Nutrition in Chinese-Korean Children and Adolescents / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the nutrition habits among Chinese-Korean children and adolescents in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 for Chinese-Korean children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. The number of the subjects included was 4789, 4704, 5875, and 5315, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of the occurrence of stunting showed a declining trend from 1995 to 2010 (for boys: urban, 6.3%; rural, 12.7% in 1995 and 3.5% for both in 2010. For girls: urban, 7.8%; rural, 13.4% in 1995 and 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively, in 2010). Although the ratio of wasting did not show significant differences between the urban and rural children and adolescents in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 respectively, the ratio of occurrence of overweight or obesity increased (for boys: urban, 7.3% and 1.3% in 1995, 17.6% and 12.9% in 2010; rural, 7.0% and 1.3% in 1995, 14.6% and 12.8% in 2010, respectively. For girls: urban, 8.1% and 1.0% in 1995, 17.3% and 8.6% in 2010; rural 5.7% and 0.7% in 1995, 16.4% and 7.4% in 2010, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ratio of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Chinese-Korean areas declined from 1995 to 2010, and the distinction in malnutrition between the urban and rural areas was negligible in 2010. Further, the ratio of overweight and obesity increased over this period.</p>

Pharmacokinetics of doxapram injection in Chinese Han, Mongolian, Korean, Uigur and Hui healthy subjects / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate and compare the phar-macokinetics of doxapram injection in healthy subjects of different Chinese nationalities including Han, Mon-golian, Korean, Hui and Uigur, and the influence of gender,in order to provide instruction and help for the usage of doxapram for both clinic and remedy of battle wound. Methods An HPLC-UV method was used to determine the plasma concentration of doxapram. Fifty healthy subjects ( five males and five females of each nationality) were recruited for the study. A single dose of 50 mg doxapram was administered intravenously to the healthy subjects, and blood samples were collected at various predetermined time points. The pharmacoki-netic parameters were calculated by DAS software and were compared by SPSS 13. 0 software, in order to as-sess the influence of nationality or gender on pharmaco-kinetics of doxapram. Results The results indicated that the pharmacokinetic profile of doxapram in vivo could be described as two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters for Han, Mongolian, Korean, Hui and Uygur were as follows: Cl ( 0. 25 ± 0. 11 ) , ( 0. 33 ± 0. 11 ) , ( 0. 27 ± 0. 07 ) , ( 0. 26 ± 0. 06) and (0. 39 ± 0. 25) L·h-1 ·kg-1 , while Cmax (1. 55 ± 0. 52 ) , ( 1. 02 ± 0. 30 ) , ( 1. 31 ± 0. 47 ) , (1. 48 ± 0. 46 ) and ( 0. 99 ± 0. 35 ) mg · L-1 . The AUC0-12. 5 , AUC0-∞ and Cmax of Chinese Han were sig-nificantly higher than those of Uigur and Mongolian ( P0. 05 ) . There were statistically significant differences in Vc , Vd and CL between young males and females ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion The large inter-individual variation in the main pharmacoki-netics suggests the dosage of doxapram should be ad-justed for different nationalities for both clinic and rem-edy of battle wound.

Pharmacokinetcs of single dose cefepime injection in Chinese Han, Mongolia, Korean, Uigur, and Hui healthy volunteers / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in healthy volunteers of different Chinese nationalities (Han, Mongolia, Uigur, Korea, and Hui) and different genders, thus to provide instruction and help for using cefepime safely, rationaly and effectively in both ordinary clinic and remedy of battle wound. METHODS: A single dose of 1.0 g cefepime was given by intravenous infusion under fasting condition to ten healthy volunteers (five males and five females) of each Chinese nationality. Plasma samples were obtained before dosing and at various predetermined time points after the dosing, and the plasma concentrations were determined by a validated HPLC-UV method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS2.0 software and were compared by SPSS11.5 software. RESULTS: The PK parameters of cefepime in Han, Mongolia, Uigur, Korea and Hui nationalities after a single intravenous administration of 1.0 g were as follows: t1/2β (1.97 ± 0.20), (2.10 ± 0.33), (2.06 ± 0.33), (2.40 ± 0.65), and (1.94 ± 0.24) h; AUC0-β (139.69 ± 23.78), (153.92 ± 22.79), (165.58 ± 24.49), (142.11 ± 29.77), and (132.78 ± 23.79) mg · h · L-1;ρmax(68.75 ± 10.41), (78.22 ± 13.87), (83.19 ± 10.31), (73.82 ± 9.59), and (62.91 ± 10.09) mg · L-1 , respectively. The PK parameters of cefepime in 25 male volunteers and 25 female volunteers after a single intravenous administration of 1.0 g were as follows: t1/2β (2.06 ± 0.54) and (2.13 ± 0.44)h; AUC0-β (134.06 ± 22.33) and (158.68 ± 24.85)mg · h · L-1;ρmax (66.94 ± 9.14) and (78.95 ± 12.71)mg · L-1, respectively. Results of ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis rank test showed that there were no significant differences in the PK parameters Vd, CL, InAUC, and t1/2β of different nationalities and in Vd and t1/2β of different genders, but there were significant differences in lnρmax of different nationalities and CL, InAUC, and lnρmax of different genders. Then, it was found there was high linear correlation( P < 0.01) between body weight and CL, InAUC and lnρmax. The differences of the above PK parameters became insignificant after normalization by body weight. CONCLUSION: When cefepime is given in doses based on body weight, its pharmacokinetics has no significant differences among five nationalities and between genders. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.