Résumé
El objetivo fue conocer las plantas utilizadas en la medicina tradicional de cuatro comunidades de la Selva Zoque, Chiapas, MeÌxico. En cada comunidad, se aplicaron 30 entrevistas semiestructuras. El listado floriÌstico medicinal estuvo conformado por 113 especies, 96 geÌneros y 50 familias. Asteraceae, Fabaceae y Lamiaceae fueron las maÌs representativas. Se obtuvieron 84 indicaciones de uso medicinal, clasificadas en 13 enfermedades, gastrointestinales, dermatoloÌgicas y respiratorias, fueron las maÌs frecuentes. La hoja es la estructura de la planta maÌs empleada (72%). El cocimiento es la manera maÌs comuÌn de preparar a las plantas, y la viÌa oral es la forma maÌs frecuente de administrar la medicina. El uso de plantas medicinales es resultado de la experiencia e iÌntimo contacto con la naturaleza que la sociedad ha acumulado por generaciones. Este saber ha permitido que sobrevivan comunidades que habitan en lugares apartados, donde hay carencias de servicios meÌdicos.
The objective was to know the useful plants in the traditional medicine of four communities of Selva Zoque, Chiapas. In each community, 30 semi-structured interviews were applied. The medicinal floristic listing consisted of 114 species, 97 genera and 50 families. Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae were the most representative. There were 84 indications for medicinal use, classified in 13 diseases, gastrointestinal, dermatological and respiratory, were the most frequent. The leaf is the structure of the most used plant (72%). Cooking is the most common way to prepare plants, and the oral route is the most frequent way to administer medicine. The use of medicinal plants is the result of experience and intimate contact with nature that society has accumulated for generations. This knowledge has allowed communities that live in remote places to survive, where there are shortages of medical services.
Sujets)
Humains , Plantes médicinales , Ethnobotanique , Médecine traditionnelle , Forêts , Enquêtes et questionnaires , MexiqueRésumé
This work is based in the investigation about the persistence of the use of medicinal plants in the communities inhabiting the wetlands within IberaÌ Natural Reserve. From the participant observation and semi-structured interviews, together with the collection of reference plants, the use of 90 medicinal plants to treat 171 ailments, distributed in 12 body systems was recorded. In addition, the informant consensus factor was also calculated and a correspondence analysis was made. It was concluded that the use and knowledge associated to medicinal plants remains active, depending mostly of the native species. For this reason, the maintenance and access to the native flora by ancestral communities is suggested, to conserve the biological and cultural diversity of the IberaÌ Natural Reserve.
El presente trabajo se basoÌ en la indagacioÌn acerca de la persistencia del uso de las plantas medicinales por parte de comunidades que habitan los humedales circunscritos dentro de la Reserva Natural IberaÌ. A partir de la observacioÌn participante y de entrevistas semi- estructuradas, junto a la colecta de los vegetales testigo, se registroÌ el uso de 90 plantas medicinales para tratar 171 afecciones, distribuidas en 12 sistemas corporales. AdemaÌs, se calculoÌ el indice de uso del consenso de informantes y se realizoÌ un anaÌlisis de correspondencias. Se concluyoÌ que el uso y los saberes vinculados a las plantas medicinales se mantienen activos, dependiendo en mayor medida de las especies nativas. Por este motivo, se sugiere mantener el acceso hacia la flora nativa por parte de las comunidades ancestrales con el fin de conservar la diversidad bioloÌgica y cultural presentes en la Reserva Natural IberaÌ.
Sujets)
Humains , Plantes médicinales , Ethnobotanique , Phytothérapie , Argentine , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Zones humidesRésumé
The objective of this study was to find which medicinal plants were used by family farmers from rural areas located in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, and to characterize the habitat where they are cultivated. This research was conducted in 2011/2012, it included 43 farmers aged from 38 to 92 years of age, and it was grounded on the snowball method. A total of128 species belonging to 60 botanical families were found. Three cultivation areas are discussed, namely, backyard, grass field, and "capaÌo", a small forest fragment. Herbaceous and shrubby species were most commonly found in the backyard and grass field areas, while tree species were found in the "capaÌo". Medicinal plants were mostly located in areas that had been modified by farmers.
El objetivo de esta investigacioÌn fue identificar las plantas medicinales utilizadas por los agricultores familiares del aÌrea rural de Santa Catarina, sur de Brasil, y caracterizar el haÌbitat donde se cultivan. La evaluacioÌn se realizoÌ en 2011/2012 con 43 agricultores de 38 a 92 anÌos siguiendo la metodologiÌa de la bola de nieve. Se pudo identificar 128 especies pertenecientes a 60 familias botaÌnicas. Tres ambientes para el cultivo: quintas, pastizales y fragmentos forestales. En las quintas y pastizales predominan las especies herbaÌceas y arbustivas, mientras que las especies arboÌreas se localizaron en los fragmentos del bosque. Las plantas medicinales se encontraban principalmente en haÌbitats modificados por los agricultores.