Effect of Different Spacing and Time of Planting on Growth and Yield of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa) under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Condition

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season in 2022-23 at vegetable research farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP). The experiment consisted of nine treatments combinations with three plants spacing viz. (i) 30 x 45cm, (ii) 45 x 60cm and (iii) 45 x 45cm and three levels of sowing date viz. (i) November 5th 2022, (ii) November 12th 2022, (iii) November 19th 2022, were included in the study in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The growth, yield and quality contributing all characters were significantly influenced by the treatments. The highest plant height, number of leaves, weight of head per plant, chlorophyll content and length of outer leaves (cm) as recorded in T6 (D2S3) (plants sowing November 12th 2022 with spacing 45 x 45cm) followed by T3 (D1S3) and lowest in T7 (D3S1). The maximum weight of head per m2, yield per plot (79.6kg) and yield per hectare (89.1t ha) were recorded -1 in T4 (D2S1) (plants sowing November 12th 2022 with spacing 30 x 45cm) followed by T1 (D1S1) and minimum weight of head per m2, yield per plot (35.6kg) and yield per hectare (199.0 t ha-1) were recorded in T8 (D3S2) of Chinese cabbage.

Identification and expression analysis of NHX gene family in Chinese cabbage / 生物工程学报

Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene subfamily plays an important role in plant response to salt stress. In this study, we identified the NHX gene family members of Chinese cabbage and analyzed the expression patterns of BrNHXs gene in response to abiotic stresses such as high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stress. The results showed that there were 9 members of the NHX gene family in Chinese cabbage, which were distributed on 6 chromosomes respectively. The number of amino acids was 513-1 154 aa, the relative molecular weight was 56 804.22-127 856.66 kDa, the isoelectric point was 5.35-7.68. Members of BrNHX gene family mainly existed in vacuoles, the gene structure is complete, and the number of exons is 11-22. The secondary structures of the proteins encoded by the NHX gene family in Chinese cabbage had alpha helix, beta turn and random coil, and the alpha helix occurred more frequently. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the gene family members had different responses to high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stress, and their expression levels differed significantly in different time periods. BrNHX02 and BrNHX09 had the most significant responses to these four stresses, and their expression levels were significantly up-regulated at 72 h after treatments, which could be used as candidate genes to further verify their functions.

Detection of Cd in Chinese Cabbage by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariable Selection / 分析化学

Heavy metal residue in vegetables is a big concern in the whole world.The aim of this work is to explore the effect of multivariable selection on analyzing Cd in Chinese cabbage polluted in lab by collecting the spectra of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) from the samples.At the same time,the actual Cd content in samples was obtained by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV).The LIBS spectral range in partial least square (PLS) model was screened by standard normal variable transformation (SNV),first derivative (FD),second derivative (SD) and center treatment (CT) for preprocessing spectra and the optimized method was used for the analysis of interval partial least square (iPLS) and synergy interval partial least square (SiPLS).The results indicated that the method of CT was the best as a comparison with PLS,iPLS and SiPLS.And the intervals of wavelength were 214.72-215.82 nm,215.88-216.97 nm and 225.08 -226.35 nm by utilizing the optimized SiPLS.Here the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) between real content and predicted ones was 1.487,the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) was 1.094,the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.9942,and the average relative error (ARE) was 11.60％.The results displayed that LIBS could predict Cd in vegetables by multivariable selection of SiPLS and the accuracy could meet the requirement of rapid and green analysis of Cd in vegetables.

LED Lights Enhance Metabolites and Antioxidants in Chinese Cabbage and Kale

Light emitting diode (LED) lights play an important role in the plant physiology and alter the metabolites in a significant manner. Glucosinolates (GSLs), polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of Chinese cabbage and kale cultivated in varying LED lights were investigated. Analysis revealed 7 aliphatic, 3 indolyl and 1 aromatic GSLs in Chinese cabbage and kale. The total GSL content ranged from 1.5-19.08 and 1.85-24.87 µmol/g DW, and glucobrassicanapin was the predominant GSL (3) in Chinese cabbage, whereas; sinigrin (3.49 µmol/g DW) was in kale. Blue and red LED lights produced significantly higher amount of GSLs in Chinese cabbage and kale respectively. Results revealed higher amount of total polyphenol (3.845 µg/mL) and total flavanoids (3.939 μg/mL) in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage and kale showed significant antioxidant activities when compare with positive control, and the antioxidant assays were slightly correlated with total GSLs, polyphenols and flavanoids contents. The influence of LED lights on glucobrassicin in Chinese cabbage and kale should be studied extensively, because GSL is the precursor of indole-3-carbinol, a potent anticancer isothiocyanate.

Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected commercially available cruciferous vegetables

Antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata rubra), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis var cylindrica), green cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata), mustard cabbage (Brassica juncea var rugosa) and Chinese white cabbage (Brassica rapa var chinensis), grown in Malaysia, were evaluated. Red cabbage had the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content compared to the other cruciferous vegetables studied (p 79%. The radical scavenging activity was in the order of Chinese white cabbage > red cabbage > mustard cabbage > Chinese cabbage > green cabbage. There was a significant difference (p Chinese white cabbage > green cabbage > Chinese cabbage >mustard cabbage. The study indicated that red cabbage possessed the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds concentration among all the cruciferous vegetables studied.

cDNA-AFLP Reveals Variation of Sequence Region trnF-ndhJ in Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Chinese Cabbage-pak-choi / 生物化学与生物物理进展

By means of cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism(cDNA-AFLP) technique, a fragment P1708 was amplified from Polima cytoplasmic male sterile Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinenesis Makino, syn, B. rapa L. ssp. chinenesis) 'Bpol97-05A'. RT-PCR showed that this fragment was specifically expressed in male sterile material. Sequencing and BLAST search in GenBank database indicated that P1708 had 100% homolog with chloroplast ndhJ-trnF gene region except a 54 bp insertion. Gene specific primer pairs were synthesized according to ndhJ-trnF gene region and two fragments about 1 900 bp were amplified respectively using genomic DNA templates of Polima cabbage and male fertile oilseed rape. The sequencing results showed that the gene region ndhJ-trnF of Polima cabbage contained two 54 bp repeats and some variation sites. The repeat part shared the same sequence as trnF gene except three bases at 5′ ends. For the insertion of 108 bp sequence, a new open reading frame was created.