Usefulness of the Phalen Test and the Tinel Sign in the Prognosis and the Impact on Quality of Life of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Undergoing Classical Open Carpal Tunnel Release / Utilidade do teste de Phalen e do sinal de Tinel no prognóstico e o impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo submetidos a liberação aberta clássica do túnel do carpo

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the Phalen test and the Tinel sign in the prognosis and the impact on quality of life in the clinical course of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome undergoing surgical treatment through the traditional open approach. Methods: The present is a cohort study on prognosis. We included 115 patients with high probability of receiving a clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome with indication for surgical treatment. All patients underwent the Phalen test and Tinel sign and answered the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire before and after the surgical treatment. Results: The estimates for the probability of the time until remission of the Phalen test at 2, 4 and 16 weeks postoperatively were of 3.54% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.16%-8.17%), 0.88% (95%CI: 0.08%-4.38%) and 0.88% (95%CI: 0.08% to 4.38%) respectively, and, for the Tinel sign, they were of 12.39% (95%CI: 7.13%-19.18%), 4.42% (95%CI : 1.65%-9.36%) and 2.65% (95%CI : 0.70%-6.94%) respectively. There was a reduction in the postoperative score on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire of 1.8 points for symptom severity (p < 0.001) and of 1.6 points for functional status (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Phalen test remission was earlier than that of the Tinel sign, but, when performed as of the second postoperative week, they were prognostic factors favorable to the clinical course, with improved quality of life.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a utilidade do teste de Phalen e do sinal de Tinel no prognóstico e o impacto na qualidade de vida no curso clínico de pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico por via aberta clássica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte sobre prognóstico. Foram incluídos 115 pacientes com alta probabilidade de diagnóstico clínico de síndrome do túnel do carpo com indicação de tratamento cirúrgico. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao teste de Phalen e ao sinal de Tinel, e responderam ao questionário de Boston antes e depois do tratamento cirúrgico. Resultados: As estimativas de probabilidade do tempo até a remissão do teste de Phalen em 2, 4 e 16 semanas pós-operatórias foram de 3,54% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]:1,16%-8,17%), 0,88% (IC95%: 0,08%-4,38%) e 0,88% (IC95%: 0,08%-4,38%), respectivamente, e, do sinal de Tinel, foram de 12,39% (IC95%: 7,13%-19,18%), 4,42% (IC95%: 1,65%-9,36%) e 2,65% (IC95%: 0,70%-6,94%), respectivamente. Na pontuação pós-operatória no Questionário de Boston, houve redução de 1,8 ponto para a gravidade dos sintomas (p < 0,001), e de 1,6 ponto para o estado funcional (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A remissão do teste de Phalen foi mais precoce do que a do sinal de Tinel, mas, realizados a partir da segunda semana de evolução pós-operatória, esses testes foram fatores prognósticos favoráveis ao curso clínico, com melhora da qualidade de vida.

Assessing the reaction to and efficacy of the Screener drug discovery and development board game as a pedagogical tool in postgraduate courses

Screener, a board game supplemented with online resources, was introduced and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics to postgraduate programs as an instructional tool for the process of drug discovery and development (DDD). In this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of five critical aspects for evaluating the quality of educational games, namely: 1) description of the intervention; 2) underlying pedagogical theory; 3) identification of local educational gaps; 4) impact on diverse stakeholders; and 5) elucidation of iterative quality enhancement processes. We also present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of this game in 11 postgraduate courses. We employed the MEEGA+ online survey, comprising thirty-three close-ended unipolar items with 5-point Likert-type response scales, to assess student perceptions of the quality and utility of Screener. Based on 115 responses, the results indicated a highly positive outlook among students. In addition, we performed a preliminary evaluation of learning outcomes in two courses involving 28 students. Pre- and post-quizzes were applied, each consisting of 20 True/False questions directly aligned with the game's content. The analysis revealed significant improvement in students' performance following engagement with the game, with scores rising from 8.4 to 13.3 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) and 9.7 to 12.7 (P<0.0001, paired t-test). These findings underscore the utility of Screener as an enjoyable and effective tool for facilitating a positive learning experience in the DDD process. Notably, the game can also reduce the educational disparities across different regions of our continental country.

A Study on the Cultivation Path of Professional Spirit of Medical Students into Ideological and Political Courses in Post-epidemic Era / 中国医学伦理学

In the post-epidemic era, medical workers have more responsibilities and the medical environment is becoming increasingly complex, so more exquisite medical technology and higher-level professionalism are needed. In the post-epidemic era, medical students’ cognition of the value of life itself, their reflection on the ethical relationship between life individuals and their understanding of the ethical relationship between freedom and responsibility make it more significance to strengthen the cultivation of professional spirit. The ideological and political course is the key course to implement the fundamental task of cultivating people with virtue. Integrating the professional principle education of "Life is the highest", highlighting the philosophical thinking education and strengthening the great anti-epidemic spirit education in the ideological and political course is an effective way to cultivate the professionalism of medical students in the post-epidemic era.

Case Study on Deductive Teaching of "Doctor-patient Communication" / 中国医学伦理学

By introducing the connotation of deductive teaching and analyzing the significance of early contact clinical course of "doctor-patient communication", the author reinterpreted the educational concept of deductive teaching combined with the characteristics of medical humanities, and reformed the early contact clinical course of "doctor-patient communication" by introducing deductive teaching method. Taking the early contact clinical course of "doctor-patient communication" of a medical university as an example, the teaching framework was designed to share experience from three aspects: teaching content, teaching process and teaching effect evaluation. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of the course and the needs of students, found out the problems encountered in the teaching process, and put forward constructive opinions and strategies, in order to provide theoretical and practical reference for the teaching of medical humanities course.

On the Path of Integrating Red Doctor’s Spirit into the Ideological and Political Course of Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

Red doctor’s spirit is an important part of China’s advanced revolutionary culture and a valuable resource for medical students’ ideological and political education. Under the background of the new era, integrating the red doctor’s spirit into the ideological and political course of medical students is not only conducive to encouraging medical students to bravely shoulder the responsibility of the times and actively participate in the cause of human health, but also helps medical students to inherit the red culture and strengthen cultural confidence, which is also of great significance to improving the vitality and effectiveness of ideological and political courses.Teachers of Ideological and political courses should deeply explore the new era connotation of the red doctor’s spirit and constantly improve the guiding force of ideological and political courses; using Virtual Reality technology to realize the visual expression of red medicine spirit and enhance the appeal of ideological and political course; skillfully use four kinds of classes to strengthen the recognition of ideological and political course.

Readiness and Challenges in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Teaching: A Preliminary Perspective Amongst Malaysian Secondary School Principles

@#Introduction: Malaysia has not legalized CPR teaching in the national curriculum, leaving it to school principals to implement the teaching of CPR who may have limited knowledge. This study aims to investigate Malaysian secondary school principals’ level of readiness, defined as knowledge, attitude, willingness to teach CPR, and barriers to implementation. Methods: Malaysian secondary school principals were invited to complete a survey that consisted of five parts: (1) demographics, (2) CPR knowledge, (3) attitude towards CPR, (4) willingness to teach CPR, and (5) barriers to implementing CPR teaching. Results: A total of 54 secondary school principals responded to the survey. Three (5.6%) principals passed the CPR test. More than 80% agreed CPR course is important for students, mandatory to be taken before graduation and best taught by certified teachers. Principals are willing to qualify themselves and teachers with CPR certification and to provide funding to support and hire an outsider to teach CPR courses. Funding, teachers’ readiness for skills and knowledge proficiency, and curriculum burden are perceived as potential barriers to successful CPR teaching. One-way MANOVA analysis showed that gender (p = .257), age (p = .108), qualifications (p = .321), teaching experience (p = .194), and administrative experience (p = .193) did not have a significant effect on the combined dependent variables. Conclusion: Malaysian secondary school principals are aware of the importance of CPR and were willing to acquire the knowledge, skills, funds, equipment, and support in ensuring its implementation in the national curriculum.

Percepción sobre el proceso de aprendizaje bajo el contexto de virtualidad en estudiantes de odontología / Perception of the learning process under the context of virtuality in dental students

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de odontología sobre su proceso de aprendizaje bajo el contexto de la virtualidad. Para ello se realizó la búsqueda de artículos científicos, artículos de revisión y tesis publicadas desde el año 2020 hasta el 2023. Las bases de datos de donde se recopilaron los estudios fueron: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, y Google Académico. Las opiniones de los estudiantes fueron positivas en su mayoría. Los aspectos positivos de la virtualidad se relacionaron a la flexibilidad de horarios, ahorro de tiempo y gastos extras; así mismo indicaron que resulta ser una manera didáctica de llevar las asignaturas teóricas. Por otro lado, los aspectos negativos se vincularon a las asignaturas clínicas y de laboratorio, señalaron que su proceso de aprendizaje durante la pandemia fue deficiente en estas materias. Sin embargo, algunos estudios demostraron que la virtualidad es una buena alternativa complementaria para los estudiantes de preclínica, debido a que los prepara para abordar al paciente con mayor confianza y seguridad. Se puede concluir que la virtualidad es un buen aliado en el aprendizaje de educación dental, algunos de los estudiantes alientan a que esta modalidad continúe a través del tiempo, sobre todo en cursos teóricos y preclínicos. La virtualidad puede seguir siendo parte de la educación dental en nuestro país, pero de ello también depende de las estrategias y metodologías de enseñanza que lo acompañen.

The objective of this article is to know the perception of dental students about their learning process under the context of virtuality. For this purpose, a search was carried out for scientific articles, review articles and theses published from 2020 to 2023. The databases from which the studies were compiled were: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The opinions of the students were mostly positive. The positive aspects of virtuality were related to the flexibility of schedules, time savings and extra expenses; They also indicated that it turns out to be a didactic way of carrying out the theoretical subjects. On the other hand, the negative aspects were linked to clinical and laboratory subjects; they indicated that their learning process during the pandemic was deficient in these subjects. However, some studies have shown that virtuality is a good complementary alternative for preclinical students, because it prepares them to approach the patient with greater confidence and security. It can be concluded that virtuality is a good ally in learning dental education; some of the students encourage this modality to continue over time, especially in theoretical and preclinical courses. Virtuality can continue to be part of dental education in our country, but it also depends on the teaching strategies and methodologies that accompany it.

Evolución y factores de riesgo de mortalidad en una cohorte pediátrica con enfermedad renal crónica en Paraguay: estudio multicéntrico

Contexto: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) tiene una alta morbimortalidad y un alto costo de tratamiento. Entre sus causas principales en Pediatría se describen las anomalías congénitas del riñón y las vías urinarias (CAKUT, por sus siglas en inglés) Objetivo: determinar la evolución y los factores asociados a mortalidad de una cohorte pediátrica atendida en dos hospitales de referencia nacional, con el fin de elaborar estrategias para el manejo precoz y multidisciplinario de esta enfermedad y, de esa manera, optimizar los recursos para reducir la morbimortalidad de la enfermedad. Metodología: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes de dos hospitales de referencia entre enero del 2000 y diciembre del 2020, en el cual se estudiaron: edad, sexo, seguro social, ingreso fijo, causa de la ERC, estadio de la ERC al ingreso y al final de estudio, requerimiento y tipo de diálisis, trasplante y óbito, donde el estadio de la ERC se clasificó según las guías K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Quality Iniciative). Por su parte, se relacionó óbito con edad, sexo, ingreso fijo, seguro social, estadio de ERC y requerimiento de diálisis. Se destaca que el análisis se realizó con el programa Epi Info (Atlanta), el cual usa estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi cuadrado para establecer asociaciones con óbito a un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: se estudió a 187 pacientes de entre 2 y 17 años de edad, 96 mujeres y 91 varones, donde la mayoría eran mayores de10 años (44,9 %). Entre las causas de ERC más frecuentes se encuentran las anomalías congénitas (CAKUT) (54,5 %) y las indeterminadas (16,6 %); el estadio de ERC al ingreso estuvo repartido entre I (2,1 %), II (16 %), III (25,7 %), IV (8 %), y V (48,1 %); además, el 59,4 % requirió diálisis, el 87,3 % hemodiálisis, el 12,6 % diálisis peritoneal y 13,3 % recibieron un trasplante; por último, la mortalidad fue del 24,5 %, lo cual se asoció con el estadio de ERC al ingreso y el requerimiento de diálisis. Conclusiones: este estudio de cohorte demostró mejores resultados en la evolución de los niños con ERC diagnosticados en estadios tempranos. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces ayudan a mejorar la morbimortalidad.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has high morbidity and mortality and high cost of treatment. Among the main causes are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Purpose: To determine the evolution and factors associated with mortality in a pediatric cohort attended in two national referral hospitals, in order to develop strategies for early and multidisciplinary management of this disease and, thus, optimize resources to reduce morbidity and mortality of the disease. Methodology: Retrospective cohort study of patients in two reference hospitals between January 2000 and December 2020. Age, sex, social security, fixed income, cause of CKD, CKD stage at admission and at the end of study, requirement and type of dialysis, transplant and death were studied. CKD stage was classified according to the K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Quality Initiative) guidelines. Death was related to age, sex, fixed income, social security, CKD stage, and dialysis requirement. Data analysis was performed with the Epi Info program (CDC, Atlanta), using descriptive statistics, and the chi-square test to establish associations with death at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 187 patients between 2 and 17 years of age 96 women and 91 men, were studied. Most of the patients were older than 10 years (44.9%). Among the most frequent causes of CKD are congenital anomalies (CAKUT) (54.5%) and undetermined (16,6%). CKD stage at admission was I (2,1%), II (16%), III (25,7%), IV (8%), and V (48.1%). 59.4% required dialysis, hemodialysis (87.3%), peritoneal dialysis (12.7%), 13.3% underwent kidney transplant. Mortality rate was 24.5%, which was associated with CKD stage at admission and dialysis requirement. Conclusions: This cohort study demonstrated better outcomes in children with CKD diagnoses at its early stages. The early diagnosis and treatment help to improve the morbidity and mortality.

Curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina

Introducción: El proceso de formación de alumnos ayudantes exige nuevas concepciones teóricas y metodológicas, que permitan el desarrollo integral de los futuros profesionales de la salud. Esto mediante acciones específicas que influyan educativamente en la ejecución de los planes y programas de la carrera de Medicina, desde una proyección científica y pedagógica. Objetivo: Diseñar un curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de los alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina de la Filial Universitaria de Ciencias Médicas, del municipio Cárdenas. Materiales y métodos: La investigación se sustenta desde la concepción dialéctico materialista. Los métodos teóricos fueron: histórico-lógico, análisis documental, sistematización, sistémico estructural funcional y modelación. Entre los métodos empíricos se emplearon: revisión de documentos, encuestas a alumnos ayudantes y tutores. También se realizó observación al desempeño de los alumnos ayudantes. La población fue conformada por 103 alumnos ayudantes y 38 tutores. Resultados: Las insuficientes acciones pedagógicas para la formación de alumnos ayudantes, se constatan como problema en los tres indicadores de la dimensión cognitiva y en dos de los indicadores de las dimensiones procedimental y actitudinal. En el diseño del programa del curso electivo se abordan los temas a desarrollar, para potenciar la formación pedagógica en los alumnos ayudantes. Conclusiones: Se presenta un curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina.

Introduction: The process of training assistant students requires new theoretical and methodological concepts that allow the comprehensive development of future health professionals. This by means of specific actions that educationally influence the execution of plans and programs of medicine studies, from a scientific and pedagogical projection. Objective: To design an elective course for the pedagogical training of assistant students in the medicine undergraduate studies of University Campus of Medical Sciences, in the municipality of Cardenas. Materials and methods: The research is based on the dialectical materialist conception. The theoretical methods were: historical-logical, documentary analysis, systematization, systemic structural functional and modeling. Among empirical methods used were: documentary review, surveys of the assistant students and tutors. Observation of the performance of assistant students was also carried out. The population consisted of 103 assistant students and 38 tutors. Results: Insufficient pedagogical actions for the training of assistant students are found as problems in the three indicators of the cognitive dimension and in two of the indicators of the procedural and attitudinal dimensions. In the design of the program of the elective course, the topics to be developed to enhance the pedagogical training of the assistant students are addressed. Conclusions: An elective course for the pedagogical training of assistant students in the Medicine undergraduate studies is presented.

Declaración de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría sobre la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles: la necesidad de fortalecer conocimientos y reforzar estrategias / Statement of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría on the prevention of noncommunicable diseases: the need to strengthen knowledge and reinforce strategies

Investigaciones de las últimas décadas revelaron que un ambiente adverso en la etapa de desarrollo puede producir una mayor susceptibilidad hacia fenotipos relacionados con enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes, hipertensión, trastornos neuroconductuales y otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Estas enfermedades, cuyo aumento ocurre especialmente en países con alta vulnerabilidad social, provocan muertes prematuras y constituyen la primera causa de muerte en la vida adulta, además de un elevado costo para la salud pública. Consciente de la necesidad de prevenir estas enfermedades desde los primeros mil días de vida, la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría creó la Subcomisión DOHaD y formuló una declaración para la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles a la que adhirieron otros países de Latinoamérica. La aplicación de las estrategias declaradas con acciones interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales sostenidas en el tiempo contribuirá a construir salud, a disminuir la carga de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y al mayor bienestar y productividad para los pueblos.

Research in recent decades has revealed that an adverse environment in the developmental stage can produce a greater susceptibility to phenotypes related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, or neurobehavioral disorders, among other chronic noncommunicable diseases. These diseases, whose tendency is increasing especially in countries with high social vulnerability, cause premature deaths and constitute the first cause of death in adult life as well as a great cost to public health. Aware of the need to prevent these diseases from the first thousand days of life, the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría created the DOHaD Committee and formulated a statement for the prevention of NCDs, to which Latin American countries also adhered. We believe that the application of the declared strategies with interdisciplinary and intersectoral actions sustained over time will contribute to building health, reducing the burden of NCDs, and to greater wellbeing and productivity for the people

Online Training for Primary Care Staff: Skills development on the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide / Entrenamiento en línea para personal de atención primaria: Desarrollo de habilidades sobre la Guía de Intervención para Superar las Brechas en Salud Mental (mhGAP)

Abstract Developing effective learning strategies to strengthen mental health professionals' capacities and deliver evidence-based interventions in their communities is urgent. We developed and evaluated an online training program for the Intervention Guide for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders in Non-specialized Health Settings. Nine hundred and seventy-five health professionals in Mexico were enrolled in the training program, during the period of social distancing brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed a pre-post online evaluation strategy including Knowledge screening, assessment of Learning Activities, and performance in Programmed-Simulated cases to evaluate knowledge and skills for the assessment, management, and follow-up of Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders. We found that participants improved their knowledge and skills from training on the mhGAP online course. Notably we observed these positive results regardless of sex, profession, institution, or social vulnerability rating of participants, suggesting that this is a relevant training program for primary care staff. These results contribute to the Mental Health Gap Action Programme and advance the use of online teaching and evaluation technologies in this field.

Resumen El desarrollo de estrategias efectivas de aprendizaje para fortalecer las competencias de los profesionales de la salud mental y brindar intervenciones basadas en evidencia en sus comunidades es necesario. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar un programa de entrenamiento en línea para la Guía de Intervención en Trastornos Mentales, Neurológicos y por Uso de Sustancias en nivel de atención de salud no especializada. Participaron 975 profesionales de la salud mexicanos durante el período de distanciamiento social provocado por la pandemia de COVID-19. Los participantes completaron una evaluación previa y posterior que incluyó un cuestionario de conocimientos, actividades de aprendizaje y la ejecución en casos simulados programados para evaluar el conocimiento y las habilidades para la evaluación, el manejo y el seguimiento de los trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por uso de sustancias. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes mejoraron sus conocimientos y habilidades en función de su participación en el curso en línea, independientemente del sexo, la profesión, la institución o la vulnerabilidad social de los participantes, sugiriendo que se trata de un programa de formación relevante para el personal de atención primaria. Los resultados contribuyen al Programa de Acción para la Brecha de Salud Mental y promueven el uso de tecnologías de evaluación y enseñanza en línea en este campo.

Trajetória profissional e impacto da formação em egressos da Especialização da Fiocruz / Professional trajectory and the impact of education on Fiocruz specialization graduates

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o perfil dos egressos, os efeitos da formação e a trajetória profissional dos que concluíram cursos presenciais de Especialização da Fiocruz. Participaram 1.620 egressos de 79 cursos concluídos entre 2013 e 2020. Foi aplicado questionário antes do ingresso e após o término do curso. Foi realizada descrição da frequência absoluta e relativa das variáveis e desenvolvido modelo de regressão logística binária para identificar variáveis associadas ao impacto positivo do curso. A razão de chance e seu intervalo de confiança de 95% foram as medidas utilizadas. Entre os egressos com impacto positivo do curso concluído: aqueles com cor de pele preta ou parda têm cerca de 40% mais chance de ter impacto positivo do curso do que os de cor de pele branca; os que têm outra formação acadêmica antes do curso têm 1,5 vez mais chance do que os que não têm outra formação anterior, aqueles que mudaram a atividade profissional em função do curso têm 3,3 mais chance do que os que não estavam trabalhando, os que informaram que o curso estava muito relacionado à atividade profissional têm 5,7 mais chance do que os que relataram que o curso teve pouca ou nenhuma relação; e cada acréscimo de 1 ano no tempo de formado aumenta em 14% a chance do impacto positivo do curso.

Abstract This work aimed to analyze graduates' profiles, education's effects, and the professional trajectory of those who completed lato sensu courses at Fiocruz. A total of 1,620 graduates participated in 79 courses completed in the 2013-2020 period. A questionnaire was applied before the course and after its completion. A description of the absolute and relative frequency of the variables was realized. A binary logistic regression model was developed to identify variables associated with the positive impact of the course. The odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were the measures used. Among graduates with a positive impact from the course, those with black/brown skin color are 40% more likely to have a positive impact from the course than those with white skin color; those who have other academic education before the course are 1.5 times more likely than those who have no previous education; those who changed their professional activity as a result of the course are 3.3 more likely than those who were not working; those who reported that the course was closely related to their professional activity were 5.7 more likely than those who reported that the course had poor or no relationship. Every one-year increase since graduation increased the likelihood of the course's positive impact by 14%.

Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC): um estudo com estudantes de cursos técnicos / Common Mental Disorders (CMD): a study with students from technical courses / Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC): un estudio con estudiantes de cursos técnicos

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC), refere-se a um termo criado para designar um conjunto de sintomas não psicóticos que habitualmente estão relacionados com quadros subclínicos de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de TMC entre alunos dos Cursos Técnicos de Alimentos, Administração e Agropecuária. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa, a amostra foi composta por 253 alunos que voluntariamente responderam ao Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e a um questionário sociodemográfico. RESULTADOS: A maior parte da amostra foi do gênero feminino (63,2%), com idades entre 18 e 67 anos; 14,6% casados, 75,9% afirmaram ter uma religião e 48,6% se declaram de cor parda. A prevalência do TMC na população estudada foi de 42,3% e os principais sintomas apresentados foram: dormir mal, ter dificuldade para tomar decisões e ter falta de apetite. Foi observada uma associação significativa entre o sintoma tristeza, o vínculo de residência dos estudantes e o status marital dos seus pais. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa venham subsidiar ações de prevenção a saúde mental do estudante do ensino técnico e tecnológico.

INTRODUCTION: Common Mental Disorder (CMD) is a term created to identify a set of non-psychotic symptoms usually related to subclinical conditions of anxiety, depression and stress. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of CMD in students of a technical course in Food, Administration and Agriculture. METHOD: This is an exploratory, descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 253 students who volunteered to answer the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS: Most of the sample was female (63.2%), aged between 18 and 67 years old; 14.6% were married, 75.9% claimed to have a religion and 48.6% self-identified as brown. The prevalence of CMD in the studied population was 42.3%, and the main symptoms presented were: poor sleeping, difficulty in making decisions and lack of appetite. A significant association was observed between the symptom of sadness and the students' residential situation and their parents' marital status. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The results of this research are expected to support actions to prevent mental health issues in technical and technological education students.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Trastorno Mental Común (TMC) hace referencia a un término creado para designar un conjunto de síntomas no psicóticos que suelen estar relacionados con cuadros subclínicos de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. OBJETIVO: Investigar la prevalencia de TMC en estudiantes de Carreras Técnicas de Alimentos, Administración y Agropecuaria. MÉTODO: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 253 estudiantes que respondieron voluntariamente el Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de la muestra era del sexo femenino (63,2%), con edad entre 18 y 67 años; 14,6% casados, 75,9% afirmaba tener religión y 48,6% se declaraba morena. La prevalencia de TMC en la población estudiada fue de 42,3% y los principales síntomas presentados fueron: dormir mal, tener dificultad para tomar decisiones y tener falta de apetito. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el síntoma de tristeza, el vínculo de residencia de los estudiantes y el estado civil de sus padres. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Se espera que los resultados de esta investigación subsidien acciones para prevenir la salud mental de los estudiantes de educación técnica y tecnológica.

Metodologias da pesquisa em dança no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: perspectivas ligadas à criação / Research methodologies on dance in the state of Rio Grande do Sul: perspectives linked to creation / Metodologías de investigación sobre la danza en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul: perspectivas vinculadas a la creación

Este artigo apresenta uma metanálise qualitativa de trabalhos de conclusão de curso (TCCs) das graduações em Dança das universidades federais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo central foi compreender quais foram as estratégias metodológicas mais utilizadas nos TCCs, e o quanto suas temáticas investem na criação em Dança. O corpus de análise desta investigação compreendeu um total de 73 trabalhos, e resultou em três ideias-síntese: todo TCC compreende em si mesmo uma metodologia de criação em Dança; tendência às bricolagens e o artista--pesquisador como um bricoleur de experiências formativas; inclinação etnosomática da pesquisa em Dança. O texto se conclui em tensionamentos entre o domínio da palavra escrita na pesquisa em práticas artísticas e o campo da Dança (AU).

This article presents a qualitative meta-analysis of undergraduate final papers from Dance undergraduate courses of federal universities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The main objective was to understand which were the most used methodological strategies in these final papers, when their themes invested in Dance creation. The corpus of analysis of this investigation comprised a total of 73 undergraduate final papers and resulted in three synthesis-ideas: every undergraduate final paper comprises in itself a methodology of Dance creation; tendency towards bricolage and the artist-researcher as a bricoleur of formative experiences; ethno-somatic inclination of Dance research. The text concludes itself in tensions between the domain of the written word in research on artistic practices and the field of Dance (AU).

Este artículo presenta un metanálisis cualitativo de los trabajos de conclusión de curso de las graduaciones en Danza de las universidades federales del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. El objetivo principal fue comprender cuáles fueron las estrategias metodológicas más utilizadas en los TCCs, cuando sus temáticas invierten en la creación en Danza. El corpus de análisis de esta investigación comprendió un total de 73 trabajos, y dio como resultado tres ideas de síntesis: cada TCC comprende en sí mismo una metodología de creación en Danza; tendencia al bricolaje y el artista-investigador como bricoleur de experiencias formativas; inclinación etnosomática de la investigación de la Danza. El texto concluye en tensiones entre el dominio de la palabra escrita en la investigación sobre prácticas artísticas y el campo de la Danza (AU).

Assessment of stress and coping mechanisms in the 1st year MBBS students from English and Vernacular medium – An experience from a new All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Background: The stress levels among the 1st year MBBS students are high due to multiple factors. In this setting, an objective assessment of stress and coping strategies among medical students may provide a foundation to adopting specific measures to help them. Aims and Objectives: The specific objectives of the study were to compare stress levels and coping strategies among medical students from different backgrounds and mediums of instructions and to ategorize the stress level of students depending on Class X, XII marks, number of attempts, and annual family income. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight 1st year MBBS students were recruited for the study. Participants were divided into two groups, that is, Group 1 – English medium schools and Group 2 – Hindi medium schools and informed consent was taken. In a preferable time slot, the participants were given two questionnaires (Zung’s SDS and Way of Coping Revised scale) and a table of personal information to fill. Results: There were significantly higher stress scores among English medium students as compared to vernacular medium. There was no correlation between Class 10th and 12th marks with the stress. Proportion of students having high stress had AFI <1 lakh and proportion having low stress had AFI more than 5 lakh. Students having more than 3 attempts in medical qualifying examination had the least stress scores. Conclusion: Stress among medical students was found to more in students from English medium schools due to the urban background of these students. High family income acts a psychological security for the students, hence the low stress among them. Students with more than 3 attempts in qualifying examination were more mature, hence the low stress score among them.

Psicologia escolar na educação superior: demandas apresentadas por coordenadores de cursos / School psychology in higher education: demands presented by course coordinators / Psicología escolar en educación superior: demandas presentadas por coordinadores de cursos

A Psicologia Escolar e Educacional vem conquistando novos espaços para a atuação e campo de pesquisa, dentre eles, destacamos a educação superior. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as demandas apresentadas por coordenadores de cursos de graduação, analisá-las à luz da Psicologia Escolar na vertente crítica e apontar possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo escolar junto a estes. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, foi realizada a partir da análise de conteúdo das respostas obtidas dos questionários enviados por e-mail aos coordenadores dos 77 cursos de graduação oferecidos por uma instituição pública de ensino superior de Minas Gerais. Contamos com 28 questionários respondidos. As demandas apresentadas referem-se a questões acadêmicas e emocionais dos estudantes; sobrecarga de trabalho docente; relações interpessoais e formação continuada; burocracias enfrentadas pelos coordenadores; além da falta de preparação prévia e apoio para o exercício da função e concepções sobre o trabalho do psicólogo escolar. Concluímos que o coordenador, ao ouvir e compreender demandas advindas de discentes, docentes e técnicos, responde a elas por meio de uma parceria auspiciosa com o psicólogo escolar, juntamente com outros segmentos e instâncias da instituição.(AU)

The School and Educational Psychology has been conquering new spaces for professional performance and research field, among them, we highlight Higher Education. Therefore, this study aimed to get the demands presented by coordinators of undergraduate courses and analyze them in the light of School Psychology in the critical perspective and to point out possibilities for the performance of the school psychologist with them. The qualitative research was carried out based on the content analysis of the answers obtained from the questionnaires sent by e-mail to the coordinators of the 77 undergraduate courses offered by a public Higher Education institution in Minas Gerais. We have 28 answered questionnaires. The demands presented refer to students' academic and emotional issues; the overload of teaching work; interpersonal relationships and continuing education; the bureaucracies faced by coordinators; and the lack of prior preparation and support for the practice of the function and conceptions about the work of the school psychologist. We conclude that the coordinator, when listening to and understanding demands from students, teachers, and technicians, seeks to respond to them with an auspicious partnership with the school psychologist, together with other segments and instances of the institution.(AU)

La Psicología Escolar y Educacional sigue conquistando nuevos espacios para la actuación y campo de investigación, entre ellos destaca la educación superior. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las demandas presentadas por los coordinadores de cursos de graduación, analizarlas desde la perspectiva crítica de la Psicología Escolar y señalar posibilidades de actuación del psicólogo escolar. La investigación cualitativa realizó el análisis de contenido de las respuestas obtenidas de los cuestionarios enviados por correo electrónico a los coordinadores de los 77 cursos ofrecidos por una institución pública de educación superior en Minas Gerais (Brasil). Se respondieron 28 cuestionarios. Las demandas presentadas se refieren a cuestiones académicas y emocionales de los estudiantes; a la sobrecarga del trabajo docente; a las relaciones interpersonales y educación continua; a las burocracias que enfrentan los coordinadores; además de la falta de preparación previa y apoyo para el ejercicio de la función y concepciones sobre el trabajo del psicólogo escolar. Se concluye que el coordinador escucha y considera las demandas de los estudiantes, profesores y técnicos, y trata de responderlas por medio de una asociación favorable con el psicólogo escolar, junto con otros segmentos e instancias de la institución.(AU)

Aspectos demográficos e acesso aos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de Medicina no Brasil / Demographic aspects and access to the pedagogical projects of medical courses in Brazil

Resumo: Introdução: A ampliação da educação superior no Brasil é recente. Na área médica, com o advento do Programa Mais Médicos, essa expansão tornou-se viável e culminou com a publicação de novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) para o curso de graduação em Medicina. O projeto pedagógico do curso (PPC) traduz o que se realiza no curso e funciona como instrumento de comunicação entre a instituição e a sociedade. A análise dos PPC das instituições de ensino superior propicia a identificação de elementos que apontam para convergência ou se afastam do preconizado nas mudanças pretendidas pelas DCN de 2014. Objetivo: Este estudo descreve demograficamente no Brasil o número de cursos de Medicina públicos e privados por estado e região da Federação, o número de vagas disponíveis e o acesso aos PPC dessas escolas por meio de metodologia sistematizada. Método: Realizou-se um levantamento de todas as faculdades com curso de Medicina no Brasil, no ano de 2021. A procura dos PPC foi realizada no site institucional. Em caso de ausência da informação, encaminhamos mensagem eletrônica à coordenação do curso de Medicina. Na indisponibilidade de contato direto com a coordenação pelo site institucional, encaminhamos mensagem ao coordenador por meio do acesso ao seu Currículo Lattes. Resultado: Foram identificadas 336 escolas médicas, 115 (34,2%) públicas e 226 (65,8%) privadas. Observamos a maior concentração de cursos na Região Sudeste (41,3%), seguida da Região Nordeste (24,6%). Das instituições públicas, o Nordeste é a região que mais concentra as escolas (35,6%), seguida da Região Sudeste (26%). Quanto às instituições privadas, ocorre o inverso. Obteve-se um total de 134 PPC (39,8%), sendo 111 (83%) das escolas públicas e 23 (17%) das privadas. Conclusão: Embora a disponibilização do documento de informação pedagógica no site da instituição seja obrigatória, isso não foi verificado em realidade, o que corrobora a necessidade de políticas de valorização e fiscalização da disponibilidade do PPC para facilitar o seu acesso pelos maiores interessados: alunos, comunidade acadêmica e pesquisadores da área da educação médica.

Abstract Introduction: The expansion of higher education in Brazil is recent. In the medical field, with the advent of the "Mais Médicos" Program, this expansion became feasible and culminated with the publication of new National Curricular Guidelines (DCN, Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais) for undergraduate medical courses. The Pedagogical Course Project (PCP) translates what is accomplished in the course and works as an instrument of communication between the institution and society. The analysis of the PCPs of Higher Education Institutions provides the identification of elements that point to the convergence or move away from the changes proposed by the DCN 2014. Objective: To describe demographically in Brazil the number of public and private medical courses by state and region of the federation, the number of available vacancies, and access to the PCPs of these schools through a systematized methodology. Method: A study was carried out in all institutions with medical courses in Brazil by the year 2021. The search for the PCPs was carried out in the institutional website. In case of lack of information, an electronic message was sent to the medical course coordination. When it was not possible to contact the coordinator directly through the institutional website, a message was sent to the coordinator by accessing their curriculum lattes. Results: A total of 336 medical schools were identified, 115 (34.2%) of which were public and 226 (65.8%) private ones. A higher concentration of courses was observed in the southeast region (41.3%), followed by the northeast region (24.6%). Of the public institutions, the northeast region has the highest concentration of schools (35.6%), followed by the southeast region (26%). The opposite was observed regarding the private institutions. A total of 134 PCPs were obtained (39.8% of the total), 83% from public schools and 17% from private ones. Conclusion: Although the availability of the pedagogical information document on the institution's website is an obligation, this was not verified in reality, which makes it necessary to implement policies for valuing and monitoring PCP availability, thus facilitating its access by the most interested parties: students, the academic community and researchers in the field of medical education.

Changes in the communicative skills of young people as a result of a communication training / Alterações das habilidades comunicativas de adolescentes como resultado de um treinamento em comunicação

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the effect of communication training developed for adolescents on the youth's communication skills. Methods Forty-one young people participated in the study and were divided into two groups. Group I received intervention - communication training for five weeks; Group II - were guided on the importance of voice for communication. Participants had their communication skills assessed before/after interventions through a self-administered questionnaire, answered by the participant and parents. Both groups had oral presentations recorded on video, which were analyzed by speech therapists through the evaluation of the communication profile, listing the aspects that should be observed as a point of strength/opportunity for improvement. Association between qualitative variables was assessed using Fischer's exact test, Pearson's chi-square test, McNemar's test, and McNemar-Bowker's test. To compare groups, paired t-test and t-test for independent samples, p level <0.05, were used. Results The analysis of questionnaires showed improvement in GI in two of the four skills assessed and no difference for GII. The video evaluations showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of eye contact and speech velocity. Conclusion This study points out that the communication training method applied to young people might improve communicative skills, providing some insights into their communication strengths and potential areas for development.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o efeito de um treinamento em comunicação desenvolvido para adolescentes nas habilidades comunicativas dos jovens. Método Quarenta e um jovens participaram do estudo divididos em dois grupos. Grupo I - treinamento de comunicação por duas semanas; Grupo II - palestra sobre importância da voz. Os participantes tiveram suas habilidades comunicativas avaliadas antes e após as intervenções mediante questionário autoaplicado respondido pelos jovens e seus pais. Ambos os grupos tiveram apresentações orais gravadas antes e após as intervenções, que foram avaliadas por fonoaudiólogos através de questionário, listando características da comunicação. A associação entre variáveis qualitativas foi verificada usando teste exato de Fisher, qui-quadrado de Pearson, teste de McNemar e teste de McNemar-Bowker. Para comparação entre os grupos, foram usados teste t para amostras pareadas e teste t para amostras independentes com nível de significância de 95%. Resultados A análise dos questionários mostrou melhora do Grupo I em duas das quatro habilidades avaliadas, não havendo diferença no Grupo II. A avalição dos vídeos mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos no contato visual e na velocidade da fala. Conclusão O estudo mostrou que o método de treinamento de comunicação aplicado aos jovens, melhorou habilidades comunicativas, fornecendo autoconhecimento sobre seus pontos fortes e pontos que podem ser melhorados.

Cursos técnicos de habilitação em Educação Física de 2° grau: estudos de caso no Rio de Janeiro no período de 1970 a 1990 / Technical courses in Physical Education at the high school: case studies in Rio de Janeiro from 1970 to 1990 / Cursos tecnicos en Educación Física en la escuela secundária: studios de caso en Rio de Janeiro de 1970 hasta 1990

Presente no sistema universitário em âmbito federal para civis desde 1939, a formação em Educação Física conviveu com outros espaços de formação por longo tempo. Um desses espaços consiste nos cursos técnicos de habilitação de professores em Educação Física de 2° grau (atual ensino médio). Nesse sentido, que papel teria o curso técnico de formação de professores em Educação Física? Para responder tal questão, a pesquisa teve como objetivo específico analisar os cursos técnicos de 2° grau de formação de professores em Educação Física e a sua mediação com a formação profissional nas décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990. Como material empírico foi realizada a análise documental de matrizes curriculares, portarias governamentais e legislações federais e estaduais (Rio de Janeiro) sobre educação, além da visita a quatro instituições de educação básica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro que, em outros tempos, ofertavam o referido curso.

Present in the university system at the federal level since 1939, it has lived with other spaces of formation for a long time. One of these spaces consists of the technical courses of habilitation of teachers in Physical Education at the level of 2nd degree (current high school). In this sense, what role would the technical course of teacher training in Physical Education have? In order to answer this question, the research had the specific objective of analyzing the technical courses of 2nd degree of teacher training in Physical Education and its mediation with professional training in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. As empirical material the analysis was performed documentary of curricular matrices, governmental ordinances and federal and state legislations (Rio de Janeiro) on education, besides the visitto four institutions of basic education in the Stateof Rio de Janeiro that offered the referred course at the time.

Presente en el sistema universitario a nivel federal para civiles desde 1939, convivió durante mucho tiempo com otros espacios de formación. Uno de estos espacios consiste en cursos técnicos para La formación de profesores de Educación Física en Secundaria. En este sentido, ¿qué papel tendría el curso técnico para La formación de profesores de Educación Física? Para responder a esta interrogante, La investigación tuvo como objetivo específico analizar los cursos técnicos de 2° grado de formación de profesores de Educación Física y su mediación com La formación profesional en las décadas de 1970, 1980 y 1990. Como material empírico, El análisis fue documental de matrices curriculares, ordenanzas gubernamentales y legislación federal y estatal (Río de Janeiro) sobre educación, además de la visita a cuatro instituciones de educación básica del Estado de Río de Janeiro que, em otros tiempos, ofrecieron este curso.

La importancia de la participación y la colaboración intercultural en la formación de enfermeras/os en las comunidades wichí del Chaco salteño / The importance of intercultural participation and collaboration in the training of nurses in the wichí communities of the Chaco salteño / A importância da participação intercultural e da colaboração na formação de enfermeiros nas comunidades wichí do Chaco de Salta

Resumen El artículo aborda la importancia de la colaboración intercultural en la formación de enfermeras/os para garantizar el derecho a la salud en comunidades del pueblo wichí. Describe y analiza debates que fueron desarrollados entre profesionales, de diversas disciplinas, a cargo de la elaboración del currículo del primer curso de Enfermería Intercultural impartido en territorio indígena de la provincia de Salta (Argentina). El estudio de estos debates muestra que los espacios de colaboración intercultural, donde se reconocen, valoran y respetan los diversos sistemas de conocimientos, son un recurso útil para la formación de enfermeras/os. Estos espacios contribuyen a garantizar la participación reconocida en marcos internacionales para los pueblos indígenas y valorada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para la construcción de respuestas en salud. Sin embargo, la normativa establecida para la aprobación del plan de estudio, en Argentina, limita el desarrollo de este tipo de espacios, restringiendo a su vez los alcances de las políticas y programas de salud focalizados en esta población.

Abstract The article addresses the importance of intercultural collaboration in the training of nurses to guarantee the right to health in communities of the Wichí people. It describes and analyzes debates that were developed among professionals, from different disciplines, in charge of the elaboration of the curriculum of the first Intercultural Nursing course taught in the indigenous territory of the province of Salta (Argentina). The analysis of these debates shows that spaces for intercultural collaboration, oriented towards recognition, appreciation and mutual respect among diverse knowledge systems, are a valuable resource for the training of nurses. These spaces contribute to guarantee the participation recognized in international frameworks for indigenous peoples and valued by World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization for the construction of health responses. However, the regulations established for the approval of study plans in Argentina limit the development of this type of space, thereby restricting in turn the scope of health policies and programs focused on this population.

Resumo O artigo aborda a importância da colaboração intercultural na formação de enfermeiros para garantir o direito à saúde nas comunidades do povo wichí. Descreve e analisa debates que foram desenvolvidos entre profissionais de diferentes disciplinas encarregados de desenvolver o currículo do primeiro curso de Enfermagem Intercultural ministrado no território indígena da província de Salta (Argentina). A análise desses debates mostra que os espaços de colaboração intercultural, orientados para o reconhecimento, apreciação e respeito mútuo entre diferentes sistemas de conhecimento, são um recurso valioso para a formação de enfermeiros. Esses espaços contribuem para garantir a participação reconhecida nos quadros internacionais dos povos indígenas e valorizada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde para a construção de respostas sanitárias. No entanto, os regulamentos estabelecidos para a aprovação do currículo na Argentina limitam o desenvolvimento desse tipo de espaços, restringindo o âmbito das políticas e programas de saúde centrados nesta população.