Serum monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in evaluating osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of serum monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in the evaluation of osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods:Diabetic nephropathy patients treated in Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital from Jun. 2019 to Jun. 2022 were selected. Gender, age, height and weight of all patients were collected and recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood calcium (Ca), blood phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), monocyte count (M), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), urinary microalbumin and creatinine were measured and recorded in all patients. MHR and ACR were calculated, MHR=M/HDL-C, ACR=urinary microalbumin/creatinine. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (L1-L4) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which was divided into osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group.Results:Among the 117 diabetic nephropathy patients, 47 cases were osteoporotic and 70 cases were non-osteoporotic. The proportion of women in osteoporosis group was significantly higher than that in non-osteoporosis group, and BMI, PTH, MHR, ACR and bone mineral density were significantly higher than those in non-osteoporosis group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female, MHR and ACR were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum MHR and ACR were negatively correlated with lumbar bone density, with statistical significance ( r=0.524 and 0.497, P=0.004 and 0.009, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum MHR and ACR for evaluating osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients was 0.870 (0.809-0.931) and 0.849 (0.792-0.905), respectively. The AUC of serum MHR combined with ACR for osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients was 0.927 (0.891-0.964) . Conclusion:Serum MHR and ACR can be used as the evaluation indexes of osteoporosis in diabetic nephropathy patients, and their combined efficacy is better.

Correlation between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and insulin resistance in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with metabolic-related fatty liver disease / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To explore the correlation between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and insulin resistance (IR) in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with metabolic-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods A total of 454 male patients with T2DM combined with MAFLD in National Metabolic Management Center (MMC) of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from May 2018 to July 2020 were enrolled. The general clinical data of subjects were collected, blood routine and biochemical indexes were tested, homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated, visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured. Accordingtothe MHR quartile, patients were divided into group Q1 (MHR≤0.38), group Q2 (0.38<MHR≤0.48), group Q3 (0.48<MHR≤0.64) and group Q4 (MHR>0.64) to compare the differences in measured indicators above. In addition, patients were divided into two groups according to HOMA-IR, HOMA-IR<2.5 and HOMA-IR≥2.5, and the differences in MHR were compared. Results The patients were divided into four groups according to MHR:group Q1 (n=115), group Q2 (n=110), group Q3 (n=120) and group Q4 (n=109). Fasting insulin (FINS) were respectively 6.17(4.20,9.76), 7.73(4.94,10.66), 8.92(5.32,11.33) and 9.13(5.25,12.27) mU/L, 2-hour postprandial insulin were 22.75(12.87,39.59), 27.55(16.44,39.77), 30.98(17.46,43.11) and 31.28(18.54,45.92) U/L. HOMA-IR were 3.12(1.63,4.25), 3.72(2.26,4.66), 3.87(2.48,5.44) and 3.95(2.42,5.31). Neutrophil (Neu) were 3.10(2.60,3.70), 3.20(2.50,3.93), 3.60(2.80,4.28), 4.20(3.30,5.00)×109/L. Subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were (181.27±53.60), (192.64±62.41), (199.53±61.40) and (203.69±71.51) cm2. They all increased gradually. However, the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) [1.18(1.06,1.35), 1.02(0.86,1.17), 0.96(0.80,1.03) and 0.80(0.69,0.92) mmol/L] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) [(3.00±0.79), (2.76±0.83), (2.67±0.85) and (2.59±0.92) mmol/L] decreased gradually. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis showed that MHR was positively correlated with FINS, 2-hour postprandial insulin (2hINS), HOMA-IR, VFA and SFA (r=0.190, 0.153, 0.184, 0.114, 0.127, P<0.05). The coronary heart disease history, systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasmaglucose (FPG), FINS, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood uric acid (Ur), body mass index (BMI), VFA, SFA and MHR of patients in group HOMA-IR≥2.5 were higher than group HOMA-IR<2.5 (P<0.05). Conclusion　MHR is positively correlated with IR in male patients with T2DM combined with MAFLD, and as MHR increases, the degree of IR is higher.

Correlation of cholesterol ratios and conventional isolated lipid parameters as cardiovascular risk markers to anthropometric and hemodynamic variables in healthy overweight/obese subjects

Background: Isolated lipid derangements are no longer considered as an ideal tool to predict cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Hence, novel parameters, that is, lipid ratios are being resorted to label CV risk. However, which of the ratios stand out as the most specific, sensitive, and earliest predictor in individual cases is still to be elucidated. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study correlation of cholesterol ratios and conventional isolated lipid parameters as CV risk markers to anthropometric and hemodynamic variables in healthy overweight/obese subjects. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical, observational, and pilot study enrolling 30 overweight/obese subjects as cases and 30 non-obese subjects as controls segregated on basis of body mass index (BMI) and WHR. All subjects with secondary cause of abnormal blood flow were excluded from the study. Blood pressure measurement and venous blood sampling for serum glucose and fasting lipid parameters were duly done. Results: Of all the isolated lipid values and the three lipid ratios (Total Chl a [T. Chl]/high density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL]/HDL, triglyceride [TG]/HDL), the two groups differing significantly only in T. Chl/HDL ratio which, in turn, significantly strongly positively correlated to both LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratio ([r = 0.684, P = 0.000] [r = 0.433, P = 0.001]), respectively. All the physical hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) were significantly different in both groups but none of them correlated with the lipid parameters. Of the two (waist hip ratio and BMI) anthropometric measures, only BMI had significant positive moderate strength correlation to lipid parameters and ratios. Conclusion: T. Chl/HDL ratio seems to be the ideal lipid marker in early prediction of CV disease in apparently healthy obese subjects. Lipid derangements in apparently healthy mild-to-moderate grade obese subjects may not universally present with hemodynamic derangements.

Is the variation in monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio a predictor of major cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome?

In clinical practice, we need to develop new tools to identify the residual cardiovascular risk after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to evaluate whether the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) variation (ΔMHR) obtained during hospital admission (MHR1) and repeated in the first outpatient evaluation (MHR2) is a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after ACS. One hundred ninety-one patients admitted for ACS were prospectively included. The ΔMHR was calculated by subtracting MHR1 from MHR2. Patients were followed for 166±38 days in which the occurrence of MACE was observed. The best cutoff for ΔMHR was zero (0), and individuals were divided into two groups: ΔMHR<0 (n=113) and ΔMHR≥0 (n=78). The presence of MACE was higher in the ΔMHR≥0 (22%) than in the ΔMHR<0 (7%), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74-8.99; P=0.0004). After adjusting for confounders, ΔMHR≥0 remained an independent MACE predictor with an adjusted HR of 3.13 (95%CI: 1.35-7.26, P=0.008). In conclusion, our study showed that ΔMHR was an independent MACE predictor after ACS. Thus, ΔMHR is a potential marker of residual cardiovascular risk after ACS.

Relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score in elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)and the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)risk score in elderly patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods:This was a prospective clinical trial.A total of 152 patients admitted to Tangshan Workers' Hospital were enrolled between January 2015 to February 2018.Of these, 102 STEMI patients undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)were selected as the STEMI group and 50 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries were selected as the control group.The STEMI patients were divided into two subgroups based on TIMI risk scores.The relationship between MHR and TIMI risk scores in patients with STEMI was analyzed.Logistic regression was used to analyze whether MHR could be used as an independent predictor of acute STEMI and high TIMI scores.Results:The MHR level was significantly higher in the STEMI group than in the control group( P<0.05)and was significantly higher in the high TIMI score subgroup than in the low TIMI score subgroup( P<0.05). In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, MHR was an independent predictor of high TIMI scores in acute STEMI(P<0.05). In correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation between MHR and TIMI score in STEMI patients( r=0.396, P<0.01). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of MHR was 0.815(95% CI: 0.734-0.896, Z=7.613, P<0.01). When the MHR optimal cut-off value was 2.380, the sensitivity was 55.22% and the specificity was 97.14%. Conclusions:MHR is significantly associated with the TIMI score in patients with STEMI.MHR may be used as a supplementary parameter for assessing the prognosis of STEMI patients.

Monocyte to HDL-Cholesterol ratio as an inflammation marker for ASCVDS / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Background@#Monocyte / High Density Lipoprotein Ratio (MHR) has become an inflammation marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and is a handy and reliable diagnostic marker at a low cost. @*Objectives@#to suggest MHR as a new inflammation marker for ASCVDs by comparing it with other risk factors of cardiovascular disease and assessing the significance in screening@*Methods@#This study conducted during October to December 2019 is a hospital-based cross sectional study, with a total of 396 clients, all 20 to 64 years old, were selected as subjects of the study using a certain criteria. @*Results@#78.47% of the male subjects and 34.31% of female subjects were diagnosed with dislipidemia, which shows us that males were diagnosed more frequently. The study sample consisted of 274 (72.87%) men and 102 (27.13%) women with mean age of 36.6±8.42 years (range, 20-64 years), 78.47% were male and 34.31% were females. 66.49% of total participants were newly diagnosed with dyslipidemia. An age group of 30 to 40 years old were recorded with the highest cases of dyslipidemia. Monocyte / High Density Lipoprotein Ratio (MHR) were 7.88 and 12.82 in dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic subjects, respectively and showed that there is a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). The 10-year ASCVD risk of 113 people aged 40-64 years, which were classified in low risk group (<7.5%) and in high risk group (≥7.5%) were assessed by pooled cohort equation and the results shows that risk percentage were 65.14% and 34.86% and there is statistically significant difference in MHR, which were 10.58±4.80 and 14.07±4. 90 in respective groups.@*Conclusions@#Prevalence of dyslipidemia in preventive screening were high in a group of 20-62 years old and the group of those were estimated high The 10-year ASCVD risk, also had relatively higher MHR. Moreover, there is a positive relation between dyslipidemia and MHR. These results show that it is possible to use MHR as a new inflammation marker in ASCVDs for early detection purpose.

The correlation between triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome, nutrition intake in Korean adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016 / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: Metabolic syndrome causes diabetes and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study examined the correlation between metabolic syndrome, nutrition intake, and triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio. METHODS: Using the data from the 7th KNHANES (2016), this study was conducted on healthy adults aged 19 and older. The components and existence of metabolic syndrome and nutrition intake were independent variables and the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio was a dependent variable. A complex sample logistic progress test was used with age, sex, smoking, and drinking frequency corrected. RESULTS: The TG/HDLcholesterol ratio of people with metabolic syndrome was as high as 1.314 on average, compared to people without metabolic syndrome (p < 0.0001). Among each component of metabolic syndrome, the TG/HDL cholesterol ratio had a significant association with fasting blood glucose, TG, HDL cholesterol, and waist circumference (p < 0.05). Only energy and carbohydrate intake were significantly related to the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The TG/HDLcholesterol ratio is associated with each component of metabolic syndrome, but in particular, it is positively correlated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Lower energy intakehad a positive correlation with the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio. These results show that metabolic syndrome can be predicted using the TG/HDLcholesterol ratio, and a diet strategy through nutrition and health education is necessary to prevent metabolic syndrome.

The roles of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and uric acid as predisposing factors for metabolic syndrome in healthy children

PURPOSE: To estimate the roles of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio and uric acid in predisposition for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in healthy children. METHODS: Anthropometric and biochemical analyses were performed on 110 children, aged 5 to 12 years, from the Greek county of Laconia. The children were studied as a whole population and in separate groups according to age and predisposition to MetS after taking into consideration International Diabetes Federation criteria, body mass index, and lipid profile. RESULTS: Seventeen percent of children exhibited predisposition to MetS, while 39.1% had TG/HDL ratio >1, and 3.64% had high level of uric acid. According to a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the relative probability for MetS predisposition sextupled when TG/HDL ratio was ≥1 (odds ratio [OR], 5.986; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.968–18.205). Children in the total population and those aged < 9 years had a greater probability for increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR, 3.614; 95% CI, 1.561–8.365) when TG/HDL ratio was ≥ 1. The TG/HDL ratio was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (P=0.035) in children without MetS, cholesterol in the total population (P=0.06) and children ≥9 years old (P=0.026), and with LDL in the total population and both age groups (P=0.001). The TG/HDL ratio was also positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase in the total population (P=0.033) and gamma-glutamyl transferase in most studied groups (P<0.001). Uric acid was positively correlated with waist circumference in the total population (P=0.043) and in those without MetS (P=0.027). It was also positively correlated with BMI, TG, cholesterol, and TG/HDL ratio and negatively correlated with HDL in most studied groups (P<0.005). CONCLUSION: The studied parameters correlated with MetS components and could be characterized as effective indexes for childhood MetS, regardless of age and predisposition to MetS.

Prediction by intravascular ultrasound with monocyte to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio of prognosis in patients with intermediate non-left main coronary lesions underwent percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prediction by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with monocyte to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) of 12-month prognosis in patients with intermediate non-left main coronary lesions after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Patients with intermediate non-left main coronary lesions diagnosed by coronary angiography were tested of monocyte counts and HDL-C levels at admission with MHRs calculated. IVUS was used to examine plaque stability in target lesions. Patients were dviided into stable plaque group (n=44) and unstable plaque group (n=140) according to the IVUS results. PCI was then operated in patients with unstable plaque or with minimum lumen area<4 mm2. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded during the follow-up period of 12 months after PCI. Results MHR was significantly higher in unstable plaque group than that in stable plaque group[(22.6±8.4) vs.(14.1±7.2),P<0.001]. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that an MHR cut-off of 16.05 had 74.2％ sensitivity and 77.0％ specificity for prediction of 12-month MACE after PCI (AUC 0.78, 95％ CI 0.71–0.85, P<0.001). Besides, unstable plaque with MHR over 16.05 was an independent risk factor for 12-month MACE after PCI (adjusted HR 3.26, 95％ CI 2.48–4.14, P=0.020). Conclusions IVUS combined with MHR is a valuable index predicting the prognosiso f patients with intermediate non-left main coronary lesions who underwent PCI.

Visceral adiposity index and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in hypogonadism

ABSTRACT Background Cardiometabolic risk is high in patients with hypogonadism. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are the practical markers of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance and independent predictors of cardiaovascular risk. To date, no study has evaluated VAI levels and TG/HDL-C ratio in hypogonadism. Subjects and methods A total of 112 patients with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) (mean age, 21.7 ± 2.06 years) and 124 healthy subjects (mean age, 21.5 ± 1.27 years) were enrolled. The demographic parameters, VAI, TG/HDL-C ratio, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured for all participants. Results The patients had higher total cholesterol (p = 0.04), waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.001 for all) than the healthy subjects. VAI and ADMA and TG/HDL-C levels were also higher in patients than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001 for all). VAI was weakly correlated with ADMA (r = 0.27, p = 0.015), HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.006), hs-CRP (r = 0.19, p = 0.04), and total testosterone (r = −0.21, p = 0.009) levels, whereas TG/HDL-C ratio was weakly correlated weakly with ADMA (r = 0.30, p = 0.003), HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.006), and total testosterone (r = −0.16, p = 0.03) levels. Neither VAI nor TG/HDL-C ratio determined ADMA, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP levels. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that patients with hypogonadism have elevated VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio. These values are significantly correlated with the surrogate markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, the predictive roles of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio are not significant. Prospective follow-up studies are warranted to clarify the role of VAI and TG/HDL-C ratio in predicting cardiometabolic risk in patients with hypogonadism.

Diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico, utilidad del índice triglicéridos/HDL colesterol en Pediatría / Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome, usefulness of the triglyceride/HDL cholesterol indexes in pediatrics

Introducción: se estima que la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la edad pediátrica, representa el 2-3 por ciento de todos los casos; sin embargo, en los últimos años ha mostrado un incremento de 10 veces. Objetivos: describir los elementos clave que permitan realizar una detección precoz desde la infancia, y destacar la importancia del índice triglicéridos/HDL colesterol como indicador de riesgo metabólico e insulinorresistencia, para lo cual se revisaron las bases de datos Medline/Pub-Med, SciELO, BVS España, la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica, Ediciones DOYMA y Elsevier, de los últimos 10 años (desde junio de 2005 a junio 2015) en inglés y en español. Desarrollo: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es el resultado de la interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales. El síndrome metabólico es una agrupación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de diabetes tipo 2. Se recomienda incorporar nuevas variables como el cociente triglicéridos/HDL colesterol para implementar estrategias preventivas. Consideraciones finales: se deben hacer pesquisas activas en las poblaciones de riesgo. La elevación del índice triglicéridos/HDL colesterol se relaciona con la insulinorresistencia y resulta de fácil aplicación(AU)

Introduction: it is estimated that type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for 2-3 percent of all cases at pediatric ages; however, there has been a 10-fold increase of the number of patients in the last few years. Objectives: to describe the key elements for early detection of diabetes in childhood and to stress the importance of the triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio as a sign of metabolic risk and insulin resistance. To this end, Medline/PubMed, SciELO, BVS Spain, the Ibero-American Society of Scientific Information, DOYMA and Elsevier Editions databases in the last ten years were reviewed (June 2005 to June 2015) in English and Spanish. Development: type 2 diabetes mellitus is the result of genetic and environmental risk factors. The metabolic syndrome is a grouping of cardiovascular and type 2 risk factors. It is then recommended to add new variables such as triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio to implement preventive strategies. Final thoughts: active screening should be performed in risk populations. High triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio is related to insulin resistance and the application of this indicator is easy(AU)

Evaluation of Maternal Thyroid Hormone Status and Atherogenic Potency in Pre Eclampsia in Kolar District- A South West of India.

Aim: To determine maternal thyroid hormone status and lipid profile in preeclampsia. Study Design: A prospective case control study consist of two groups such as group 1 normotensive non-preeclamptic group and group 2 as cases with clinically diagnosed preeclampsia Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre kolar, between January 2012 and June 2013. Methodology: A total number of 100 pregnant patients were enrolled in the present study. Amongst, normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women Group 1 (n=50) as controls (n=50). Group-2 (n=50) were preeclampsia cases. Five ml of blood samples were collected from each normal pregnant and preeclampsia patients. Thyroid hormone levels and lipid parameters were estimated using spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis carried out by using Mean ± SD, and ‘t’ test. Results: The Mean ± SD values of T3 ng/ml (1.56±0.38), T4 (1.37±0.36) mcg/dl, TSH (2.45±1.23) mcIU/ml in normal pregnants and T3 ng/ml (1.37±0.36), T4 (9.87±2.83) mcg/dl, TSH (6.15±5.51) mcIU/ml in preeclampsia cases were presented. Similarly Mean ± SD values of total cholesterol (181.62±44.33) mg/dl, HDL cholesterol (49.44±11.54) mg/dl, Triglycerides (198.10±49.84) mg/dl, LDL cholesterol (104.90±29.58) mg/dl, and Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (3.67) were from control group and total cholesterol (222.60±70.07) mg/dl, HDL cholesterol (45.92±11.81), Triglycerides (278.66±93.46) mg/dl, LDL cholesterol (116.52±49.26) mg/dl, and cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio (4.84) in preeclampsia were presented respectively. Conclusion: Pre eclampsia patients have higher levels of TSH and lower levels of T3 and T4 in comparison to normotensive pregnant women. This changes in the thyroid hormones did not correlate with the severity of preeclampsia between mild and severe pre eclampsia groups. Dyslipidemia was observed in pre eclampsia group than in the normotensive group indicates the possible atherogenic potential. This association may be useful in understanding the pathologic processes of preeclampsia.

The Link between Health-related Physical Fitness Level and Cardiovascular Disease-related Risk Factors / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the link between health-related physical fitness level and cardiovascular disease-related risk factors in adult male workers. METHODS: We tested cardiovascular disease- related risk factors (waist circumference, SBP, DPB, fasting glucose, TC, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C) and health-related physical fitness (VO2max, grip, Sit-up, Flexibility, Body fat) and divided health-related physical fitness level of the subjects into 3 groups - A (very good, n=56), B (good, n=59), and C (below-average, n=57) according to the criterion of the Health and Fitness counseling guidelines of KOSHA. The statistical techniques such as standard deviation, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression (p<.05) were used. RESULTS: There were significant differences between group C and group B & A (p<.001) in waist circumference, DBP, Fasting glucose, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C. In TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, Group C was higher than group B and A. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, we identified that improvement of health-related physical fitness level positively effects on the decrease of cardiovascular disease-related risk factors.

Índice triglicéridos/HDL-colesterol: en una población de adolescentes sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular

El índice Triglicéridos/HDL- colesterol (TG/HDL) es un recurso de fácil determinación y con buena correlación con el índice HOMA en adultos. Debido a la dificultad que representa la insulinorresistencia (IR) fisiológica de la adolescencia es necesario buscar marcadores de IR independientes de edad, sexo y estadio puberal. El objetivo fue determinar valores de referencia para el índice TG/HDL en una población de adolescentes sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular (CV) Se evaluaron 943 adolescentes, 429 mujeres y 514 varones, entre 11 y 14 años. Se determinaron medidas antropométricas y se calculó índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se realizó extracción de sangre luego de 12 horas de ayuno para determinar glucemia, triglicéridos, HDL. El síndrome metabólico (SM) fue diagnosticado según criterios de NCEP/ ATP III modificado por Cook. Se excluyeron los adolescentes con SM y aquellos con algún carácter del mismo. Ingresaron 562 adolescentes (289 mujeres y 273 hombres). Presentaban un peso de 48.91 ± 6.51kg; IMC de 18.95 ± 1.78, tensión arterial sistólica de 108.12 ± 13.60 mmHg, tensión arterial diastólica 63.82± 9.43 y perímetro de cintura 65.09± 4.54cm; Índice TG/HDL fue de 1.25± 0.43, con un percentilo 95 de 2.05. En el adulto el índice TG/HDL superior a 3 es un marcador de insulinorresistencia. Consideramos que un valor mayor a 2.05 podría ser un buen índice de insulinorresistencia en la adolescencia. El índice TG/HDL tiene la ventaja de ser metodológicamente más sencillo, más económico e independiente de la etapa puberal.

Triglicéridos/HDL- cholesterol ratio: in adolescents without cardiovascular risk factors. Triglicéridos/ HDL- cholesterol ratio (TG / HDL) is an easy resource determination and it has good correlation with the HOMA index in adults. Due to physiological insulin resistance (IR) in adolescence it is necessary to find markers of IR independent of age, sex and pubertal stage. The objective was to identify reference values of TG / HDL ratio in a population of adolescents without cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluated 943 adolescents, 429 females and 514 males between 11 and 14. Anthropometric measures were determined and body mass index was calculated (BMI). Blood was extracted after 12 hours of fasting to determine glucose, triglycerides, HDL. The metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to criteria of NCEP / ATP III modified by Cook. We excluded adolescents with MS or any component of it. We evaluated 562 adolescents (289 women and 273 men) with a weight of 48.91 ± 6.51kg, BMI :18.95 ± 1.78, systolic blood pressure of 108.12 ± 13.60 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure: 63.82 ± 9.43 and waist circumference: 65.09 ± 4.54cm. TG / HDL ratio was 1.25 ± 0.43, with a 95 percentile of 2.05. In adults, TG / HDL ratio greater than 3 is a marker of insulin resistance. We believe that a higher value to 2.05 might be a good index of insulin resistance in adolescence. TG / HDL ratio has the advantage of being methodologically simpler, more economical and independent of pubertal stage.

The factors related to serum total cholesterol high\density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol ratio in healthy adults

BACKGROUND: Recently, many large epidemiological studies revealed that total cholesterol (TC)/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio is a better predictor of risk for coronary heart disease than total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol as a single factor. Our study is designed to examine the factors associated with TC/HDL-C ratio in healthy Korean adults. METHODS: The study involved 6,584 adults who visited the SNUH Health Promotion Center from March 1997 to February 1998. We examined their demographic data, past medical history, smoking habits, alcohol intake and exercise through a questionnaire. Serum lipid levels were checked after 14 hours of fasting. We analyzed the data by analysis of covariance and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: 3,774 healthy adults (men 1,976, women 1,798) were statistically analyzed. The average TC/HDL-C ratio was 4.2+/-1.2 in men, 3.6+/-1.0 in women. TC/HDL-C ratio was highest in over age 70(4.4+/-1.3), and was increased as BMI, the amount of smoking increased, and was decreased as alcohol intake increased in men. In women, TC/HDL-C ratio was increased as BMI increased, and was lower in exercise groups(3.5+/-1.0) than inactive group(3.7+/-1.0), but there was no difference according to the smoking amount. Regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between TC/HDL-C ratio and BMI, smoking(P<0.05, respectively), and a negative correlation between TC/HDL-C ratio and alcohol intake(P<0.05) in men. In women, there was a positive correlation between TC/HDL-C ratio and BMI, age(P<0.05, respectively), and a negative correlation between TC/HDL-C ratio and exercise amount and alcohol intake(P<0.05, respectively). In both men and women, BMI showed the highest correlation with TC/HDL-C ratio. CONCLUSIONS: BMI, smoking, exercise as well as sex and age are related to TC/HDL-C ratio. Thus, primary physicians should consider correction of these factors.

Physical Fitness, Leisure Time Physical Activity, and Serum Lipid Levels in Middle-Aged Male Workers / 예방의학회지

This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationships between physical fitness, leisure time physical activity, and serum lipid levels in middle-aged male workers. Physical fitness was measured by a step test score, and leisure time physical activity was self-reported on a questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol was negatively related to physical fitness(r=-0.27), and positively to obesity index(r=0.27). But leisure time physical activity was related to total cholesterol negatively(r.-0.20) only in subjects whose total cholesterol levels were above 170mg/dl. High density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol was positively related to physical faintness(r=0.15), negatively to obesity index(r=-0.22), and positively to weekly alcohol consumption(r=0.14). Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was related to physical fitness(r=-0.23), obesity index(r=0.32), total cigarette index (r=0.13), weekly alcohol consumption(r=-0.13), and vegetable preference(r=0.13) physical fitness was also related to leisure time physical activity(r=0.19) and obesity index(r=-0.18). In multiple linear regression models, physical fitness(beta= -0.23) and obesity index(beta=0.18) were significantly associated with total cholesterol, obesity index(beta=-0.25) with HDL cholesterol, and obesity index(beta=0.30), physical fitness(beta= -0.16) and vegetable preference (beta=0.14) with total cholesterol HDL cholesterol ratio. In conclusion, as physical fitness has a stronger relationship with serum lipid levels than leisure time physical activity, and the association between physical fitness and leisure time physical activity is modest, physical fitness should be added as an important variable in addition to activity in future epidemiologic studies.