Terapia de la resincronización cardiaca transvenosa en la población pediátrica / Transvenous cardiac resynchronization therapy in pediatric population

Resumen La disfunción ventricular izquierda y la cardiopatía dilatada (CD), debidas a la estimulación crónica ventricular derecha son complicaciones reconocidas en adultos y niños. La terapia de la resincronización cardiaca (TRC), ha demostrado beneficios en los adultos con disfunción ventricular izquierda (FEVI < 35%), deterioro de la clase funcional y bloqueo de la rama izquierda (intrínseco o inducido por estimulación). En los niños la incidencia de cardiomiopatía dilatada es desconocida y no existen guías o grandes estudios sobre la resincronización cardiaca, por lo que no es posible extrapolar las recomendaciones de los pacientes adultos. Se presenta la experiencia en una paciente con bloqueo A-V completo postquirúrgico tras corrección de cardiopatía congénita, portadora de un marcapaso quien desarrolló la falla cardiaca, esta fue tratada exitosamente mediante la resincronización biventricular en dos oportunidades, con recuperación de la clase funcional y los parámetros hemodinámicos.

Abstract Left ventricular dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) caused by right ventricular chronic stimulation are recognised complications in adults and children. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has shown benefits in adults with left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF < 35%), deterioration of functional class and left bundle-branch block (instrinsic or induced by stimulation). Incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy in children is unknown, and there are no guides or big studies about cardiac resynchronization therapy, so recommendations for adult patients cannot be extrapolated. The experience of a female patient with a pacemaker and postoperative complete AV block after correction of a congenital heart disease is presented; she developed heart failure that was successfully treated with biventricular resynchronization in two opportunities, with recovery of functional class and hemodynamic parametres.

The combined use of cardioangiography and ultrasonography in interventional therapy for congenital heart disease in children / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To assess the respective value and limitation of cardioangiography and ultrasonography in interventional therapy for congenital heart disease in children,and to discuss the clinical significance of the combined use of both examinations. Methods A total of 162 children with congenital heart disease,screened by ultrasonography,were enrolled in this study.The disorders included VSD(n=50),PDA(n=96)and PS(n=16).Before the interventional therapy all the cases accepted cardioangiography and ultrasonography examinations,and the diameter of the abnormal passage was measured.The difference in the diameter between two examinations was compared and statistically analyzed by using paired t test.All the cases accepted both examinations after the interventional therapy to check the location of the occluder and the result of balloon dilatation.Results Both cardiovascular angiography and ultrasonography could make a definite diagnosis of congenital bean disease in children,and could well display the location and shape of the abnormalities.The diameter of VSD(n=50)measured by cardioangiography and ultrasonography was(4.93±2.73)mm and(5.66±2.77)mm respectively,with no significant statistical difference existing between two methods(P＞0.05).The diameter at the narrowest site of PDA(n=96)measured by cardioangiography and ultrasonography was(3.22±1.45)mm and(3.96±1.42)mm respectively,with a significant difference existing between two methods(P＜0.05).In 16 PS cases,the diameter of valvular ring determined on cardioangiogram and on ultrasonogram wag(16.16±4.26)mm and(17.94±5.50)mm respectively,with no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).During the operation of VSD,the monitoring ultrasonography revealed that the valvular opening and closing was interfered by the occluder in 9 cases,so the occluder was re-adjusted till it was fixed to proper position. After the interventional therapy for VSD and PDA,cardioangiography detected a small residual shunt in 7 cases,which completely disappeared 24 hours later on ultrasonography.After balloon dilation in all 16 children with PS the right ventricle-pulmonary artery pressure difference was reduced by more than 50%and the pressure figure reached the standard of clinical Cure.The interventional procedure was successfully completed in all patients except for three cases. Conclusion In treating children of congenital heart disease with interventional procedures,the determination of the lesion's diameter and the selection of the occluder should be based on cardioangiographic measurement,although ultrasonography is more helpful in making preoperative screening and postoperative evaluation.