Psychometric properties of the FACES IV package for Spanish adolescents

The family plays an essential role in the life of an adolescent. Hence, an acceptable understanding and an evaluation of family functioning is fundamental for effective interventions with adolescents in the psychological, social, and educational fields. The main purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV), the Family Communication Scale (FCS), and the Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), for assessing the family functioning of Spanish adolescents. The sample was comprised of 1187 adolescents between 14 ?18 years old (49.96% boys and 50.04% girls; M = 16.17; SD = 1.31) from Castile and Leon (Spain), selected from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers for adolescents with either family or behavioral problems. The scales of Balanced Cohesion, Balanced Flexibility and Disengaged showed good convergent validity, while Enmeshed, Rigid, and Chaotic did not. For this reason some items were removed, obtaining a shortened version of FACES IV, that demonstrated acceptable reliability, and good convergent and predictive validity. The FCS and FSS scales yielded excellent psychometric properties. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the FACES IV, its transcultural applicability, and its validity for different ages. The hypotheses of the circumplex model were confirmed, except for the dysfunctionality of two scales, Enmeshed and Rigid, that contrary to what was expected, showed positive correlations with Family Communication, Family Satisfaction, Balanced Cohesion, and Balanced Flexibility. In brief, our results present the FACES IV package as a useful instrument for the assessment of family functioning of Spanish adolescents. Future studies will be necessary to confirm the trend observed for the two aforementioned scales among adolescents. (AU)

Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar de Wilson y Olson en una muestra de trabajadores de Arequipa / Psychometric analysis of Wilson and Olson's Family Satisfaction scale in a sample of workers from Arequipa

Resumen: En este trabajo se realizó un análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar de Olson y Wilson en una muestra de 274 trabajadores de la ciudad de Arequipa, con la finalidad de valorar su estructura factorial y ofrecer un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar la funcionalidad familiar en contextos laborales. Los resultados indican que la dimensión de Cohesión cuenta con un índice de confiabilidad de a = 0,858 y la dimensión de Adaptabilidad de a = 0,848. Asimismo el análisis factorial confirmatorio revela indicadores de bondad de ajuste adecuados, que confirman la estructura bifactorial de la prueba. También se ofrecen baremos con percentiles en tres niveles (bajo, moderado y alto) de la funcionali dad familiar, que permitirán valorar el sistema familiar como factor de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo.

Abstract: In this work we made a psychometric analysis about Olson and Wilson's Family Satisfaction Scale in a sample of 274 workers from Arequipa City, in order to value its factor structure and offer a valid and reliable instrument to test the family functionability in organi zational contexts. The results indicate that the dimension of Cohesion has an index of reliability of a= 0.858, and the dimension of Adaptability has a reliability index of a= 0.848. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis reveal indicators of adequate good fit ness index, which confirm the bifactorial structure of the test. Finally, we show percentiles in three levels, about the family functionability, so they could allow the evaluation of family as a factor of psychosocial risk at work.

Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala Satisfacción Familiar en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana, Perú / Validity and Reliability of the Family Satisfaction Scale in University Students of Lima, Peru

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar (FSS) en una muestra de 607 estudiantes de una universidad privada en Lima Metropolitana, con edades que oscilan entre 16 a 28 años. Se tradujo la escala con el método de traducción inversa; se realizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, identificando valores óptimos para una solución unifactorial. Asimismo, se analizó la relación con la variable comunicación familiar, que señala una correlación positiva, directa y con un tamaño del efecto moderado. En el análisis de invarianza según sexo, se encontró un nivel de invarianza débil. Finalmente, se reportan valores óptimos de confiabilidad. Se concluye que la FSS presenta evidencias de validez y confiabilidad, recomendando su uso.

Abstrac The present study is an instrumental research that aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the family satisfaction scale (FSS) in a sample of 607 students from a private university in Lima Metropolitana, aged between 16 and 28 years old. The scale was translated with the inverse method. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed, identifying optimal values for a unifactorial solution. The relationship with the family communication variable was analyzed in a positive, direct and moderated effect size. In the analysis of invariance according to sex, it indicated a weak level of invariance. Finally, optimal values of reliability are reported. It is concluded that the FSS presents evidence of validity and reliability, its use being recommended.

Análisis factorial de las escalas FACES (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales) con familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial / Factor analysis of FACES (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales) with Families at Psychosocial Risk

Resumen En este artículo se presenta un análisis factorial de las escalas FACES III con una muestra de familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial (N= 324). Los resultados no replican la estructura bidimensional original de la prueba, e indican que solo la escala de cohesión (prescindiendo de tres ítems) obtiene propiedades psicométricas aceptables en esta muestra. Las significativas relaciones de las puntuaciones de esta escala con las de otras dimensiones relevantes del microsistema familiar ofrecen algunas evidencias de la validez de esta solución. Se discute la necesidad de revisar la escala de adaptabilidad propuesta por los autores y reformularla para poder evaluar empíricamente este constructo formulado teóricamente desde el modelo circumplejo del funcionamiento familiar.

Abstract In this article a factor analysis of FACES III with a sample of families at psychosocial risk (N= 324) is presented. The original two-factor structure is not found, and only the cohesion scale (deleting three items) shows adequate psychometric properties with this sample. Significant correlations between the obtained scale and other dimensions of family dynamics (i.e., family self-esteem, parenting alliance and marital satisfaction) evidence validity. The need for reviewing and reformulating the adaptability scale proposed by the authors is discussed, in order to empirically evaluate this theoretical construct from the circumplex model of family functioning.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Comunicación Familiar en estudiantes universitarios / Psychometric Properties of the Family Communication Scale in College Students

Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Comunicación Familiar (FCS) en una muestra de 491 estudiantes de una universidad privada en Lima Metropolitana, cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 28 años (M = 20.31, DE = 3.08). La muestra se dividió en dos grupos proporcionales. En el primero se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, χ² (45) = 966.8, p < .001, n = 246, para comparar los índices de bondad de ajuste en modelos de uno, dos y tres factores y encontrar un mejor ajuste en una solución unifactorial GFI = .99, RMCR = .06. Posteriormente, en el segundo grupo, se llevó a cabo el análisis factorial confirmatorio al comparar soluciones de uno, dos y tres factores. Se evidenció un mejor ajuste en un modelo de una dimensión χ² = 80.31; χ²/gl = 2.36; CFI = 1.00; GFI = .995; AGFI = .992; RMSEA = .000; RMR = .050 (n = 245). Se analizaron los errores del modelo y la inva rianza por sexo y, finalmente, se estableció la confiabilidad con diferentes estimadores del alfa. Se obtuvo un alto nivel de consistencia interna. Se concluye que la FCS presenta adecuadas propiedades psicomé tricas, que apoyan su uso como instrumento de evaluación de la comunicación familiar en universitarios.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Family Communication Scale (FCS) in a sample of 491 students at a private university in Lima, Peru, aged between 16 and 28 years (χ² = 20.31, SD = 3.08). The sample was divided into two proportional groups. In the first, an exploratory factor analysis was made: χ² (45) = 966.8, p < .000, n = 246; extracting one dimension by the parallel analysis method, GFI = .99, RMCR = .06. Later, in the second group, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted: χ² = 80.31; χ²/d.f. = 2.36; CFI = 1.00; GFI = .995; AGFI = .992; RMSEA = .000; RMR = .050 (n = 245), suitably adjusted to a single dimension. Model errors and gender invariance were analyzed and finally a reliability alpha was established with different estimators, obtaining a high level of internal consistency. We conclude that the FCS presents adequate psychometric properties that support its use as an assessment tool for family communication in college.

Estrutura circular do checklist de relações interpessoais-II: considerações a partir dos dados de um processo seletivo / Considerations about checklist of interpersonal transactions structure: a selective process data

As representações circulares podem ser classificadas como quasi-circumplexas, quando apresentam características de bidimensionalidade, ou seja, as variáveis se reduzem a duas dimensões, e de raio constante. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo objetivou investigar o ajuste dos dados coletados por meio do Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II (CLOIT-II) ao modelo quasi-circumplexo a partir de uma análise confirmatória em uma amostra de candidatos a vagas de emprego. Para realizar o teste da estrutura foi feito o escalonamento multidimensional confirmatório. Usando pares de coordenadas de cada segmento do círculo, as escalas tiveram seus lugares estabelecidos no espaço euclidiano. Com vistas a investigar o ajuste ao critério de raio constante foi aplicado o teste de Fisher. Os resultados apontaram ajuste ao modelo quasi-circumplexo. Com isto, concluiu-se que o CLOIT-II é uma ferramenta com características positivas para o uso no âmbito da seleção de pessoal

The circular representations can be labeled quasi-circumplex when they show to dimensional characteristics, that is, the variables are reduced to two dimensions and a constant radius. From this perspective, the present study aimed to investigate the suitability of data collected through the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions-II (CLOIT-II) to quasi-circumplex model through a confirmatory analysis of a sample of candidates to jobs. To perform the test of the structure it was carried out a confirmatory multidimensional scaling. Using pairs of coordinates of each circle segment, the scales had their places set into the euclidean space. The Fisher test was applied in order to investigate the adjustment to constant radius criterion. The results showed adjustment to quasi-circumplex model. Thus, it was concluded that the CLOIT-II is a tool with positive characteristics for use in the context of personal selection

Analysis of Family Function and Mental Health State for Low-income Middle-aged Women / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of family function and mental health in low-income middle aged women using the circumplex model. METHOD: A descriptive research design was used. A sample of 116 low income middle aged women participated in the study. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III was used to measure the types of family function. Mental health was measured by the SCL. RESULTS: The types of family function identified were balance family (59.4%), extreme family (25.9%), and mid-range family (14.7%). Significant differences were found in mental health by the family cohesion (F=3.44, p=.019) and family adaptability (F=3.31, p=.023). The mental health status of extreme family was better than mid-range family and balanced family, but such result was not statistically significant (F=0.25, p=.783). CONCLUSION: The Circumplex model's main hypothesis was not empirically supported that extreme family has more problematic than mid-range family and balance family. These findings emphasize the need for the development of a family system model for Korean family.

Family Function and Successful Aging for Vulnerable Elderly Based on Circumplex Model / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to identify the relationships between family function and successful aging of vulnerable elderly using the circumplex model. METHODS: The participants were the elderly (N=401) who were over 65 years old living in H city under the National Livelihood Security Act. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III and Successful Aging Instrument were used. RESULTS: The family function perceived by the study subjects was average 43.20 +/- 16.62 out of maximum 100 points. According to the analysis on family types suggested by circumplex model, there were 183 people for balance family (45.6%) and 218 people (54.4%) for extreme family. The total points on successful aging were 1.67 +/- 0.37 out of 3 points. When the difference in points on the Successful Aging instrument were analyzed according to the scores on the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale those points of the balanced family were statistically significant (t=2.087, p=.038). CONCLUSION: In case of the balanced family type, the level of perceiving successful aging was relatively higher. For the improvement of family function, it is advised that the successful aging perception among vulnerable elderly can be uplifted through a program that enables effective communication with other family members.

The Analysis of the Family Function and Family Type of Kidney Transplant Recipients / 성인간호학회지

The main purpose of this study was to characterize and classify families of KT recipients and to identify family adaptability and cohesion, as family function, by the Circumplex model. A Cross-sectional survey approach was employed for this research project. The data was collected by the questionnaire method in 3 general hospitals in Seoul and Kyonggi-do, Korea. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales III was used. By Convenient sampling, a total of 190 subjects (Male 117, Female 73) with an average age of 39.7 years (range: 18-62 yrs.) participated. The mean age at transplantation was 36.8 yrs. (SD: 9.4 yrs.). On an average, the patients had received transplants 39.9 months previously. The data was analyzed by percentage of frequency, t-test, and one-way ANOVA by the SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. The mean family adaptability score was 30.26(SD: 6.6, range: 12-49) and the mean family cohesion score was 34.96(SD: 6.5, range: 15-48). 2. All of 16 distinct types of family system were identified. Among them, 'Flexibly connected types' (32 families, 16.8%) were the most common and 'chaotically disengaged types' (2 families, 1.1%) were the least common. 3. Dividing the 16 unit typology into 3 basic groups of types, 'Balanced types' composed 88 families (46.3%), 'Mid-range types' composed 76 families (40.0%), and 'extreme types' composed 26 families (13.7%). 4. The family adaptation differed according to age, education level, marital status, the diagnostic age of CRF, and level of recipient's perception of the family's importance. The family cohesion differed according to age, employment status, number of kid, and level of recipient's perception of the family's importance. In conclusion, by providing nursing intervention designed to increase family adaptability and cohesion, considering the socio-demographic factors of recipient and family, nurses may improve the recipient's family function and health, and also the recipient's health and quality of life.