Application of Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD) for the Brain Injured Patients: A preliminary study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD) through the on-road test in predicting the actual road driving skills in brain injured patients. METHOD: 25 brain injured patients with actual driving experience before the occurrence of diseases participated in the handicapped driving adaptation training program of our hospital as the subjects of the study, and one round of CPAD and on-road test were performed. CPAD evaluations and on-road tests for all patients were evaluated by the same therapist. RESULTS: 11 patients passed the CPAD and all of them passed the on-road test. 3 patients failed from CPAD and they turned out to be failed at the on-road test. The mean CPAD score of the on-road test passed group was 53.6 which was significantly different from the mean 43.6 CPAD score acquired by the on-road test failed group by showing a significant difference between two groups (p<0.05). Among the 11 patients who received the borderline CPAD score, 9 patients passed the on-road test. CONCLUSION: CPAD is considered to be useful in predicting the actual road driving skills of brain injured patients who previously had driving experiences before the occurrence of the diseases.

Relationship between Cognitive-perceptual Function and Functional Independence in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between cognitive-perceptual function and functional independence in stroke patients. METHOD: Thirty-three patients (16 male, 17 female) with first ever ischemic stroke were enrolled. Their mean age was 60.4 years and the mean post-onset duration was 8.1 months. Subjects underwent detailed cognitive assessment including digit span test, line bisection test, Albert test, Wechsler nonverbal memory scale, Korean Hopkins verbal learning Test, Rey complex figure test, and trail making test A. Their functional outcomes were assessed using Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). RESULTS: Among the cognitive subtests, Wechsler nonverbal memory scale, Albert test, and Rey complex figure test scores had significant correlation with both FIM and MBI scores. Patients with right hemispheric stroke showed significantly lower scores in line bisection test and Rey complex figure test than those with left hemispheric stroke patients. CONCLUSION: Visuospatial perception and nonverbal memory functions seemed to be two most important cognitive- perceptual domains for functional recovery of stroke patients.

Development and Application of Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving of People with Brain Injury - Comparison with Cognitive Behavioral Driver's Inventory

OBJECTIVE: We developed the Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD) to assess the driving ability of people with acquired brain injury. To find out the usefulness of this tool as a screening test for safe driving, we compared it with the Cognitive Behavioral Driver's Inventory (CBDI). METHOD: Subjects were 101 people with acquired brain injury who had driven a car before the injury. Each subject was evaluated with CPAD and CBDI. CPAD consisted of 8 tasks and 10 variables. We calculated CPAD score using 10 variables and compared CPAD with CBDI result and score. RESULTS: The average CPAD score was 49.65 7.97. According to CBDI test, the number of CBDI passing group was 36, borderline group was 27, and failing group was 38. CPAD variables and score showed significant correlation with CBDI score (p<0.05). There was significant difference in CPAD variables and score among the 3 groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CPAD can be a useful tool for assessing the driving ability of the people with acquired brain injury.