Variables nutricias asociadas con la ansiedad y la autopercepción corporal en niñas y niños mexicanos de acuerdo con la presencia de sobrepeso/obesidad / Nutritional variables associated with anxiety and body image self-perception in Mexican children according with the presence of overweight/obesity

Resumen: INTRODUCCIÓN: La obesidad infantil se ha asociado con la ingesta de alimentos densamente energéticos, con el sedentarismo y con indicadores de salud mental como la ansiedad manifiesta y la percepción de la imagen corporal. En México no se ha reportado la relación entre dichas variables en población infantil. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la auto-percepción corporal y el riesgo de ansiedad, de acuerdo con la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, controlando las variables dietéticas y los hábitos de salud en niños en edad escolar. MÉTODO: Clasificados por su Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) se compararon 259 niños y niñas sin sobrepeso/obesidad vs. 326 quienes presentaron dicha condición, en tres escuelas públicas del Estado de México. El IMC se obtuvo por medición directa del peso y la estatura. Se exploró la relación del consumo de alimentos (dieta) y el estilo de vida con la presencia de ansiedad (cuestionario CMAS-R), auto-percepción y satisfacción corporal (test-SC). RESULTADOS: El 43% de los escolares presentan riesgo cardiovascular y 7.7% riesgo de síndrome metabólico. Los participantes sin sobrepeso/obesidad presentaron mayor satisfacción con su imagen corporal (68.3%). No se encontraron diferencias entre el IMC y la ansiedad total, ni con cada una de sus dimensiones. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: No se reportaron diferencias en la ansiedad de acuerdo con el IMC. La auto-percepción de la imagen corporal fue menos favorable, en zonas específicas del cuerpo en niñas y niños con sobrepeso u obesidad.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity has been associated with the intake of energy-dense foods and sedentary lifestyle, and with mental health indicators such as anxiety and perception of body image. In Mexico it has not been studied the relationship between these variables in children. OBJECTIVE: To assess the body self-perception and risk of anxiety according to the presence of children with normal weight for their stature and age (BMI) and children with overweight/obese, controlling for dietary variables and health habits in children of school age. METHOD: 259 boys and girls with normal BMI vs. 326 with overweight/obesity from three public schools in the State of Mexico were evaluated. Diet and lifestyle were associated with the presence of anxiety and body-image dissatisfaction. BMI was calculated from direct measures of weight and height. For anxiety assessment the CMAS-R questionnaire was used and test-SC for body image self-perception. RESULTS: 43% of school children showed cardiovascular risk and 7.7% metabolic syndrome risk. Children with normal weight have greater satisfaction with their body image and weight, compared to children with overweight or obesity (68.3% vs. 49.1%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There were no differences in anxiety according to BM1. The self-perception of body image is less favorable in specific areas of the body, in children with overweight or obesity.

O papel da sociedade e da família na assistência ao sobrepeso e à obesidade infantil: percepção de trabalhadores da saúde em diferentes níveis de atenção / The role of society and family in care for child overweight and obesity: perception of health professionals at different levels of care

O desenrolar da transição do perfil nutricional ocorrida nos últimos 30 anos resulta em um cenário epidemiológico preocupante, que leva a população brasileira a sérios agravos em saúde. O sobrepeso e a obesidade infantil vêm ganhando espaços para reflexão e discussão importantes, a fim de buscar estratégias para melhor entender essa questão. Este estudo identifica as percepções dos profissionais de saúde acerca do papel da sociedade e da família na atenção ao sobrepeso e obesidade infantil no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Participaram deste estudo 7 profissionais da saúde atuantes nos diferentes níveis de atenção do SUS. Uma entrevista semiestruturada e a análise de conteúdo foram, respectivamente, utilizadas como métodos de coleta e análise de dados. Os resultados sugerem que as modificações nas estruturas familiares, os papéis sociais de gênero e os valores de uma sociedade capitalista não apenas contribuem para que essa característica se instale, mas, também, podem ser considerados fatores determinantes da questão do sobrepeso e da obesidade infantil. Talvez o caminho para alcançar melhorias na atenção à saúde das crianças seja retroceder na satisfação plena dos desejos individuais e resgatar objetivos coletivos, focando no fortalecimento dessas instituições...

The unfolding of the nutrition profile transition that took place within the last 30 years results in an epidemiological scenario that is a matter of concern, leading the Brazilian population to severe health problems. Child overweight and obesity have gained ground for significant discussion and reflection, in order to seek for strategies to better understand this issue. This study identifies the perceptions of health professionals regarding the role of society and family in the provision of care for child overweight and obesity in the Brazilian National Health System. This study relied on the participation of 7 health professionals working at the different levels of care in the National System. A semi-structured interview and content analysis were respectively used as methods for collecting and analyzing data. The results suggest that changes in family structures, social gender roles, and values of a capitalist society not only contribute so that this characteristic is deployed, but they can also be considered as determining factors for the issue of child overweight and obesity. Perhaps, the pathway to achieve improvements in the provision of care for children is moving backwards from the full satisfaction of individual wishes and resuming collective objectives, with a focus on strengthening these institutions...

The Psychopathology of Overweight and Obesity in Community Children / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the degree of obesity and psychopathology in children. METHODS: 504 children from the Kimpo City and their parents participated in this study. According to BMI percentile for their gender and age, we divided them into three groups; the normoweight group, the overweight group, and the obese group. The Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C), and the subscale 3 of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale were used for children. The Korean-Child Behavioral Checklist (K-CBCL) was completed by their parents. RESULTS: In subscale 3 of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale, 'the physical appearance and attitude', the score of the overweight group was significantly lower than that of the normoweight group. In CDI and STAI-C, there were no differences among three groups. We found significant differences among three groups in the mean scores of social problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing symptoms, and total problem in the CBCL scale. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study showed evidences for a psychosocial at-risk population in a community samples of children with overweight and obesity. The nation-wide study including adolescents is needed.