Résumé
A pandemia da covid interpelou diretamente as nossas sociedades de múltiplas formas, desde aspetos atinentes à confiança social na ciência até à possível hiperpolitização dela, passando pelas prioridades assignadas ao funcionamento dos sistemas económicos e às formas da sua regulação. Sendo o nosso ambiente cultural marcado por evidentes traços de sinofobia, a experiência civilizacional de longo prazo da China é confrontada com a das sociedades ocidentais. As frequentes reclamações de maior intervenção económica estatal e de cooperação social entrecruzam-se com diversos outros problemas, designadamente as desigualdades sociais. O caso sueco foi também objeto de consideração, ficando expressa uma visão cética quanto ao seu valor enquanto modelo médico. São, enfim, destacadas várias complexidades e incertezas da situação presente.
The covid pandemic has directly tested our societies in multiple ways, ranging from aspects regarding social trust in science to its possible over-politicization, through the priorities assigned to the functioning of economic systems and their regulation. Given that our cultural environment is marked by obvious traits of Sinophobia, China's long-term civilizational experience is confronted with that of Western societies. Nowadays frequent claims of bigger state economic intervention and increased social cooperation intersect with various other problems, namely social inequalities. The Swedish case was also the subject of consideration, with a skeptical view being expressed regarding its worth as a medical model. Finally, several complexities and uncertainties of the present situation are highlighted.
La pandemia de la covid afectó a nuestras sociedades de diversas formas, desde aspectos relativos a la confianza social en la ciencia hasta la posible super-politización de la misma, pasando por las prioridades del funcionamiento de los sistemas económicos y sus formas de regulación. Tomando en cuenta los evidentes rasgos de sinofobia en nuestro ambiente cultural, la experiencia civilizadora a largo plazo de China se confronta con la de las sociedades occidentales. Las frecuentes quejas de una mayor intervención económica estatal y de cooperación social se cruzan con diversos otros problemas, especialmente las desigualdades sociales. El caso sueco fue también objeto de consideración, revelando una visión escéptica en relación a su valor como modelo médico. Se destacan varias complejidades y dudas de la presente situación.
La pandémie du covid a interpellé directement nos sociétés de façons multiples, dès les aspects touchant la confiance sociale dans la science, jusqu'à sa possible hyperpolitisation, tout en passant par les priorités assignées au fonctionnement des systèmes économiques et aux formes de sa régulation. Comme notre environnement culturel est marqué par des traits de sinophobie évidents, l'expérience civilisationnelle de longue durée de la Chine est confrontée à celle des sociétés occidentales. Les fréquentes demandes d'une plus grande intervention économiques de la part de l'Etat et d'une coopération sociale, aussi bien que d'autres problèmes divers s'entrecroisent. Le cas suédois a été lui aussi objet d'une analyse, et il en reste un point de vue sceptique concernant sa valeur en tant que modèle médical. Enfin, on met en évidence plusieurs incertitudes et complexités de la situation actuelle.
Résumé
Resumen: Las instituciones son las encargadas de promover, regular y garantizar la acción social coordinada entre los ciudadanos. Desde hace varias décadas la confianza institucional ha ido descendiendo. Esto genera un problema importante, ya que la confianza institucional es necesaria para la formación de instituciones. Dentro de las consecuencias negativas que esto trae aparejado baja confianza social. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre la confianza institucional y la confianza social en el contexto argentino, los niveles de confianza, y la relación entre la confianza y eficacia institucional. Para ello se elaboró un cuestionario auto-administrado que se aplicó a 316 estudiantes universitarios de cuatro universidades públicas y privadas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Los resultados indican que los participantes tienen una baja confianza institucional y social, que hay una relación entre la confianza institucional y la confianza social general, y finalmente, que la confianza institucional está condicionada por la percepción de eficacia de las instituciones.
Abstract: The institutions are responsible to promote, regulate and guarantee the coordinated social action among citizens. For decades the institutional trust has been declining. This creates a major problem because institutional trust is necessary for the institutions development. Among the negative consequences that it brings, it is found that the low institutional trust is associated with low general social trust. Because of that, people feel insecure in their relationships with others and have pessimistic thoughts about the reliability of strangers, which affects social cohesion, cooperation, collective connection and tolerance between citizens, among other things. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between social trust and institutional confidence in the Argentinean context, confidence levels, and the relationship between institutional trust and effectiveness. For these purposes, a self- administered questionnaire was designed and applied to 316 college students from four public and private universities in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results indicate that participants have a low institutional and general social trust, there is a relationship between institutional trust and general social trust, and finally, that institutional confidence is influenced by the perception of institutions effectiveness. Despite this rather optimistic scenario, these results may help to identify the areas to start working out the problems of low levels of institutional and social trust. If the social confidence of Argentineans is greater than institutional trust, it should be strengthened these social ties as it will allow to improve social cohesion and participation, and believe that working together can improve and change the proper functioning of institutions. From this point, It is possible gradually increase the number of people as social networks. Also, as results shows from this research and previous ones, the Education in Argentina is an institution in which you trust, and it would be feasible to start and/or strengthen the process of change in educative centers. Although it is not an easy task, it is necessary for society to live better and more equitably.