem ser concretizadas por meio do co-manejo que pressupõe a participação dos pescadores de siri, de órgãos de governo e de acadêmicos na gestão dos recursos, tomando-se como base a integração das dimensões ecológica, sócio-econômica e cultural.

Distribución espacial y temporal del cangrejo Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda: Portunidae) en la Bahía de chetumal, Quintana Roo, México / Temporal and spatial distribution of the crab Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda: Portunidae) in Chetumal Bay, Quintana Roo, Mexico

In order to determine temporal and spatial distribution patterns of Callinectes sapidus, samplings were carried out during the cold-front (January-February), dry (May-June) and rainy (August-September, 2002) climatic seasons, in 30 sampling stations of Chetumal Bay, grouped in sectors A (14 stations), B (eight stations) and C (eight stations). In each sampling station crabs were collected from two transects parallel to the coast, each with three traps, separated by 30 m. Sediments were calcareous coarse and medium sand, white or lightly gray. A total of 1 031 specimens were collected. CPEU (Capture Per Effort Unit) differed spatially and temporally. Highest CPEU was found in sector C with 1.3 ind.trap(-1), and in the rainy season with 1.1 ind.trap(-1). Population was predominantly composed of male individuals. The male:female ratio was 15:1. Males and adults (group II) CPEU was significant different between sectors and climatic seasons. Both males and adults (group II) had a greater CPEU in sector C (1.2 ind.trap-) and in the rainy season (1.1 ind.trap(-1)). Abundance of female and juvenile individuals (group I) was low during the sampling period whereas group 0 juvenile individuals were not found. A greater relative frequency between sectors and climatic seasons were observed in 130-139 mm and 140-149 mm size interval (CW). C. sapidus occurred on sandy sediments in Chetumal Bay. Pearson product moment correlations exhibited significant relationships between CPEU and temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. In Chetumal Bay, the spatial and temporal distribution of C. sapidus can be related to salinity, temperature, habitat quality, food availability, recruitment and reproduction events of individuals.