RÉSUMÉ
Nutraceuticals, comprising supplements, herbal medicines, vitamins, and minerals, claim therapeutic benefits in addressing disease causes. Coined in 1989, the term denotes compounds promoting health. Projections suggest India's nutraceutical business will reach USD 18 billion by 2025, necessitating robust oversight. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, established under Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006, governs approvals. This study aimed to collate data on approved, refused, and withdrawn nutraceutical products and ingredients in India from 2020 to 2023. During this period, 58 out of 110 applications, constituting 52.7%, gained approval. Notably, 20-40% of applications related to nutraceuticals faced refusal or withdrawal within the preceding four years. Factors contributing to rejections and withdrawals include the sorting of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) as a pharmaceutical compound, non-compliance with recommended dietary intake, potential drug-like properties, misleading labeling, and insufficient evidence of product efficacy. Withdrawals often result from issues like adulteration, substandard ingredients, and noncompliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations. To surmount these challenges, FSSAI must establish rigorous regulations and guidelines for nutraceutical promotion, including public notifications for any modifications, with a concurrent expectation for industries to adhere to these guidelines in promoting public health. The collaboration of applicants/nutraceutical industry, and FSSAI would foster stable expansion, as evident in the CAGR for nutraceutical products and ingredients in India.
RÉSUMÉ
AIM: To investigate the application of biological amniotic membrane soaked in pirfenidone(PFD)and to evaluate its anti-scarring effect and toxic side effects on glaucoma model of rabbit eyes.METHODS: The right eyes of 72 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group, biological amniotic membrane group, mitomycin C(MMC)group and blank control group after the glaucoma model was established by anterior chamber injection of compound carbomer solution, and 18 rabbits in each group underwent trabeculectomy, in which the 0.5% PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group was placed with 0.5% PFD solution-soaked biological amniotic membrane under the scleral flap, and the biological amniotic membrane group was placed with normal saline-soaked rehydrated biological amniotic membrane under the scleral flap. In the MMC group, a cotton pad soaked in MMC was placed under the scleral flap for 3 min and immediately rinsed with normal saline, while the blank control group received no implant after the scleral flap was made. The intraocular pressure(IOP), filtration blebs, toxic side effects and complications were evaluated, and the histopathological changes in the filtration area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE), Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: The mean IOP at 14, 21 and 28 d after trabeculectomy were 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group<MMC group<biological amniotic membrane group<blank control group(all P<0.05). At 28 d after trabeculectomy, 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group had the best effect of anti-inflammatory hyperplasia and inhibition of collagen formation, the highest survival rate of filtration blebs, and the inflammatory reaction was mild.CONCLUSION: Biological amniotic membrane soaked in pirfenidone has more obvious anti-scarring effect on glaucoma model, with less toxic side effects and good safety.
RÉSUMÉ
Background Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath are closely associated with respiratory diseases and are linked to various metabolic reactions in the human body. A quantitative analytical method can provide technical support for studying VOCs related to various diseases. Objective To establish a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) method for the determination of 27 VOCs in exhaled breath. Methods VOCs in exhaled breath were collected using a Bio-VOC sampler and enriched with Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes before TD-GC-MS analysis. Standards were collected using thermal desorption tubes and optimized for thermal desorption conditions as well as chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions: The separation of the 27 VOCs was achieved by an optimized temperature program, the improvement of sensitivity by optimizing quantitative ions, and the increase of VOCs desorption efficiency by optimizing thermal desorption time and temperature. Limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and stability of the proposed method were investigated by spiking with a blank gas bag, and exhaled breath samples from 20 healthy individuals were collected for an application study of the proposed method. Results The thermal desorption temperature was 280 ℃, and desorption time was 6 min. A VF-624ms chromatographic column was selected for the separation of target substances. The initial temperature of heating program was 35 ℃, maintained for 1 min, and then increased to 100 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃·min−1 for 1 min, followed by increasing to 210 ℃ at a heating rate of 28 ℃·min−1 for 5 min. A quantitative analysis was conducted with a single ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Under these conditions, the 27 VOCs showed good linear relationships in their respective concentration ranges and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9990. The limits of detection of the method were in the range of 0.01-0.13 nmol·mol−1, the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.02-0.44 nmol·mol−1, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 80.1%-120.5%, with intra-batch and inter-batch precision ≤ 18.8% and 17.9% respectively. All substances can be stored at room temperature (23-28 °C) for 7 d and at 4 °C for 14 d. The proposed method was applied to exhaled breath samples from 20 subjects with detection rates≥ 80% (except for trans-2-pentene and decane) and a concentration range of 0.00-465.50 nmol·mol−1. Conclusion The established TD-GC-MS method for quantification of VOCs in exhaled breath is characterized by high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for quantitative determination of VOCs in exhaled breath, which can provide technical support for the study of exhaled breath VOCs.
RÉSUMÉ
The tumor microenvironment includes blood vessels， lymph， nerves， non-malignant cells， and their metabolites at and near the tumor lesion site， which interact with cancer cells and promote cancer progression. Rapid proliferation of cancer cells increases oxygen consumption， or abnormalities in the structure and function of blood vessels in solid tumors lead to a decrease in oxygen supply， forming a hypoxia microenvironment. The existence of a hypoxia microenvironment is a typical pathophysiological feature of locally advanced solid tumors， widely present in various types of human malignant tumors. Hypoxia microenvironment is a sign of tumor microenvironment and an important and complex system in the breast tumor microenvironment. Its formation and development are closely related to the growth of breast cancer， occupying an important position in the research and treatment of breast cancer. With its advantages of multiple pathways and multiple targets， the effective monomer and compound of traditional Chinese medicine can better regulate the hypoxia microenvironment of breast cancer， inhibit the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of breast cancer cells in the hypoxia environment， induce apoptosis， reverse their drug resistance， intervene in the metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer cells in the hypoxia environment， and inhibit their angiogenesis， thereby improving the quality of life of patients to a certain extent and prolonging the survival cycle of patients. This paper first summarized and discussed the effects of hypoxia microenvironment on proliferation， invasion， metastasis， drug resistance， immune function， metabolic reprogramming， non-coding RNA， iron death， and autophagy of breast cancer cells， which affected the occurrence and development of breast cancer， and it elaborated the mechanism behind it. Then， the paper elucidated the regulatory effect and mechanism of targeting the hypoxia microenvironment based on the two modes of effective monomer and compound of traditional Chinese medicine， so as to analyze and extract the deficiencies and directions of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the hypoxia microenvironment and provide a theoretical reference for the effective treatment of breast cancer.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To analyze the medication and compatibility law of TCM compounds with national patents for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); To provide reference for the new TCM prescriptions for the treatment of PCOS.Methods:TCM compound patents for PCOS were retrieved from the China National Intellectual Property Administration's Chinese Patent Announcement Website from the establishment of the website to April 20, 2023. SPSS 25.0, IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, and Cytoscape 3.8.0 were used to carry out frequency statistics, association rule analysis on the data, and a TCM core complex network and systematic clustering analysis were built.Results:126 compound patents were included, involving 392 kinds of Chinese materia medica, with a total frequency of 1 709 times. The medicinal property was mainly warm, the taste was mainly sweet, and the meridian was mainly liver meridian. High frequency drugs included Angelica Sinensis (46 times), Cuscutae Semen (44 times), Cyperi Rhizoma (42 times), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (41 times), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (37 times), etc. Commonly used medicinal pairs included Poria-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (support 16.67%, confidence 76.19%), Angelica Sinensis-Paeoniae Radix Alba (support 15.87%, confidence 80.00%), etc. The triple drug combinations were Cyperi Rhizoma-Pinelliae Rhizoma-Poria (support 12.70%, confidence 81.25%). The core prescriptions included "Poria, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Citri Rettculatae Pericarpium, Cyperi Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Epimedii Folium, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Morindae Officinalis Radix, Gleditsiae Spina, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma", etc. Potential prescriptions were "Hordei Fructus Germinatus, Setariae Fructus Germinatus, Sargentodoxae Caulis, Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Leonuri Fructus" and so on.Conclusion:The treatment of PCOS with TCM compounds with national patents mainly focuses on drying dampness and strengthening the spleen, tonifying kidney yang and nourishing kidney yin, promoting blood circulation.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Sangxing Zhike Prescription in treating postinfectious cough(PIC)of warm dryness invading the lung type.Methods A total of 66 PIC patients with warm dryness invading the lung type who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to June 2022 were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 33 patients in each group.The treatment group was given Sangxing Zhike Prescription combined with Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules,and the control group was given Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules combined with Chinese medicine placebo.The course of treatment covered 7 days.The changes in the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores of the severity of cough,the scores of cough symptom,and the scores of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome in the two groups were observed before and after the treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)During the trial,one case fell off from the treatment group and 4 cases fell off from the control group,and eventually 61 cases completed the observation,of which 32 cases were in the treatment group and 29 cases were in the control group.(2)After 7 days of treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 84.38%(27/32)and that of the control group was 58.62%(17/29),and the intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the VAS scores of the severity of cough,and the scores of daytime cough,nighttime cough of the Cough Symptom Score Scale as well as the overall cough scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the reduction of the VAS scores and the overall cough symptom scores in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,obvious improvement was presented in the scores of TCM symptoms of cough,throat itching,dry throat,foreign body sensation in the throat,sore throat and pharyngeal signs as well as total TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group when compared with the pre-treatment period(P＜0.01),whereas in the control group,only the scores of cough,throat itching,dry throat,and sore throat and the total TCM syndrome scores were improved compared with the pre-treatment period(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The post-treatment intergroup comparison showed that the treatment group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the scores of throat itching,foreign body sensation in the throat,and pharyngeal signs as well as total TCM syndrome scores(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(5)During the treatment process,no significant adverse reactions occurred in both groups,or no abnormal changes were shown in the safety indexes such as blood routine test,liver and kidney functions of the patients.Conclusion Sangxing Zhike Prescription combined with Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules exerts certain effect in treating patients with PIC of warm dryness invading the lung type,and its efficacy is significantly superior to that of Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsules treatment alone with relatively high safety profile.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective To discover new-structure active molecules in order to provide candidate compounds for anti-radiation drug research.Methods Conformational fixation and functional group conversion strategies were used to modify the structure of Ex-RAD before substituted 2H-benzopyran-3-formylaniline compounds were designed and synthesized.The anti-radiation activities of the synthesized compounds were screened via irradiated cell survival models and the cytotoxicity of the active compounds was examined.Western blotting assay was used to investigate the effects of the optimal compound on the expressions of apoptosis related proteins in irradiated cells.The anti-radiation activity of the optimal compound was evaluated through irradiated mice models.Results Twenty-one target compounds were synthesized,eight of which were found to significantly improve the survival of irradiated cells.Four compounds were selected for re-screening and cytotoxicity evaluation.Compound D19 was determined as the optimal compound that could affect the expressions of apoptosis related proteins in irradiated AHH-1 cells by Western blotting assay.Compared with the radiation group,the 30-day survival rate of D19 treated mice irradiated with 8.6 Gy of whole-body radiation increased by 70%.D19 showed protective effect on the blood system of non-lethal dose irradiated mice.Conclusion The novel compound D19 has shown strong anti-radiation activity and deserves more research.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective To investigate the effect of final vowel types on the voice onset time(VOT)of differ-ent stops in children with hearing impairment,and to provide a basis for the acquisition and correction of stop sounds.Methods A total of 22 hearing-impaired children aged 3～6 and 22 children with normal hearing were ran-domly selected-18 consonant-vowel(CV)syllables composed of 6 stops and 3 single finals were recorded,using first tone.Using Praat 6.1.29 software to analyze and extract the stops VOT.Two-way ANOVA was used for each stop,the dependent variable was VOT,and the independent variables were hearing status and final type.Results Children in the hearing-impaired group had articulation errors in/t/,/g/,and/k/.Hearing status had significant effect on the main effect of plosives/g/,/p/,/t/,/k/(P＜0.05),and the VOT of slurs/g/,/p/,/t/,/k/in the normal hearing group significantly greater than the hearing-impaired group(P＜0.05).The main effect of finals on the VOT of the stops/b/,/p/and/t/was significant(P＜0.05).Hearing status and final type had an interac-tive effect on the stop/t/,and the simple main effect showed that the difference in VOT of/ti/between the hear-ing-impaired group and the normal hearing group was greater than that of/ta/and/tu/.Conclusion The stops/g/,/p//t/,/k/VOT of hearing-impaired children are smaller than those of with normal hearing.The difference in VOT of/ti/sound between the hearing impaired group and the normal hearing group is greater than that of/ta/sound and/tu/sound.In the teaching of the initial/t/sound for hearing-impaired children,we can start with/ta/and/tu/with less difference,and the/ti/sound is consolidated later.Pay attention to breathing and oral exercise training,to lay a good foundation for clear pronunciation.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND:Endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell transplantation in the brain show great therapeutic potential for neurological diseases including ischemic stroke,repairing and replacing lost neurons,promoting synaptic remodeling,and inhibiting apoptosis.Traditional Chinese medicine and compound therapy for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation for the treatment of neurological dysfunction after ischemia have certain advantages,targeting nerve repair through a variety of ways,including promoting endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell survival,proliferation,homing,and inducing neuronal differentiation. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke,in order to provide a reference for the research and treatment of new drugs in ischemic stroke. METHODS:The articles from CNKI and PubMed databases about traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation in promotion of nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke from 2010 to 2022 were searched,with"supplementing qi and activating blood circulation;inducing resuscitation;traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);compounds;ischemic stroke;nerve repair;stem cells"as Chinese and English search terms.After excluding old and duplicate views,the retrieved literature was analyzed and collated,and a total of 124 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The definition of stem cells,ischemic stroke and the nerve repair pathway in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were sorted out.(2)The mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke was summarized,mainly including promoting stem cell proliferation,improving stem cell viability and survival rate,promoting nerve cell homing,inducing stem cell differentiation to neurons,inhibiting apoptosis of nerve cells,promoting axon regeneration,regulating angiogenesis and remodeling,improving the level of neurotrophic factors and repairing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.(3)Through the existing research,the relevant factors and signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicines and compounds for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were summarized,such as Nestin protein expression,DCX protein expression,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,vascular endothelial growth factor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,Notch signaling pathway,PI3k/Akt signaling pathway,BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.It provides a relevant reference for future research on ischemic stroke-specific drugs and new clinical treatment methods.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND:Compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule has good therapeutic effects on early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,but the exact mechanism of treatment is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule on fucosyltransferase 8,osteogenic gene and Wnt/β-catenin in bone tissue of rats with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into blank group,model group,low-,middle-,and high-dose drug groups(n=12 per group).In the latter four groups,animal models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were established by subcutaneous injection of imiquimod(once every 2 weeks,2 times in total)and gluteal muscle injection of methylprednisolone(once a week,4 times in total).The low-,middle-and high-dose drug groups were given 1.89,3.78 and 7.56 g/kg per day compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule solution by gavage respectively on the second day after the last modeling.The same amount of saline was given by gavage to the model group.Administration lasted 8 weeks.After the administration,micro-CT scan,histological staining,compression test,RT-qPCR and western blot were performed on the femoral head. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Micro-CT scan results showed that compared with the blank group,trabecular volume fraction,trabecular number and trabecular thickness were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while trabecular separation was increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule could increase trabecular volume fraction,trabecular number and trabecular thickness(P<0.05),and decrease trabecular separation(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that compared with the model group,the rate of empty bone lacunae was reduced in a dose-dependent group in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the blank group,the protein expression of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 was reduced in the model group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule increased the protein expression of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Results from the compression test showed that there was a dose-dependent increase in the maximum load and elastic modulus of the femoral head in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups compared with the model group(P<0.05).RT-qPCR and western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of fucosyltransferase 8,Runx2,alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,osteoblast-specific transcription factor and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were decreased in the model group compared with the blank group(P<0.05);compared with the model group,there was a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of the above indicators in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups compared with the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group,the mRNA and protein expression of Wnt2,low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin were decreased(P<0.05)and the mRNA and protein expressions of glycogen synthase kinase 3β were increased(P<0.05)in the model group;compared with the model group,there was a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt2,low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin(P<0.05)but a dose-dependent decrease in the mRNA and protein expressions of lycogen synthase kinase 3β(P<0.05)in the low-,middle-,and high-dose compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule groups.To conclude,the mechanism by which the compound Shengmai Chenggu capsule treats steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head may activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through the up-regulation of fucosyltransferase 8,thereby promoting bone formation.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed that the new compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster has a good effect in the treatment of acute soft tissue swelling. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster in the treatment of synovitis of the knee joint. METHODS:Seventy-two patients with knee synovitis were selected from Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from December 2019 to May 2021.These patients were randomly divided into a trial group and a control group,with 36 cases in each group.The trial group was treated with compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster,once a day,12 hours each time,while the control group was treated with Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel,twice a day.After 28 days of treatment,visual analog scale score,WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index score,quality of life score(SF-36),thickness of knee synovium and comprehensive curative effect were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Visual analog scale scores after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).Visual analog scale scores in the trial group after 7,14 and 28 days of treatment were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index scores of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index scores in the trial group after 7,14 and 28 days of treatment were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).(3)The SF-36 quality of life score in the two groups after 28 days of treatment was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).SF-36 quality of life score in the trial group after 28 days of treatment was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(4)After 28 days of treatment,the thickness of knee synovium in the trial group was less than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the effective rate in the trial group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(5)These findings indicate that compared with Diclofenac Diethylamine Emulgel,the compound cottonrose hibiscus leaf gel plaster can better relieve knee pain,enhance knee joint function,reduce synovial hyperplasia,and elevate the overall quality of life of patients.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used to treat neurological diseases.However,due to limitations of the blood-brain barrier,low survival rate and differentiation rate of stem cells at damaged sites,the therapeutic effect is limited. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills on proliferation,migration and astrocyte differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Male SD rats were treated with Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills for 5 days after continuous gavage.Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and serum was separated for later use.The effect of 5%,10%and 20%drug-containing serum on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of 10%drug-containing serum on lateral migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was observed by scratch test.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in Transwell cells.The effects of 10%drug-containing serum on longitudinal migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed by crystal violet staining and DAPI nuclear staining.Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes was observed by inducing solution with 10%drug-containing serum or co-culture with astrocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)10%and 20%drug-containing serum promoted cell proliferation more significantly on days 2 and 3,and there was no statistical difference between the two concentrations.(2)At 30 and 48 hours,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration in 10%drug-containing serum group was significantly higher than that in the control group.(3)The number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells filtered through Transwell cells in 10%drug-containing serum group was higher than that in the control group.(4)10%drug-containing serum might promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to astrocytes,but the differentiation effect was weak,and astrocytes might further promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes induced by drug-containing serum.(5)The results exhibited that the 10%drug-containing serum could promote the proliferation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.Co-culture with astrocytes may promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards astrocytes.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND:More and more studies have shown that oxidative stress should play an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis.Oxidative stress should cause the accumulation of oxidation activity,which will damage bone-related cells.Finally,it causes the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation,resulting in a decrease in bone volume and the destruction of the slight structure.Research in recent years has found that some natural products can regulate oxidative stress to treat osteoporosis.The characteristics of extensive sources and small side effects have obvious advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis,and the efficacy is objective. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the mechanism of natural product regulation of oxidation stress in treatment of osteoporosis,conduct a review based on the latest related research progress,provide reference and ideas for more natural products to treat osteoporosis in the future,and provide data support for the clinical application of natural compounds in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS:"oxidative stress,free radical,antioxidant,phytotherapy,plant extracts,medicinal plants,herbal medicine,osteoporosis,bone density,bone loss"were used as the keywords in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane,VIP,CBM,WanFang,and CNKI databases to search relevant articles published from January 2010 to February 2023.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed,and 64 relevant articles were selected by reading titles,abstracts,and full texts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Some natural products have antioxidant effects and can regulate osteogenic differentiation,osteoblast bone matrix mineralization,osteoclast-mediated bone resorption,proliferation,differentiation,activity,and apoptosis of bone-related cells by improving oxidative stress,thus affecting bone metabolism.(2)These natural products with antioxidant effects play a role in treating osteoporosis by improving bone remodeling balance.(3)The research on the combination of a variety of natural products to improve osteoporosis remains to be explored.(4)The use of natural products to regulate oxidative stress may become a powerful weapon for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis in the future.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease,which often leads to the death of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is extremely complex,with high refractory rate and mortality rate.There are only two kinds of drugs for its treatment,so it is urgent to develop new treatment methods to improve the prognosis of patients. OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS:"Traditional Chinese medicine,medical stem cells,ALS,immune response"were Chinese and English search terms.Articles were retrieved from WanFang,CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science and other databases from 2010 to 2023.Finally,69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The article summarizes in detail the five mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:mainly including the promotion of expression of closed zone protein-1 and closed protein-5 by traditional Chinese medicine such as borneol and astragaloside IV to rebuild the integrity of the blood central nervous system barrier.Fufangteng Mixture can regulate the receptor molecules on the surface of the natural killer cells to inhibit their autotoxicity.The complement system factors such as Scutellaria barbata and patchouli can inhibit their abnormal activation.Tripterygium wilfordii and Uncaria rhynchophylla inhibit the activation of microglia by mediating the production of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase.Zuogui Pill and Trichosanthes kirilowii Root promote the expression of interleukin-10 and regulate T cells to improve the immune environment.(2)Through existing research,five mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been summarized,mainly including reducing the expression of aquaporin 4 and reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase signal transduction to repair the integrity of the immune barrier;releasing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,prostaglandin E2 and other factors to resist natural killer cell toxicity;secretion factor H interferes with the activity of invertase and inhibits abnormal activation of the complement system;regulating the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system axis or secreting transforming growth factors β,which can change the phenotype of microglia and inhibit its activity by other ways;increasing the expression of interleukin-10 or activating the STATS phosphorylation pathway to restore T cell function.(3)At present,there are few studies on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Relevant research reports have shown that Jiweiling Injection can promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation and that Buyang Huanwu decoction combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.In the future,further exploration is needed to explore the synergistic treatment effect of both on refractory amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective To optimize the ethanol extraction technology parameters of Jinlei Compound through orthogonal experiment combined with beetle antennae search(BAS)-back propagation(BP)neural network.Methods On the basis of the optimal extraction concentration obtained by single factor investigation,the ratio of solid to liquid,extraction time and extraction times were set as the orthogonal test factors.The entropy weight method was used to calculate the comprehensive scores of the yield of luteolin,kaempferol,swertianin and dry paste.Then,the BAS-BP neural network model was established,and the optimum extraction process was predicted by the BAS.Results BAS-BP neural network optimized Jinlei Compound alcohol extraction process was as follows:solid-liquid ratio 1:10,extraction time of 0.5 h,extraction times of 3,the comprehensive score was 96.352 6.The optimal process parameters obtained by orthogonal design were:solid-liquid ratio 1:10,extraction for 0.5 h,extraction for 3 times,the comprehensive score 90.988 0.The comprehensive score of BAS-BP neural network model was slightly better than that of orthogonal experiment,but the difference between the two was small.The optimal extraction process of Jinlei Compound was determined by comprehensive production practice as the ratio of solid to liquid 1:10,extraction for 0.5 h,extraction for 3 times.Conclusion The optimized process based on BAS-BP neural network has higher extraction efficiency and good stability,which can provide reference for subsequent development and quality control.
RÉSUMÉ
AIM To explore the effect of Compound Fo'ercao Mixture on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS Rats were randomly divided into the blank group(n=10),and the model group(n=50)for the establishment of a rat model of COPD by 12-week cigarette smoke exposure combined with intratracheal injection of LPS.The successful rat models were randomly divided into the model group,the dexamethasone group(0.5 mg/kg)and the low,medium and high dose Compound Fo'ercao Mixture groups(6.8,13.6 and 27.2 g/kg),with 10 rats in each group.After 24 weeks of drug intervention,the rats had their lung function detected by animal lung function meter;their pathological changes of lung tissue observed by HE staining;their serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and MDA levels and SOD activity detected by ELISA;their pulmonary mRNA expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and caspase-3 detected by RT-qPCR;and their pulmonary protein expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and TNF-α detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group displayed obviously pulmonary ventilation dysfunction,damaged lung tissue and bronchus,decreased SOD activity(P＜0.01);increased serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and MDA levels(P＜0.01);and increased pulmonary expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and caspase-3 mRNA and TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and TNF-α proteins(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,all Compound Fo'ercao Mixture groups shared improvement in lung function indices levels and lung tissue damage;decrease in the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and MDA(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decrease in the pulmonary expressions of TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and caspase-3 mRNA and TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB and TNF-α protein(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION Compound Fo'ercao Mixture can improve the lung dysfunction and pathological injury in a rat model of COPD,and its mechanism may be associated with the regulated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To compare the efficacy of fractional CO 2 laser combined with topical delivery of fluorouracil versus compound betamethasone injections in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods:Clinical data were collected from 94 patients with localized, non-segmental, and stable vitiligo, who received fractional CO 2 laser combined with drug delivery at the Cosmetological Center, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from October 2018 to May 2023, and were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 40 cases in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection group, and 54 cases in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with compound betamethasone injection group. All the patients received the above treatment once a month for 5 sessions. A 4-level grading scale was used to evaluate the pigmentation improvement, and the clinical efficacy and safety of the two therapeutic regimens were compared. Comparisons between groups were performed using chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test, and t test. Results:In the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection group, there were 22 males and 18 females, their ages were 21.95 ± 12.88 years, and the disease duration was 25.46 ± 11.42 months; in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with compound betamethasone injection group, there were 36 males and 18 females, their ages were 22.26 ± 8.79 years, and the disease duration was 26.51 ± 12.81 months. One month after the first treatment, no significant difference was observed in the efficacy between the two groups ( χ2 = 1.39, P = 0.238). One month after the fifth treatment, 2 (5.0%) patients showed an excellent response, 4 (10.0%) showed a good response, 12 (30.0%) showed a mild response, and 22 (55.0%) showed a poor response in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection group; in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with compound betamethasone injection group, 8 (14.8%) patients showed a good response, 8 (14.8%) showed a mild response, and 38 (70.4%) showed a poor response; there was no significant difference in the efficacy between the two groups after 5 sessions of treatment ( χ2 = 2.35, P = 0.125). After either 1 or 5 sessions of treatment, there were no significant differences in the efficacy for lesions on the face and neck, trunk and limbs, hands and feet between the two therapeutic regimens (all P > 0.05). Comparisons of the efficacy for skin lesions on different body sites showed that one session of the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection was more effective for the treatment of skin lesions on the face and neck compared with those on the hands and feet ( P = 0.039) ; after 5 sessions of treatment, the two therapeutic regimens both showed better efficacy for facial skin lesions compared with hand and foot skin lesions ( P = 0.005, 0.049). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions such as pigmentation, infection and scarring between the two groups. Conclusion:The fractional CO 2 laser combined with topical delivery of fluorouracil and compound betamethasone injections showed similar efficacy and safety in the treatment of vitiligo, and both can be used as treatment options for vitiligo.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective:Molecular mechanisms underlying compound heterozygous mutations in a patient with inherited antithrombin (AT) deficiency.Methods:The proband was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in November 2018 with a one-day history of sudden syncope and limb twitching. Peripheral venous blood was collected from the proband and members of his lineages, totaling nine persons across three generations, and a family lineage survey was conducted. AT activity (AT:A) was measured using a chromogenic substrate assay, while AT antigen (AT:Ag) was detected through an immunoturbidimetric assay. Mutation sites were identified by means of Sanger sequencing of the SERPINC1 gene, and silico tools were applied to predict the mutational conservation and hydrophobicity changes. Recombinant plasmid expression vectors were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells for in vitro overexpression studies. The recombinant AT protein was characterized using Western Blotting, ELISA, and cellular immunofluorescence assays.Results:The proband was a 21-year-old man with type Ⅰ AT deficiency. His AT:A was 33%, along with a corresponding reduction in AT:Ag. The genetic analysis revealed there was a heterozygous insertion mutation at c.318_319insT (p.Asn107*) and a heterozygous missense mutation at c.922G>T (p.Gly308Cys) in exons 2 and 5, respectively. These mutation sites were entirely conserved among the homologous species. Additionally, hydrophobicity studies showed that the p.Gly308Cys mutation will decrease the hydrophilicity of amino acid residues 307-313. The in vitro expression studies indicated a reduction of approximately 46.98%±2.94% and 41.35%±1.48% in the amount of recombinant protein AT-G308C in transfected cell lysates and culture supernatants, respectively. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor (MG132) restored the cytoplasmic levels of AT-G308C protein to a level similar to that of wild-type protein. However, neither cell lysate nor culture supernatant demonstrated the presence of the recombinant protein AT-N107*. Conclusions:The heterozygous insertion mutation of p.Asn107* and the heterozygous missense mutation of p.Gly308Cys have been associated with reduced AT levels in proband. The p.Asn107* heterozygous insertion mutation may initiate the degradation of mRNA via nonsense mutation-mediated mechanisms, which would remove the defective transcripts, as well as the p.The Gly308Cys heterozygous missense mutation may cause the AT protein to undergo proteasome-dependent degradation by modifying the hydrophobicity of nearby residues in the cytoplasm.
RÉSUMÉ
[Objective]To analyze the chemical components of the compound essential oil for mosquito repellent,which was composed of Menthae haplocalyx Briq.,Spirodela polyrrhiza(L.)Schleid,Acorus tatarinowii Schott and Rosmarinus offiicinalis L.,and to evaluate its repellent effect.[Methods]The chemical components of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the repellent activity of the essential oil against adult Aedes albopictus was evaluated according to the"Efficacy Test and Evaluation of Space Repellent Products(Y-tube Method)".[Results]Fifty-eight main volatile components were identified,accounting for 98.28％of the total components of essential oil,eighteen terpenes(44.99％),nine alkenes(20.27％),five esters(14.07％),eight aromatic hydrocarbons(12.00％),seven alkanes(3.48％),nine alcohols(2.78％),two ketones(0.69％).The percent repellency(PR)of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil against Aedes albopictus was more than 90％on average.[Conclusion]There were many chemical components in the compound mosquito repellent essential oil.There may be a variety of chemical components such as menthol,menthone,α-pinene,etc,which had a repellent effect on Aedes albopictus,and the average repellent effect reached the A level.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus.Methods Wanfang database,CNKI,VIP,SinoMed,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of Compound Danshen dripping pills combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus.The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to May 2023.Two researchers independently completed literature screening,data collation and risk of bias evaluation.RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results Twenty-four RCTs with a total of 2 546 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that the treatment of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with conventional western medicine was better than that of conventional western medicine in improving the total effective rate of coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus[OR=4.93,95%CI(3.49,6.98),P＜0.000 01],plasma adiponectin[MD= 2.79,95%CI(2.30,3.27),P＜0.000 01],reducing fasting blood glucose[SMD=-1.06,95%CI(-1.24,-0.88),P＜0.000 01],postprandial two-hour blood glucose[MD=-1.53,95%CI(-1.71,-1.35),P＜0.000 01],glycosylated hemoglobin[MD=-1.56,95%CI(-2.01,-1.11),P＜0.000 01],homocysteine[MD=-8.47,95%CI(-8.89,-7.97),P＜0.000 01],low density lipoprotein[MD=-0.46,95%CI(-0.69,-0.24),P＜0.000 01],total cholesterol[MD=-0.45,95%CI(-1.11,-0.20),P=0.005],triglycerides[MD=-0.42,95%CI(-0.50,-0.34),P＜0.000 01],interleukin 6[SMD=-1.34,95%CI(-1.61,-1.07),P＜0.000 01],cardiovascular adverse events[OR=0.35,95%CI(0.19,0.64),P=0.000 6],incidence of adverse reactions[OR=0.45,95%CI(0.24,0.86),P=0.01].Conclusion Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease with diabetes mellitus is more effective than conventional western medicine treatment,and with better safety.However,due to the limit of the quality of the included studies and other factors,the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality clinical trials.