O causo dos cães de passagem na roça / El cuento de los perros que pasan por la granja / The tale of passing dogs in the small family farm

Resumo: Este artigo reflete sobre a singularidade das relações entre mulheres rurais e os cães que com elas constituem um relacionamento interespecífico. Objetiva contar sobre práticas que foram emergindo ao longo de uma pesquisa quando passamos a encarar seriamente a agência de animais a partir do cotidiano de uma agricultora pesquisadora alinhada à agroecologia familiar. Focalizamos os cães de passagem sem raça definida e que vão e vêm livremente entre as cercas que delimitam as propriedades rurais. Em diálogo com Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing e Vinciane Despret, apresentamos pistas para uma pesquisa multiespécie que opera por meio de causos. A pesquisa multiespécie nos convida a reflexões sobre práticas anticapitalistas que germinam na agroecologia, a nos determos no trabalho das mulheres agricultoras e dos cães na sua potência de autogoverno e de criarmos formas de cooperação multiespecíficas com alteridades significativas no projeto moderno-colonizador.

Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona sobre la singularidad de las relaciones entre las mujeres rurales y los perros que constituyen una relación interespecífica con ellas. El objetivo es relatar las prácticas que surgieron a lo largo de una investigación cuando empezamos a considerar seriamente la agencia animal basada en la vida diária de una agricultora investigadora alineada con la agroecología familiar. Centramonos en perros mestizos que van y vienen libremente entre las vallas que delimitan las propiedades rurales. En diálogo con Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing y Vinciane Despret, presentamos pistas para una investigación multiespecie que opera a través de historias. La investigación multiespecie nos invita a reflexionar sobre las prácticas anticapitalistas que germinan en la agroecología, a centrarnos en el trabajo de las campesinas y los perros en su poder de autogobierno y a crear formas de cooperación multiespecífica con alteridades significativas en el proyecto moderno-colonizador.

Abstract: This article reflects on the uniqueness of the relationships between rural women and the dogs that constitute an interspecific relationship with them. It aims to tell about practices that emerged throughout research when we began to seriously consider the animal agency based on the daily life of a farmer researcher aligned with family agroecology. We focus on mixed breed dogs that come and go freely between the fences that delimit rural properties. In dialogue with Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing and Vinciane Despret, we present clues for multispecies research that operates through stories. Multispecies research invites us to reflect on anti-capitalist practices that germinate in agroecology, to focus on the work of women farmers and dogs in their power of self-government and to create forms of multispecific cooperation with significant alterities in the modern-colonizing project.

Infográfico para gestantes e acompanhantes: tecnologia educacional no contexto do atendimento obstétrico / Infographic for pregnant women and caregivers: educational technology in the context of obstetric care / Infografía para embarazadas y acompañantes tecnología educativa en el contexto de la atención obstétrica

RESUMO: Objetivo: descrever o processo de construção e validação de infográfico educativo com orientações para gestantes e acompanhantes em atendimento obstétrico no contexto da Covid-19. Método: pesquisa metodológica baseada nas diretrizes da Instrucional System Design. Realizada de janeiro de 2021 a março de 2022, no Estado de Santa Catarina - Brasil, em três momentos: revisão de escopo; entrevistas com enfermeiros de uma Emergência Obstétrica; e elaboração da tecnologia educativa e validação com experts. A análise foi ancorada na análise de conteúdo com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: o infográfico aborda cuidados para prevenção da infecção Covid-19, orientações sobre início do trabalho de parto, quando procurar a maternidade e os cuidados na internação das gestantes. O infográfico obteve Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 83,3%. Conclusão: a tecnologia educacional foi considerada adequada para disseminação de informações e auxílio dos profissionais na promoção de saúde e na prevenção de agravos à população obstétrica.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process of construction and validation of an educational infographic with guidelines for pregnant women and companions in obstetric care in the context of Covid-19. Method: methodological research based on Instructional System Design guidelines and conducted from January 2021 to March 2022, in the State of Santa Catarina - Brazil, in three moments: scoping review, interviews with nurses from an Obstetric Emergency, and elaboration of educational technology and validation with experts. The analysis was anchored in content analysis with Content Validity Index. Results: the infographic addresses care for the prevention of Covid-19 infection, guidance on the onset of labor, when to seek maternity care, and care during hospitalization of pregnant women. The infographic obtained a Content Validity Index of 83.3%. Conclusion: educational technology was considered adequate for disseminating information and assisting professionals in promoting health and preventing injuries to the obstetric population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso de construcción y validación de una infografía educativa con directrices para embarazadas y acompañantes en la atención obstétrica en el contexto de Covid-19. Método: investigación metodológica basada en las directrices del Instrucional System Design. Realizado de enero de 2021 a marzo de 2022, en el Estado de Santa Catarina - Brasil, en tres momentos: revisión de alcance; entrevistas con enfermeros de una Emergencia Obstétrica; y elaboración de tecnología educativa y validación con expertos. El análisis se ancló en el análisis de contenido con el Índice de Validez del Contenido. Resultados: La infografía abarca los cuidados para la prevención de la infección por Covid-19, las orientaciones sobre el inicio del parto, cuándo acudir a la maternidad y los cuidados durante la hospitalización de las embarazadas. La infografía obtuvo un índice de validez del contenido del 83,3%. Conclusión: La tecnología educativa se consideró apropiada para difundir información y ayudar a los profesionales a promover la salud y prevenir lesiones en la población obstétrica.

Progress of companion diagnostics in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has achieved good efficacy in treatment of hematological malignancies. As a precise and individualized treatment method, CAR-T is gradually moving towards commercialization. In addition to the introduction of corresponding policies and guiding principles, the related detection protocols should also be updated and improved to maximize its effect and achieve precise individualization. This article introduces and expands the concept of "companion diagnostics" that first appeared in targeted drugs, and introduces the significances of various detection technologies and biomarkers for patient screening, safety monitoring and evaluation of efficacy and CAR-T function in the whole process of CAR-T treatment.

Lei do acompanhante na mídia: a pandemia e suas implicações nos direitos do parto / Companion Law in the media: the pandemic and its impacts on birth rights

Resumo Gestantes têm direito a acompanhante de sua escolha durante o período de internação, pré-parto, parto e pós-parto, em todo o território nacional garantido pela Lei 11.108/2005. Contudo, com a pandemia da covid-19, protocolos de saúde restringiram esses direitos sob o argumento de cuidados contra o vírus. Buscou-se compreender abordagens, atores envolvidos e argumentações sobre o descumprimento da lei de acompanhante durante a pandemia de covid-19 por meio de análise de matérias do portal G1 publicadas de março de 2020 a abril de 2022, utilizando o recurso de mapas. Os dados evidenciaram que o descumprimento da Lei do Acompanhante se concentrou no primeiro semestre de 2020 e as principais justificativas foram questões de biossegurança, falta de orçamento para compras de equipamentos de proteção individual e o momento atípico. Em vários locais foram necessárias intervenções jurídicas para cumprimento da lei, tornando-se pauta jornalística, e o caso mais emblemático foi o do Tocantins, cuja proibição perdurou até abril de 2022. Houve uma discrepância em relação à garantia do direito em diversos municípios e estados, apesar do Ministério da Saúde e diversos órgãos jurídicos terem emitido pareceres e protocolos recomendando a presença de acompanhante.

Abstract Pregnant women have the right to a companion of their choice during hospitalization, pre-delivery, delivery and postpartum, a right assured nationwide by Law no. 11,108, implemented in 2005. However, health protocols have restricted these rights on the grounds of mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, this study sought to understand the approaches, actors involved, and arguments presented about noncompliance with the Companion Law during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing G1 Portal news articles published from March 2020 to April 2022, using the map feature. Results show that failure to comply with the aforementioned law occurred most often in the first half of 2020, justified by biosafety issues, lack of budget for purchasing personal protective equipment, and the atypical moment. In several places legal intervention was necessary for compliance, becoming a journalistic agenda, with the most emblematic case happening in Tocantins, where the veto lasted until April 2022. Analysis showed a discrepancy regarding law compliance in several municipalities and states, despite the Ministry of Health and several legal bodies having issued opinions and protocols recommending the presence of a companion.

Application research of situation comedy teaching combined with peer teaching in clinical practice teaching of undergraduate nursing students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of situation comedy teaching combined with peer teaching in clinical practice teaching of undergraduate nursing students.Methods:A total of 96 undergraduate nursing students who practiced in a first-class hospital at grade 3 in 2019 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 48 nursing students in each group. The control group adopted clinical teaching mode, including group theory teaching and group operation demonstration. On the basis of this, the observation group additionally adopted the clinical teaching mode of situation comedy teaching combined with peer teaching. The differences between the two groups in the assessment of nursing knowledge and skills assessment, independent learning ability and teaching satisfaction were observed. SPSS 20.0 software was used for t-test. Results:After the implementation of clinical teaching, the scores of nursing comprehensive ability of nursing students in the observation group (87.71 ± 5.11) were higher than those in the control group (78.47±6.24) ( P < 0.05). The independent learning ability of nursing students in the observation group (98.80±10.61) was significantly higher than that in the control group (74.47±9.83), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The score of teaching satisfaction in the observation group (2.83±7.07) was significantly higher than that in the control group (50.17±6.75), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The application of situation domedy teaching combined with peer teaching in the clinical teaching of undergraduate nursing students can improve their independent learning ability and clinical practice ability. Meanwhile, the process of teachers and students participating in situational experience and peer analysis and discussion can increase the teacher-student interaction, and improve the satisfaction of nursing students with clinical teaching.

Physicochemical techniques for determining the composition of canine and feline uroliths: a literature review / Técnicas físico-químicas para determinação da composição de urólitos em caninos e felinos: uma revisão de literatura

ABSTRACT: Urinary lithiasis has been reported as a problem that affects humankind since ancient times and has been described in several animal species. The condition is a consequence of other diseases that may be present in the urinary system or related to other body disorders. The stone composition needs to be analyzed to identify the possible causes that led to the formation and development of uroliths. For this, several techniques are currently available, some of which are promptly accessible, while others are not. Thus, this literature review aimed to perform a brief introduction on urolithiasis, present the most used techniques in the analysis of the composition of canine and feline uroliths and point out the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

RESUMO: A litíase urinária foi reportada como um problema que atinge a humanidade desde a antiguidade e já foi descrita em diversas espécies de animais. A doença é considerada consequência de outras enfermidades que podem estar presentes no sistema urinário, ou relacionados com outros distúrbios do organismo. Para identificar as possíveis causas que levaram à formação e desenvolvimento de urólitos é importante analisar a composição dos cálculos. Para isso, existem várias técnicas disponíveis atualmente, algumas de mais fácil acesso e outras, nem tanto. Dessa forma, objetiva-se com a presente revisão realizar uma breve introdução sobre a urolitíase e apresentar as técnicas mais utilizadas na análise da composição de urólitos, em caninos e felinos, bem como apontar as vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma das técnicas.

Autoimmune disease biomarkers: from laboratory application to clinical precise diagnosis and treatment / 中华检验医学杂志

As the research on autoimmune diseases has been more developed and supplemented, the related markers started to play an important role in clinical prediction, disease diagnosis, concomitant diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and prognosis determination. Biomarkers such as neurological autoimmune disease indicators, special proteins, lymphocyte subpopulation, reproduction related autoantibodies are in urgent need of translation from laboratory studies to clinical precise diagnosis and treatment.

El derecho de la gestante a su acompañante durante el parto: previsión legal en los paises latinoamericanos y caribenhos / The right of the parturient to a companion during childbirth: legal provision in Latin American and the Caribbean countries / O direito da parturiente ao acompanhante durante o parto: previsão legal nos países do Caribe e da América Latina

El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la presencia de legislación que garantice a las parturientes el derecho a un acompañante en el parto de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en el marco de la Comunidad de Estados de América Latina y el Caribe. A través de la investigación documental y bibliográfica, se observó que al menos 51% de los países de la Comunidad de Estados de América Latina y el Caribe, que representan 93.8% de la población respectiva, tienen regulaciones vigentes o en preparación sobre el parto humanizado y la presencia del acompañante. Hay evidencias de una incorporación progresiva de este derecho en la legislación de los países de la Comunidad de Estados de América Latina y el Caribe, de conformidad con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, pero todavía faltan estudios sobre su efectividad.

The objective of this study was to verify the presence of legislation that guarantees to the parturient the right to a companion during childbirth in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations, within the framework of the Community of Latin American and the Caribbean States. Through documentary and bibliographic research, it was observed that at least 51% of the countries of the Community of Latin American and the Caribbean States, which represent 93.8% of the respective population, have included or proposed regulations about humanized childbirth and the presence of the companion. There is evidence of a progressive incorporation of this right into the legislation of the countries of the Community of Latin American and the Caribbean States, in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations, however further studies on its effectiveness are still lacking.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a presença de legislação que garanta a mulher no trabalho o direito a um acompanhante na entrega de acordo com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, no âmbito da Comunidade dos Estados Latino-Americanos e da Caribe. Por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, observou-se que pelo menos 51% dos países da Comunidade de Estados Latino-Americanos e Caribenhos, que representam 93,8% da respectiva população tem regulamentos em vigor ou em preparação para o parto humanizado e a presença do acompanhante. Há evidências de uma incorporação progressiva deste direito na legislação dos países da Comunidade de Estados Americanos América Latina e Caribe, de acordo com as recomendações do Mundo Saúde, mas ainda faltam estudos sobre sua eficácia.

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements from Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) isolates from dogs in a center for veterinary diagnostics in Brazil / Cassetes cromossômicos estafilocócicos mec de isolados do grupo Staphylococcus intermedius (GSI) de cães em um centro veterinário de diagnósticos no Brasil

ABSTRACT: Methicillin resistance in the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) has emerged in small animal practice. Methicillin-resistant SIG (MRSIG) members have been implicated as causes of infections in both companion animals and humans. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements carry the mecA/C genes, which encode for the transpeptidase PBP2a (PBP2') responsible for β-lactam antibiotic resistance in staphylococci. This study examined the SCCmec types of MRSIG isolates from different clinical specimens of dogs that exhibited methicillin MIC ≥ 0.5 μg/mL by an automated identification and susceptibility system in a Center for Veterinary Diagnostics in São Paulo, Brazil. Susceptibility to methicillin was determined by broth microdilution testing, and Oxoid® M.I.C.Evaluator® strips. PBP2a production was detected using a latex agglutination assay. SCCmec typing was performed according to the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC) guidelines. SCCmec type II (2A), SCCmec type III (3A), composite SCC structures consisting of a class A mec gene complex in addition to multiple ccr gene complexes, and non-typable SCCmec elements were reported in these MRSIG isolates. SCCmec type variants differing from those so far acknowledged by IWG-SCC were found, indicating new rearrangements in the genetic context of mecA in these canine MRSIG isolates.

RESUMO: A resistência à meticilina no grupo Staphylococcus intermedius (GSI) tem aumentado na clínica de pequenos animais. Membros GSI resistentes à meticilina (GSIRM) têm sido causas de infecções tanto em animais de companhia e humanos. Cassetes cromossômicos estafilocócicos mec (SCCmec) carregam os genes mecA/C, que codificam a transpeptidase PBP2a (PBP2') responsável pela resistência aos antibióticos β-lactâmicos em estafilococos. Nosso objetivo foi investigar os elementos SCCmec de GSIRM isolados de diferentes amostras clínicas de cães que exibiram CIM de meticilina ≥ 0,5 μg/mL por meio de um sistema automatizado em um Centro Veterinário de Diagnósticos em São Paulo, Brasil. A sensibilidade à meticilina foi determinada por meio do teste de microdiluição em caldo e fitas Oxoid® M.I.C.Evaluator®. A produção de PBP2a foi detectada usando um ensaio de aglutinação de látex. A tipagem dos elementos SCCmec foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes do International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC). SCCmec tipo II (2A), SCCmec tipo III (3A), SCC compostos de um complexo mec de classe A com múltiplos complexos ccr, e elementos SCCmec não tipáveis foram encontrados nesses isolados GSIRM. Variantes que diferem dos elementos SCCmec reconhecidos até o momento pelo IWG-SCC foram encontradas, indicando novos rearranjos no contexto genético de mecA nesses isolados GSIRM caninos.

mcr-1-carrying Enterobacteriaceae isolated from companion animals in Brazil / Enterobacteriaceae portadora de mcr-1 em isolados clínicos de animais de companhia: primeiro relato no Brasil

Plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance was first described in 2015, in China, in Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) gene. Since then, it has become a major public health challenge worldwide, representing a major threat to human and animal health. In addition, there are still few reports on the prevalence of mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from humans, animals and food. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene in bacterial isolates with phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B obtained from clinical specimens of companion animals. Phenotypic resistance to polymyxin B were determined by broth microdilution and the susceptibility profile to other antimicrobials (amikacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, ertapenem, gentamicin, imipenem, marbofloxacin, meropenem, phosphomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/clavulanate, tobramycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) by disc-diffusion agar method. The extraction of bacterial DNA was performed via heat shock followed by spectrophotometric evaluation. To verify the presence of mcr-1, the Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed using specific primers, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The positive isolates had the corresponding amplicons sequenced. In this study, there were identified the first isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. carrying the mcr-1 gene derived from specimens of companion animals in Brazil. Our results suggest the dissemination of resistance to polymyxins in the community and the environment, highlighting the need for surveillance and optimized treatment guidelines.(AU)

A resistência à polimixina mediada por plasmídeo teve sua primeira descrição em 2015, na China, em Escherichia coli portadora do gene mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance-1) e a partir de então tornou-se um grande desafio para a saúde pública em todo o mundo, constituindo uma grande ameaça à saúde humana e animal. Além disso, ainda existem poucos relatos sobre a prevalência de mcr-1 em Enterobacteriaceae isoladas de humanos, animais e alimentos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi investigar a ocorrência do gene mcr-1 em isolados bacterianos com resistência fenotípica à polimixina B, oriundos de materiais clínicos de animais de companhia. A resistência fenotípica à polimixina B foi determinada por microdiluição em caldo e o perfil de sensibilidade aos demais antimicrobianos (amicacina, amoxicilina/clavulanato, ampicilina, ampicilina/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolina, cefepime, cefotaxima, cefoxitina, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, cloranfenicol, ciprofloxacina, doxiciclina, ertapenem, gentamicina, imipinem, marbofloxacino, meropenem, fosfomicina, piperacilina/tazobactam, tetraciclina, ticarcilina/clavulanato, tobramicina sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim) foram determinados pelo método disco difusão. A extração do DNA bacteriano foi realizada via choque térmico, seguido de avaliação espectrofotométrica. Para a verificação da presença do mcr-1 foi utilizada a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase com emprego de iniciadores específicos, seguida de eletroforese em gel de agarose. Os isolados positivos tiveram os correspondentes amplicons sequenciados. Nesse estudo foram identificados os primeiros isolados de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. e Enterobacter spp. portadores do gene mcr-1 derivados de espécimes de animais de companhia no Brasil. Este estudo sugere a disseminação da resistência às polimixinas na comunidade e no meio ambiente, destacando a necessidade de vigilância e diretrizes otimizadas de tratamento.(AU)

Correlation of PD-L1 Expression Tested by 22C3 and SP263 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Prognostic Effect on EGFR Mutation–Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma / 결핵

Investigation of Ecological Environment of Mountain Cultivated Panax ginseng and Their Associated Plants / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the ecological environment and associated plants of mountain cultivated Panax ginseng were investigated in Xifeng county，Kuandian Manchu autonomous county and Huanren Manchu autonomous county of Liaoning province，in order to provided suggestions on the development of the mountain cultivated P. ginseng in these areas and necessary reference materials for the analysis of ecological suitability of mountain cultivated P. ginseng. Method:The field survey was conducted through sample plot survey in the survey pattern ofbased on representative area-sample plot-quadrat，literature review and data collation， were conducted to record indicators， calculate relevant parameters and make summary. Result:The associated plants were investigated based on 42 samples of mountain cultivated ginseng collected. A total of 95 plant species were identified. The correlation analysis was made on the six main species with an occurrence frequency of higher than 33%， and they were all positively correlated. Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum was the strongest，which was followed by Schisandra chinensis， and Tilia tuan was the strongest in the arbor layer. The survey also found many problems in these areas，such as fewer large-scale planting bases， more scattered households，mixed germplasms，irregular planting techniques，simple planting mode and less sources of economic income generation. Conclusion:Xifeng county，Kuandian county and Huanren county of Liaoning province boast a superior ecological environment and abundant resources of mountain cultivated P. ginseng. The survey gets the whole picture of the ecological environment and associated plants of mountain cultivated P. ginseng in representative areas of Liaoning province，so as to provide the basis for the further development of mountain cultivated P. ginseng cultivation industry and the promotion of mountain cultivated Panax ginseng economy.

Diferencias de Género en Distintas Dimensiones del Vínculo Humano- Perro: Estudio Descriptivo en Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Gender Differences in Diverse Dimensions of the Human-Canine Bond: A Descriptive Study in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires / Diferenças de Gênero em Distintas Dimensões do Vínculo Humano-Cão: Estudo Descritivo em Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

Resumen Las mujeres parecen presentar más respuestas de afecto positivo hacia los animales. Sin embargo, hombres y mujeres refieren tener un vínculo intenso con sus mascotas. Los estudios sobre el tema han recibido diversos cuestionamientos. Considerando esto, se realizó un estudio descriptivo que comparó hombres y mujeres adultos custodios de perros (n=425) en tres grupos etarios (i.e., jóvenes, mediana edad y mayores), en seis dimensiones relacionales (i.e., interacción, cercanía emocional, costos, antropomorfismo, voluntad de adaptación y beneficios). Las mujeres mostraron mayores puntajes de cercanía emocional y antropomorfismo. Además, solo los hombres jóvenes mostraron mayor percepción de costos que las mujeres jóvenes. No se observaron diferencias en las demás dimensiones de acuerdo con el sexo del custodio. Se discute la significancia de los resultados considerando algunos aspectos sociocognitivos potencialmente implicados.

Abstract Women seem to show more positive affection responses toward animals. However, men and women reported having an intense bond with their pets. Studies on the topic have been questioned for different reasons. Taking this into account, a descriptive study was carried out, comparing adult male and female dog-owners (n=425) belonging to three age groups (i.e., young, middle-aged, and seniors), in six relational dimensions (i.e., interaction, emotional closeness, costs, anthropomorphism, will to adapt, and benefits). Women scored higher in emotional closeness and anthropomorphism. Only young men showed a greater perception of costs than young women. No differences were observed regarding the sex of the dog-owner in the other dimensions. The article discusses the significance of the results, considering some potentially involved socio-cognitive aspects.

Resumo As mulheres parecem apresentar mais respostas de afeto positivo aos animais. Contudo, homens e mulheres referem ter um vínculo intenso com seus animais de estimação. Os estudos sobre o tema vêm recebendo diversos questionamentos. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um estudo descritivo que comparou homens e mulheres adultos donos de cães (n=425) em três grupos etários (jovens, idade média e mais velhos), em seis dimensões relacionais (interação, aproximação emocional, custos, antropomorfismo, vontade de adaptação e benefícios). As mulheres mostraram maiores pontuações de aproximação emocional e antropomorfismo. Além disso, somente os homens jovens mostraram maior percepção de custos que as mulheres jovens. Não foram observadas diferenças nas demais dimensões de acordo com o sexo do dono. Foi discutida a significância dos resultados considerando alguns aspectos sociocognitivos potencialmente implicados.

Monitoring checkpoint inhibitors: predictive biomarkers in immunotherapy / 医学前沿

Immunotherapy has become the fourth cancer therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors are proved to be unprecedentedly in increasing the overall survival rates of patients with refractory cancers, such as advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. However, inhibitor therapies are only effective in a small proportion of patients with problems, such as side effects and high costs. Therefore, doctors urgently need reliable predictive biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor therapies to choose the optimal therapies. Here, we review the biomarkers that can serve as potential predictors of the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, including tumor-specific profiles and tumor microenvironment evaluation and other factors.

Antibacterial effects of sodium tripolyphosphate against Porphyromonas species associated with periodontitis of companion animals

Porphyromonas species are closely associated with companion animal periodontitis which is one of the most common diseases in dogs and cats and leads to serious systemic diseases if left untreated. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effects and mode of action of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na5P3O10), a food additive with proven safety, using three pathogenic Porphyromonas species. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of polyP3 against Porphyromonas gulae, Porphyromonas cansulci, and Porphyromonas cangingivalis were between 500 and 750 mg/L. PolyP3 significantly decreased viable planktonic cells as well as bacterial biofilm formation, even at sub-MIC concentrations. PolyP3 caused bacterial membrane disruption and this effect was most prominent in P. cangingivalis, which was demonstrated by measuring the amount of nucleotide leakage from the cells. To further investigate the mode of action of polyP3, high-throughput whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed using P. gulae. Approximately 30% of the total genes of P. gulae were differentially expressed by polyP3 (> 4-fold, adjusted p value < 0.01). PolyP3 influenced the expression of the P. gulae genes related to the biosynthesis of thiamine, ubiquinone, and peptidoglycan. Collectively, polyP3 has excellent antibacterial effects against pathogenic Porphyromonas species and can be a promising agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria in companion animals.

Caracterización de cepas patógenas extraintestinales de Escherichia coli aisladas de perros y gatos de companía de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from household dogs and cats in Buenos Aires, Argentina

El pangenoma de Escherichia coli se compone de un core conservado y regiones genómicas variables. El componente genético constante permite determinar la filogenia del microorganismo, mientras que la variabilidad genética ha permitido el surgimiento de cepas patógenas intestinales y extraintestinales. En este estudio caracterizamos genéticamente 85 cepas patógenas extraintestinales aisladas de caninos y felinos. Se utilizó el esquema de Clermont para agruparlas en relación con elfilogrupo de pertenencia (intestinal: Ay B1; extraintestinal: B2 y D) y se investigó en ellas la presencia de varios marcadores de virulencia (pap1-2, pap3-4, sfa, afa, hlyA, aer y cnf), así como de marcadores de patovares híbridos. El 69,4% de los aislamientos pertenecieron al filogrupo A; el 1,2% al B1; el 16,5% al B2 y el 12,9% al D. El gen encontrado con mayor frecuencia fue sfa (21/85), seguido de los genes pap1-2 y cnf (20/85) y pap3-4 (19/85). No se detectaron híbridos. Los aislamientos en animales deben ser estudiados debido al potencial zoonótico del microorganismo.

The pangenome of Escherichia coli is composed of a conserved core and variable genomic regions. The constant genetic component allows to determine the phylogeny of the microorganism, while genetic variability promoted the emergence of intestinal pathogenic strains and extraintestinal strains. In this study we characterized 85 extraintestinal pathogenic isolates genetically isolated from canines and felines. We used the Clermont scheme that includes intestinal (A and B1) and extraintestinal (B2 and D) phylogroups, virulence markers (pap1-2, pap3-4, sfa, afa, hlyA, aer and cnf) and hybrid pathogens. A percentage of 69.4% of the isolates belonged to phylogroupA; 1.2% to phylogroup B1; 16.5% to phylogroup B2 and 12.9% to phylogroup D. The most commonly found gene was sfa (21/85), followed by pap1-2 and cnf (20/85) and pap3-4 (19/85). No hybrids were detected. Animal isolates should be studied due to the zoonotic potential of the microorganism.

Amigos Imaginários: Contribuições para o Desenvolvimento Infantil / Imaginary Companions: Contributions to Child Development

Resumo A criação de amigos imaginários é uma manifestação de faz de conta comum na infância, que tem sido pouco explorada na literatura psicológica. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre esse fenômeno e o desenvolvimento da linguagem e da cognição social. Quarenta crianças entre 6 e 7 anos (18 com amigos imaginários e 22 sem) foram avaliadas por medidas de teoria da mente, compreensão emocional e vocabulário, bem como entrevistas para explorar o engajamento em fantasia. Uma entrevista sobre as experiências de fantasia da criança foi feita com 11 pais/responsáveis. Os resultados sugerem que o fenômeno se associa a um vocabulário receptivo mais desenvolvido e não é indicativo de déficits em desenvolvimento sociocognitivo.

Abstract The creation of imaginary companions is a frequent manifestation of pretend play in childhood, which has been little explored in psychological literature. The goal of the present research was to investigate the relation between this phenomenon and language and social cognitive development. Forty children between 6 and 7 years of age (18 with imaginary companions and 22 without) were assessed by theory-of-mind, emotion understanding and vocabulary measures, as well as by interviews exploring engagement in fantasy. An interview on children's fantasy experiences was conducted with 11 parents/caretakers. Results suggest that the phenomenon is associated with a more developed receptive vocabulary and is not indicative of deficits in social cognitive development.

Clinical application of companion diagnostics:Present and future / 中华检验医学杂志

The companion diagnostics (CD), which is closely linked to a particular therapeutic product ( including drugs and biologicals ) , can determine patients who are likely to benefit from the treatment, and which patients have significant increased risks of serious adverse reactions to this treatment . With the release of 2014 US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA)′s In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Devices Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff , the concept , scope, and usage specifications of the CD have become clearer .As the precision medicine and individualized treatment rapidly develops , the CD is progressing from the traditional field of oncology treatment to the treatment and prevention of other diseases.At the same time, the technology of CD is no longer limited to molecular biology test .More biomarkers are gradually being concerned about and the tests to detect them are expected to develop into CD .

The effects of stress management intervention for companions of patients with AIDS on psychological status and anti-viral treatment of patients with AIDS / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the effects of stress management intervention for companions of patients with AIDS on psychological status,quality of life and anti-viral treatment of patients with AIDS.Methods Totally 92 patients with AIDS and their companions were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,each with 46 cases.Both groups received routine nursing,the experimental group received stress management intervention for 4 months.Before and after intervention was complete,the GHQ-12 was used to assess the psychological status of companions in both groups.Morisky questionnaire,SF-12 and stigma scale were used to evaluate anti-viral treatment compliance,quality of life and stigma of patients in both groups.Results The differences in general health scores of two groups after 4 months were statistically significant.There were significant differences in scores of stigma,quality of life scores,anti-viral treatment adherence and anti-viral treatment between AIDS patients in two groups.Conclusion Stress management intervention for companions of patients with AIDS can significantly improve psychological status of companions,reduce the stigma of AIDS patients,improve the quality of life and anti-viral treatment adherence and the effects of anti-viral treatment for patients.

Kilovoltage radiotherapy for companion animals: dosimetric comparison of 300 kV, 450 kV, and 6 MV X-ray beams

Radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer in companion animals is currently administered by using megavoltage X-ray machines. Because these machines are expensive, most animal hospitals do not perform radiotherapy. This study evaluated the ability of relatively inexpensive kilovoltage X-ray machines to treat companion animals. A simulation study based on a commercial treatment-planning system was performed for tumors of the brain (non-infectious meningoencephalitis), nasal cavity (malignant nasal tumors), forefoot (malignant muscular tumors), and abdomen (malignant intestinal tumors). The results of kilovoltage (300 kV and 450 kV) and megavoltage (6 MV) X-ray beams were compared. Whereas the 300 kV and 6 MV X-ray beams provided optimal radiation dose homogeneity and conformity, respectively, for brain tumors, the 6 MV X-rays provided optimal homogeneity and radiation conformity for nasal cavity, forefoot, and abdominal tumors. Although megavoltage X-ray beams provided better radiation dose distribution in most treated animals, the differences between megavoltage and kilovoltage X-ray beams were relatively small. The similar therapeutic effects of the kilovoltage and 6 MV X-ray beams suggest that kilovoltage X-ray beams may be effective alternatives to megavoltage X-ray beams in treating cancers in companion animals.