Door-to-door health camps versus traditional health camps in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh – A comparative analysis

Background: Health camps are effective medical intervention, especially in inaccessible terrains. However, because of age, health, and COVID-19 fear, many patients avoid visiting these camps because of crowding. Door-to-door health camps could be a solution to this. National Medical Commission has also introduced early clinical exposure and family adoption for medical undergraduate students. Aim and Objectives: The authors had planned to conduct this research to study the advantage of door-to-door health camps involving medical undergraduate students as camp team members as compared to traditional health camps regarding patient satisfaction and student satisfaction. Material and Methods: This study was done in rural hilly areas of Himachal Pradesh. There were 8 traditional health camps and 8 door-to-door health camps also involving medical undergraduate students organized between August 2022 and November 2022. These camps were analyzed for patients’ satisfaction and students’ satisfaction. Results: Patient satisfaction was much higher in door-to-door camps as compared to traditional health camps. More patients attending door-to-door camps visited our hospital for follow-up. Students were also satisfied participating in door-to-door camps. It also improved their interest in studying medicine. Conclusion: Door-to-door health camps are more beneficial for patients, especially in hilly inaccessible terrain. Involving students in these camps improves their interest in studying medicine and can be beneficial.

Voluntary blood donations in Navi Mumbai, India: Experience in coronavirus disease pandemic

Introduction: In India, voluntary blood donation camps (VBDCs) are a key supply of blood and its products. Conducting blood donation drives was challenging in Navi Mumbai due to the widespread lockdown during the coronavirus disease (COVID) outbreak. Study Type: This was a retrospective study. Materials and Methods: To relieve the anxieties and apprehensions of the blood donor population, extensive confidence-building efforts were required. Various safety measures and standard operating procedures were also included, as well as training for VBDC organizers and medical personnel. We studied the blood donations done at our institute on a retrospective basis from blood bank records. Results: Our study showed a 7% increase in outdoor VBDC donations in 2021 over the previous year 2020. However, according to the advice of the local transfusion council, promoting in-house donations raised their number by a stunning 33% in 2021. Conclusion: Even during the COVID pandemic, confidence-building methods and precautions helped restore VBDC’s legitimacy and increase donation numbers by a marginal extent.

Urban Flood Relief Management in COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Urban floods were addressed as a separate disaster after the historical 2005 Mumbai floods. Urban flood peaks are 2-8 times and volume 6 times when compared with rural floods. We are now handling multiple disasters simultaneously due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. The river plains of north India are prone to floods in the monsoon season and geographical location of Prayagraj doubles the damage because it faces wrath from two sides. Very few researches have been conducted on urban floods and evidence needs to be generated from the field. Methodology: This qualitative research was planned with an objective to identify the difficulties faced in operating an urban flood relief camp during superimposed burden of COVID-19 Pandemic and to suggest remedial measures from the public health aspect. We conducted in-depth interviews of nodal officers, health staff and beneficiaries of the identified camps. Informed consent was taken from participant after explaining them about the research. Results: The findings from the interviews were categorized into 3phases of flood relief i.e. before the floods, during floods and lastly post flood. The most crucial work before floods is to spread awareness about do’s and don’ts in detail. Next was identification of the local people actually affected by flood. The space and facilities at few centers was low for the population load. Urban flood management needs a major overhauling of public health infrastructure to handle such disasters in future. Conclusion: The officials were working hard to make the homeless feel as if they are on a picnic. The database of beneficiaries should be strengthened and should also include students and labourers, anyone who is a flood victim and not only local flood victims.

Management of child camps: a structured literature review and new directions / Gestão de campos de férias para crianças: uma revisão estruturada da literatura e novas direções / Gestión de campamentos infantiles: una revisión estructurada de la literatura y nuevas direcciones

The study of child camps has grown over the last years. Still, the common use of different terminology and the dispersion of the information in literature regarding camps management, makes it difficult to clarify research and hinder the improvement of managerial practices. This study aims to synthetise existent knowledge in child camps' management, identify inconsistencies and gaps in the literature, and set directions for future research and practice on child camps. A structured review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1950-2021 was conducted. Results indicate that half of the studies used the term "summer camp"; but other ten different terms were also used. Five different management areas were identified: safety, consumer behaviour, human resources, event planning and camp research. Gaps were also identified in the literature. These findings are important to set new research avenues and to improve practice. (AU)

O estudo dos campos de férias para crianças aumentou nos últimos anos. Todavia, a utilização de diferentes termos e a dispersão da informação na literatura acerca da gestão destes eventos dificulta o esclarecimento das diretrizes de pesquisa, por um lado, e dificulta a melhoria das práticas de gestão, por outro. Este estudo visa sintetizar o conhecimento existente na gestão destes eventos, identificar inconsistências e lacunas na literatura, e definir direções para futuras pesquisas e práticas. Foi realizada uma revisão estruturada de estudos publicados entre 1950-2021. Metade dos estudos utilizou o termo "campos de verão"; mas também foram utilizados outros dez termos diferentes. Foram identificadas cinco áreas de gestão: segurança, comportamento do consumidor, recursos humanos, organização de eventos e pesquisa em campos de férias. Foram ainda identificadas lacunas na literatura. Estes resultados são importantes para definir novos caminhos de pesquisa e melhorar a gestão destes eventos. (AU)

El estudio de los campamentos de verano para niños se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Pero, el uso de términos diferentes, y la dispersión de información en la literatura, sobre la gestión de estos eventos, dificulta la clarificación de las directrices de investigación, e impide que los gestores mejoren sus prácticas. Este estudio buscó sintetizar el conocimiento existente en la gestión de estos eventos, identificar inconsistencias y lagunas en la literatura y definir direcciones para futuras investigaciones y prácticas. Se realizó una revisión estructurada de estudios publicados entre 1950-2021. La mitad de los estudios utilizaron "campamento de verano"; pero también se utilizaron otros diez términos diferentes. Se identificaron cinco áreas de gestión: seguridad, comportamiento del consumidor, recursos humanos, organización de eventos y investigación en campamentos de verano. También se identificaron lagunas en la literatura. Estos resultados son importantes para definir nuevos caminos de investigación y mejorar la gestión de estos eventos. (AU)

Plastic surgery in Ladakh: a novel initiative in trans Himalaya of India

Background: The super speciality care is not available in remote places in India. But the service of the plastic surgery can be taken to the remote district hospital by arranging plastic surgery camps thereby resulting in service to the poor, capacity building of the local doctors and infrastructure development of the remote hospital.Methods: It is a retrospective study, in which the author analysed the feasibility, management, difficulties and achievement of week long, annual plastic surgery camp in remote set up of a district hospital of Ladakh over three year from 2017 to 2019.Results: A total of 341 patients were included in this study of which 108 underwent various surgical interventions. The youngest operated was 5 months old and oldest was 86 years. Wide spectrum of deformity were seen and operated upon. Complication developed in only six patients (5.5%) which were managed successfully at Leh only. The immediate and long term follow-up result show no difference in surgical result as compared to those compared operated outside with negligible financial burden.Conclusions: Keeping in view the positive outcome, it is argued through this paper that such camps should be replicated in other remote locations all over India.

Mente fascista / Fascist mind / Mente fascista / L'esprit fasciste

O artigo discute o estado de mente fascista a partir da contribuição de Christopher Bollas. Dialoga também com filósofos que se interessaram pelo tema: Hannah Arendt e Giorgio Agamben. A mente fascista não é parlamentar (com vários pontos de vista em confronto, em diálogo), mas imperial: com um único ponto de vista fixo. Torna-se inumana. Para chegar a isso os fascistas desencadeiam uma guerra permanente primeiro contra si - por meio de múltiplos assassinatos contra as partes de seu self amoroso, reparador, compassivo - e depois contra os outros, eleitos para esse fim. Para eliminar toda a oposição interna, a mente fascista conta com a ideologia, crença, convicção - antídotos da dúvida, da hesitação -, convergindo para um campo de certezas. Projeções de partes do seu self serão lançadas para o outro: partes más, preconceituosas, desdenhadoras. Também se valem da introjeção extrativa, como defesa letal: roubando do outro - o inimigo eleito - partes de seu self.

The article discusses the state of the fascist mind, taking into account Christopher Bollas' contribution. It also establishes a fruitful dialogue with other philosophers who are interested in the subject: Hannah Arendt and Giorgio Agamben. The fascist mind is not parliamentary (with several conflicting points of view, in dialogue) but imperial: with a single fixed viewpoint. It becomes inhuman. In order to do that, fascists unleash an ongoing war, first against themselves - through multiple murderous actions against the parts of their loving, repairing, compassionate self - and, then, against the "others" chosen for that end. To eliminate all internal opposition, the fascist mind relies on ideology, belief, conviction - antidotes to doubt, hesitation - converging to a field of certainties. Projections of parts of her self will be thrown at the other: evil, biased, scornful parts. They also use extractive introjection, as a lethal defense: stealing from the other - the elect enemy - parts of their selves.

El artículo discute el estado de la mente fascista a partir de la contribución de Christopher Bollas. Dialoga también con otros filósofos que se interesaron por el tema: Hannah Arendt y Giorgio Agamben. La mente fascista no es parlamentaria (con varios puntos de vista en confrontación, en diálogo) pero si imperial: con un único punto de vista fijo. Se convierte en inhumana. Para llegar a eso los fascistas desencadenan una guerra permanente primero contra sí mismos - a través de múltiples asesinatos contra las partes de su propio self amoroso, reparador, compasivo - y luego contra los otros, elegidos para ese fin. Para eliminar toda la oposición interna, la mente fascista cuenta con la ideología, creencia, convicción - antídotos de la duda, de la vacilación - convergiendo hacia un campo de certezas. Las proyecciones de partes de su self serán lanzadas para el otro: partes malas, preconcebidas, despreciadoras. Se valen también de la introyección extractiva, como defensa letal: robando del otro - el enemigo elegido - partes de su self.

L'article discute l'état d'esprit fasciste à partir de la contribution de Christopher Bollas. Il dialogue également avec d'autres philosophes qui s'intéressent à cette thématique: Hannah Arendt et Giorgio Agamben. L'esprit fasciste n'est pas parlementaire (avec plusieurs points de vue en confrontation, en dialogue), mais impérial (avec un seul point de vue fixe). Il devient ainsi inhumain. Pour y arriver, les fascistes développent une guerre permanente, d'abord contre eux-mêmes - par des multiples assassinats contre de parts de leur self amoureux, réparateur, compatissant - et puis contre les autres, élus pour cette fin. Pour supprimer toute opposition interne, l'esprit fasciste compte sur l'idéologie, la croyance, la conviction - antidotes du doute, de l'hésitation - de façon à converger vers un champ de certitudes. Projections de parts de son self seront lancées vers l'autre: des parts méchantes, pleines de préjugés, méprisantes. Il s'utilise également de l'introjection extractive, en tant que défense létale: il vole de l'autre - l'ennemi élu - des parts de son self.

An epidemiological study regarding availability and utilization of public health care services in slum in Amritsar city

Background: Low level of education of the slum dwellers along-with poor socio- economic status and pathetic environmental conditions lead to their poor health indicators. Since the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) was launched in 2013, the health services are still in their initial stages. Assessment of the availability as well as the utilization of health care services of the urban slums is the need of the hour.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected slum in Amritsar city. All the houses were enumerated and visited by the interviewer herself. The eldest adult member of the family was selected as key respondent and written, informed consent was obtained. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect the data which was then compiled and analyzed using statistical tests.Results: Out of the total respondents, one third respondents had knowledge about the government health center nearby (statistically significant) while out of these, only one third utilized the services at the center (statistically non-significant). Almost half of the respondents had knowledge about the medical camps and out of these, two-thirds utilized the services at medical camps.Conclusions: Overall utilization of services is poor. More respondents were aware of the medical camps than the static government health facility and utilization of medical camps was also more. So the static health services under NUHM need to be further strengthened.

Clinical-ophthalmological profile of patients undergoing cataract surgery following their identification in screening eye camps

Background: Senile cataract constitutes about 50–70% of preventable blindness in the year 2000 in India. >3/4th of Indian populations live in rural areas which are away from medical facilities. Conducting of outreach camps forms an integral part in decreasing the visual morbidity due to cataract, etc., in rural areas, thus the unrecognized rural and poor population is benefited. Objective: The objective of this study was to see demographic and clinical-ophthalmological profile of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study which was conducted in a tertiary care hospital involved 72 cataract patients who were assigned to undergo extra capsular cataract extraction surgery (SICS with PC-IOL) following their identification in various screening eye camps of Jammu province. Results: The maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of >60 years, i.e., 76.39%. Males outnumbered females, i.e., 63.89%. Housewives comprised 36.11% followed by farmers who were 34.72%. About 37.5% among studied subjects were smokers and 38.89% were hypertensives while 19.44% had blood sugar level above normal value. Mature cataract was the most common seen in 72.22%. Majority of the patients, i.e., 59.72% had visual acuity of <1/60. Conclusion: Increasing age, housewives, and smoking were the most important risk factors, whereas mature type of cataract was more commonly seen in camp patients.

Evaluation of Risk Factors Contributing to Video Display Terminal Syndrome

Introduction: There were many studies where computerusers were surveyed and symptoms were attributed to use ofcomputer but as the symptoms of patients were not alwaysvisible, many people using VDT didn’t attribute computerfor symptoms of VDTS. This Study spread awareness aboutVDTS among the outdoor patients and office staff workersat Tertiary hospital.In this study, we have screened computerusers for ocular complaints along with risk factors andassociation between them.Material and Methods: This present study was carried outamong the outdoor patients who uses computer for at leastone year and presenting with eye complaints at TertiaryCare Centre and office staff of Medical Institute in Karad,Maharastra, India, where the uses of computers required,during the period of November 2016 to May 2018.180Office staff worker and OPD patients, 25-50 years of age,were surveyed. All the participants were subjected to routineclinical examination. After ocular examination, subjects wereasked to respond to a predefined questionnaireResults: Eyestrain, Dryness and Redness were majorcomplaints in male while headache and burning were infemales.Conclusion: Factors like working hours on a computer,whether they were using spectacles or not, their distance fromthe computer screen, the level of the eyes, type of monitor, thebrightness adjustment, use of an antiglare screen, rule of 20-20-20 and the habit of taking breaks contributed to differentocular complaints

Estándares para las Convivencias cubanas de niños y adolescentes con diabetes / Standards for residential weeks for diabetic children and adolescents in Cuba

Introducción: las Convivencias para niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 surgen en Cuba en el año 1993, como una alternativa para la educación diabetológica; desde entonces, se realizan en la mayoría de las provincias del país. Objetivo: estandarizar la organización y realización de las Convivencias para niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Desarrollo: durante una semana se adiestran a los pacientes y sus familiares (por separado) en el manejo integral de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Las Convivencias combinan las actividades educativas con la evaluación clínica del paciente, por lo que incluye además el monitoreo glucémico diario, el ajuste del tratamiento, la realización de complementarios, así como la evaluación por diferentes especialidades. La estandarización ofrece los detalles del proceso, los horarios y lugares recomendados para cada actividad, las técnicas educativas según los grupos de edades, y las técnicas para la evaluación de la actividad. Conclusión: las Convivencias constituyen un proceder a la vez educativo, terapéutico y recreativo, que permite conocer no solo el estado de salud de los pacientes en general, sino también, la situación familiar existente alrededor del niño o adolescente que vive con diabetes. La acción holística de la convivencia resulta indispensable a fin de perfeccionar el tratamiento de la diabetes; así como, optimizar la calidad de vida de los pacientes que la padecen(AU)

Introduction: the residential weeks for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus emerge in Cuba in 1993 as an alternative for education on diabetes; since then, they are held in most provinces. Objective: to standardize the organization and holding of the residential weeks for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Development: during a week, the patients and their relatives (separately) are trained in the comprehensive management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Residential weeks combine the educational activities with the clinical evaluation of the patient, so they include daily glycemic monitoring, adjustment of treatment, the performance of supplementary tests as well as their evaluation by different specialties. Standardization offers the details of the process, the recommended schedules and places for each activity, the educational techniques by age groups and the evaluation techniques of the activity. Conclusions: the residential week represents an educational, therapeutic and recreational procedure that allows knowing not only the health status of the patient but also the existing family situation of the child and the adolescent living with diabetes. The holistic action of the residential week is indispensable to improve the diabetes treatment as well as to optimize the quality of life of patients suffering it(AU)

O aniquilamento do corpo em Auschwitz: análise semiótica do relato de Primo Levi / The annihilation of the body at Auschwitz: semiotic analysis of the account of Primo Levi

O aniquilamento do corpo em Auschwitz: análise semiótica do relato de Primo Levi No contexto da temática do corpo, meu objetivo, neste artigo, é demonstrar como a "originalidade" dos métodos de extermínio dos prisioneiros, nos campos de concentração nazistas, começavam pelo aniquilamento do corpo. Tal metodologia foi descrita, minuciosamente, por um sobrevivente de Auschwitz, o químico e, sobretudo, contundente escritor, Primo Levi. Exímio observador semiótico, ele focaliza, particularmente, as relações entre as representações sígnicas e a "verdade" interna dos prisioneiros. Com tal enfoque semiótico, Levi con-segue demonstrar que a política de extermínio praticada pelo nazismo deu-se antes das câmaras de gás e dos fornos crematórios: a "originalidade" do nazismo - para usar a expressão do historiador Raul Hilberg (1985) - foi a de, antes de tudo, aniquilar o indivíduo. Essa política de aniquilamento consistiu, como tão bem ilustrou Levi, na destruição da verdade interna do indivíduo a partir da destruição das representações sígnicas externas.

In the context of the subject of the body, my purpose in this article is to demonstrate how the "originality" of the methods of extermination of prisoners in the Nazi concentration camps began with the annihilation of the body. Such methodology has been described, in detail, by a survivor of Auschwitz, the chemist and, above all, blunt writer, Primo Levi. An eminent semiotic observer, he focuses particularly on the relations between the signic representations and the internal "truth" of the prisoners. With such a semiotic approach, Levi can demonstrate that the policy of extermination practiced by the Nazis took place before the gas chambers and crematorium: the "originality" of Nazism - to use historian Raul Hilberg's expression (1985) - it was, first of all, to annihilate the individual. This policy of annihilation consisted, as Levi has so well illustrated, in the destruction of the inner truth of the individual from the destruction of external signic representations.

"Arquitetura da destruição" e a segregação cotidiana na cultura / "Architecture of doom" and the daily segregation in culture / "Arquitectura de la destrucción" y la segregación cotidiana en la cultura / "Architecture of destruction" et la ségrégation quotidienne dans la culture

A partir de breve resenha sobre o documentário Arquitetura da Destruição, pretende-se destacar uma discussão acerca da segregação cotidiana na sociedade atual. Parte-se da tese lacaniana de 2003 exposta na Proposição de 9 de Outubro de 1967 sobre o Psicanalista da Escola, que indica três pontos que deveriam ser preocupação dos psicanalistas: uma escola de formação em psicanálise hierarquizada, o Complexo de Édipo e os campos de concentração. Lacan destaca o engendramento dos últimos dois conceitos como a dinâmica que a sociedade incorporou ao cotidiano, como um paradigma da subjetividade contemporânea. O esvaziamento dos sujeitos, tal e qual acontece nos campos de concentração, é percebido também numa cultura que privilegia as relações pautadas pela lógica mercadológica. À parte, a diferença entre se tratar de um esvaziamento forçado (no regime nazista) ou não (sociedade de mercado), o fato é que a alienação ao Outro e ao próprio gozo aparecem como elementos centrais na manutenção da segregação social. Se o discurso hitlerista de harmonia e eugenia teve eco social, foi justamente no ponto em que se arregimentava um Outro poderoso o bastante para que seu desejo de domínio suplantasse a anulação dos que se submeteram a ele. Seguindo tal indicação, o artigo enfatiza ao seu final a relação contemporânea que se constrói entre cidadania e gozo.

From a brief summary of the documentary Architecture of Doom, this article intends to highlight a discussion about segregation in contemporary society. It starts with the Lacanian thesis of 2003 exposed in Proposition 9 October 1967 on the Psychoanalyst of the School, which indicates three points that should concern psychoanalysts: a hierarchical school for training in psychoanalysis, the Oedipus Complex and the concentration camps. Lacan emphasizes the engenderment of the last two concepts as the dynamic that society has incorporated to everyday life, as a paradigm of contemporary subjectivity. The subjects' emptying, as it happens in concentration camps, can also be perceived in a culture that emphasizes relationships guided by market logic. Apart from the difference between the case of a forced emptying (in the Nazis regime) or not (market society), the fact is that the alienation to the Other or to the own enjoyment appears as central elements in the maintenance of social segregation. If Hitler's discourse about harmony and eugenics had social resonance, it was precisely in the point at which it deployed an enough powerful Other that his desire for domain supplants the annihilation of those who have submit to him. Following this statement, the article emphasizes the contemporary relationship construct between citizenship and enjoyment.

Partiendo de una breve reseña acerca del documental Arquitectura de la Destrucción, se pretende resaltar una discusión acerca de la segregación cotidiana en la sociedad actual. Se inicia de la tesis lacaniana de 2003, expuesta en la Proposición de 9 de octubre de 1967 acerca del Psicoanalista de la Escuela, la cual apunta para tres puntos que deberían preocupar a los psicoanalistas: una escuela de formación en psicoanálisis jerarquizada, el Complejo de Édipo y los campos de concentración. Lacan subraya el origen de los dos últimos conceptos como la dinámica que la sociedad incorporó al cotidiano, como un paradigma de la subjetividad contemporánea. El vaciado de los sujetos, como ocurre en los campos de concentración, es percibido también en una cultura donde se privilegia las relaciones basadas en la lógica mercadológica. Quitando la diferencia entre tratar un vaciado forzado (régimen nazi) o no (sociedad de mercado), el hecho es que la alienación al Otro y al gozo propio surge como elementos centrales en la manutención de la segregación social. Si el discurso hitlerista de harmonía y depuración racial tuvo resonancia social, fue justamente en el punto en que convocaba un Otro poderoso lo suficiente para que su deseo de dominio derrumbase la anulación de los que se sometieron a él. Siguiendo esta indicación, el artículo enfatiza al final la relación contemporánea que es construida entre ciudadanía y gozo.

Une brève introduction de la Architecture of Doom documentaire est destiné à mettre en évidence une discussion au sujet de la ségrégation dans la société de tous les jours. Il commence avec la thèse lacanienne exposé dans Proposition 9 Octobre 1967 concernant le psychanalyste de l'École (2003), ce qui indique trois points qui devraient être la préoccupation des psychanalystes: une école de formation en psychanalyse hiérarchique, le complexe d'OEdipe et les champs concentration. Lacan met l'accent sur la sexuation du passé que la société dynamique qui intègre le quotidien comme un paradigme de la subjectivité contemporaine. La vidange du sujet, comme cela se passe dans les camps de concentration, il est également perçue dans une culture qui met l'accent sur les relations guidés par la logique du marché. En dehors de la différence entre le cas d'une évacuation forcée (les nazis) ou non (société de marché), le fait est que la vente à une autre joie de posséder et d'apparaître comme des éléments centraux dans le maintien de la ségrégation sociale. Si le discours Hitler harmonie et l'eugénisme ont eu une résonance sociale, c'est précisément le moment où enrôle une Autre assez puissant que son désir de supplanter l'annulation du domaine qui ont subi cela. Suite à cette déclaration, l'article met l'accent sur sa relation contemporaine finale qui construit entre la citoyenneté et la jouissance.

Possession, Attitudes and Perceptions of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets among Pregnant Women in a Post Conflict District in Northern Uganda.

Background: The use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) is one of the main strategies to control malaria in Uganda. The Uganda’s Ministry of Health had set a target of 50% of households to be covered with ITNs by the year 2007. This study aims at determining ITN possession, attitudes and perceptions among pregnant women who were living in internally displaced persons’ (IDP) Camps where buildings offered little or no protection against mosquitoes in Gulu district. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 20 randomly selected IDP camps in Aswa and Omoro counties, Gulu district, Northern Uganda. Probability proportion to size cluster sampling technique was used to determine the numbers of expectant mothers in the selected camps. Consecutive sampling method was used by moving to the next nearest household until the required numbers of respondents were generated from each camp. Data was collected using well designed pretested questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered by trained research assistants who were fluent in the local language (Acholi). Results: ITN possession: 42% of respondents (95% CI 0.39 – 0.46) possessed ITN. 98% of the respondents reported that it was good to use ITN. 97% of the respondents perceive ITN as being effective at preventing mosquitoes bites which transmit malaria. 96% of the respondents who owned ITN were willing to continue using ITNs. Factors associated with ITN possession were; Having attended antenatal services (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.24 – 2.98, P-value 0.004); Having attained formal education (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03 - 2.35, P-value 0.036); Willingness to buy ITN (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.22–3.21, P-value 0.006) and Willingness to recommend ITN use to others (aOR 3.77, 95% CI 1.12 – 12.77, P-value 0.033). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had positive attitudes and perceptions towards ITN use. However, more than half of the respondents lacked ITN which was below the target set by Uganda Ministry of Health. Therefore government and other stakeholders should scale up free ITN distributions among the vulnerable groups if the Ministry of Health and the Roll Back Malaria Global Partnership Target is to be achieved.

Palavra, violência, segregação / Word, violence, segregation

O autor defende a tese de que o campo de concentração é o paradigma da atualidade, como quer Agamben, e que Lacan profetizou que a segregação, a concentração e o extermínio passariam a ser a tônica de nossos tempos, mantendo com a ciência laços estreitos. O caso da violenta ditadura em sua Argentina natal é tomado como ilustração das novas formas de segregação que tiveram sua origem no nazismo.

The author defends the theory that the concentration camp is the paradigm of the present time, as Agamben proposes, and that Lacan prophesied that segregation, concentration and extermination would to be the mark of our times, maintaining close bonds with science. The case of the violent dictatorship in his native Argentina is taken as an illustration of the new forms of segregation that had its origin in Nazism.

Density, distribution and control of flies in the camps of earthquake-rescue troops in Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To determine the density and distribution of flies in military camps in Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County, and provide evidences for pertinent disinsection to reduce the incidence of food-borne infectious diseases. Methods: The densities of flies in camps of the Iron Army, Armed Police Forces and the Red Army were determined using trap glue boards. Sites of sampling were selected according to spacial representativeness and homogeneity. The numbers of flies caught on the boards were counted after a period of 8 h (from 8:00 AM-16:00 PM) in different climate conditions. Non-parameters test and paired Student t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The densities of fly distribution were significantly different between the 3 camps. The flies concentrated in the kitchen areas, temporary restrooms, and garbage dumping grounds. More flies were found in the hot, sunshine weather than in the cool, cloudy weather. Insecticide chlordimeform was very effective in controlling the flies. Insecticide-resistance was not observed. Conclusion: The deteriorating environment around the camps is the major reason for the increased density of flies in the camps. The poor sanitation condition is also a reason for increase of flies. Selective spray of insecticides in these specific sites, like temporary restrooms and rabbish dumping grounds, can effectively reduce the density of flies in the tents; attention should be paid to avoid ecology deterioration caused by over disinsection.

Psicoanálisis y perversión del lazo social / Pshycoanalysis and perversion of the social bond

El artículo busca dar cuenta de las consecuencias de la declinación de la versión patriarcal del Nombre-del-Padre, y se refiere, así, al surgimiento de los totalitarismos, de los Padres fetichizados como reprocura, en el marco de la instalación social, de esos padres brutales, más “confiables” como reguladores de los deseos, de los gozos, y de la circulación de los cuerpos mediante “bandos”, y no de leyes. En ese sentido, acompaña la tesis de Agamben - y de Foucault - mostrando como la nuda vida - sin derechos - es una cuestión biopolítica, y los campos de concentración y de exterminio - y la segregación, en general - son sus consecuencias lógicas, en función no solo de las experiencias nazi, sino de la Argentina. Así, muestra también el “parentesco” entre la democracia y la exclusión, muchas veces mortífera, de los “otros”. Concordamos con Lacan en su propuesta promovedora del lazo social: “una fraternidad discreta para la cual somos siempre demasiado desiguales”.

This article tries to investigate the consequences of the decline of a patriarchal view of the Name-of-the-Father, mentioning the birth of a totalitarian thought, of a fetish-father, as a search for a brutal father, more reliable to regulate desire and the circulation of bodies in groups, as opposed to laws. In this sense, we follow the thesis of Agamben - and Foucault - showing how naked life - without rights - is a bio-political issue, and that segregation and concentration/extermination camps are its logical consequences, both in Nazi experience as well in that of Argentina. In such manner, it also shows a “kinship” between democracy and the exclusion - sometimes deadly - of the “others”. We agree with Lacan and with his proposal of a social bond: “a discreet fraternity in which we are always too much unequal”.

Ocupações de terra, acampamentos e demandas ao Estado: uma análise em perspectiva comparada / Occupations de terres, campements et demandes adressées à l'État: analyse de perspective comparée / Land occupations, landless camps, and demands on the State: an evaluation from a comparative perspective

Based on the observation that land occupations with camps currently place an unavoidable demand on the Brazilian state for land expropriation and redistribution, the article analyzes the sociogenesis of this discourse. The authors seek to: examine how the first landless camps emerged; understand how men and women mobilized to occupy land; and identify relations between the original landless camps in Brazil and the current ones. The article takes a comparative approach, focusing on the individuals involved in the first land occupations in the South, Southeast, and Northeast of the country. In the conclusion, the authors show how such discourse draws on individual initiatives and the intersection between historical processes, the constitution of movements, and the response by the Brazilian state.

À partir du constat que les occupations de terres suivies de campements constituent actuellement au Brésil un langage incontournable employé pour demander à l'État l'expropriation et la redistribution des terres, dans cet article on analyse la sociogenèse de ce langage. On cherche à examiner comment ont été mis en place les premiers campements, comment hommes et femmes se sont disposés à occuper des terres, et identifier les relations entre ces campements et ceux de nos jours. On se sert d'une approche comparative dont le fil conducteur est le groupe d’individus engagé dans les premières occupations au sud, sud-est et nord-est du Brésil. On voit que le langage est tributaire d'initiatives individuelles, du croisement de processus historiques, de la constitution de mouvements et de la façon d'écouter de l'État brésilien.