Résumé
Abstract Introduction COVID-19 remains an important threat to global health and maintains the challenge of COVID-19 hospital care. To assist decision making regarding COVID-19 hospital care many instruments to predict COVID-19 progression to critical condition were developed and validated. Objective To validate eleven COVID-19 progression prediction scores for critically ill hospitalized patients in a Brazilian population. Methodology Observational study with retrospective follow-up, including 301 adults confirmed for COVID-19 sequentially. Participants were admitted to non-critical units for treatment of the disease, between January and April 2021 and between September 2021 and February 2022. Eleven prognostic scores were applied using demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging data collected in the first 48 of the hospital admission. The outcomes of greatest interest were as originally defined for each score. The analysis plan was to apply the instruments, estimate the outcome probability reproducing the original development/validation of each score, then to estimate performance measures (discrimination and calibration) and decision thresholds for risk classification. Results The overall outcome prevalence was 41.8 % on 301 participants. There was a greater risk of the occurrence of the outcomes in older and male patients, and a linear trend with increasing comorbidities. Most of the patients studied were not immunized against COVID-19. Presence of concomitant bacterial infection and consolidation on imaging increased the risk of outcomes. College of London COVID-19 severity score and the 4C Mortality Score were the only with reasonable discrimination (ROC AUC 0.647 and 0.798 respectively) and calibration. The risk groups (low, intermediate and high) for 4C score were updated with the following thresholds: 0.239 and 0.318 (https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/). Conclusion The 4C score showed the best discrimination and calibration performance among the tested instruments. We suggest different limits for risk groups. 4C score use could improve decision making and early therapeutic management at hospital care.
Résumé
Objective To analyze the early outcomes of heart transplantation in critical patients and its significance in donor allocation decision. Methods Clinical data of 449 recipients undergoing heart transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. According to preoperative status, all patients were divided into the critical status group (n=64) and general status group (n=385). The incidence of critical status was summarized. Clinical data of recipients were statistically compared between two groups. Postoperative survival and causes of death in recipients between two groups were analyzed. Perioperative results of critical recipients undergoing different mechanical circulation support as a bridge to heart transplantation were compared. Results Critical patients accounted for 14.3% of the total number of transplant recipients. The proportion of critical patients gradually increased in recent 5 years. Compared with the general status group, the recipients in critical status group had a lower proportion of smoking history, a higher proportion of cardiac surgery history, a higher serum level of creatinine, and a higher proportion of primary diseases of heart failure before heart transplantation(all P≤0.01). The proportion of undergoing mechanical circulation support was higher, the incidence of complications was higher, the stay time in intensive care unit (ICU) was longer and the in-hospital fatality was higher after heart transplantation in the critical status group (all P≤0.01). The 1-year survival rate of recipients in critical status group was significantly lower than that in general status group (83% vs. 95%, P < 0.01). The fatality of recipients due to infection and multiple organ failure in critical status group was higher than that in general status group. Among 64 critical recipients, 1 recipient received ventilator alone, and 63 recipients underwent mechanical circulation support devices as a bridge to heart transplantation. Among them, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) alone was applied in 49 cases (77%), 8 cases (13%) of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with IABP, 4 cases (6%) of ECMO alone, and 2 cases (3%) of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) alone. Critical patients who received preoperative ECMO and ECMO combined with IABP bridging to heart transplantation have a higher proportion of postoperative complications, a longer ICU stay time, a longer mechanical ventilation time, and a higher proportion of hospital deaths. Conclusions The overall prognosis of critical patients undergoing heart transplantation is relatively poor. Effective preoperative management may reverse the high-risk status of critical patients in a certain extent. The limited quantity of donor heart should be allocated to the most urgent patients who can obtain the greatest benefit from heart transplantation.
Résumé
RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (SIRA) es uno de los principales motivos de hospitalización en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes ingresados en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "General Pedro Agustín Pérez" con diagnóstico de SIRA durante el periodo 2017-2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal. El universo los conformaron todos los pacientes ingresados en esta unidad por un SIRA (N=85), de los que se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria (n=32). Se analizaron las siguientes variables: en cada paciente se precisó la edad, sexo, procedencia, estado nutricional, estadía hospitalaria, estado al egreso, respecto al SIRA se consideró la causa, clasificación y complicaciones y tratamiento, además se delimitó la causa directa de muerte de los fallecidos. Resultados: Los pacientes, sobre todo, tenían entre 1 y 3 años de edad (31,3 %), fueron varones (68,8 %), procedieron de áreas rurales (62,5 %), estaban desnutridos por defecto (43,8 %), la estadía fue superior a los 7 días (53,1 %) y el 34,4 % egresó fallecido. La causa fundamental del síndrome fue el choque séptico (50,0 %). En el 87,5 % de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones. El tratamiento que se aplicó fue armónico con el protocolo de la unidad. La disfunción multiorgánica fue la principal causa directa de muerte (36,3 %). Conclusión: Este síndrome no fue un problema de salud en la citada unidad, pero fue elevada la letalidad, que la determinó sobre todo la disfunción multiorgánica.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute Respiratory Failure Syndrome (ARDS) is one of the main reasons for hospitalization in Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Objective: Characterize the patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) of the Teaching Pediatric "General Pedro Agustín Pérez" with diagnosis of ARDS during the period 2017-2019. Method: A descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted. The universe was made up of all the patients admitted to this unit by a SIRA (N=85), from which a random sample was selected (n=32). The following variables were analysed: in each patient was specified age, sex, origin, nutritional status, Length of Stay, status at discharge. Concerning the SIRA, the cause, classification, complications and treatment were considered, and also it was defined the direct cause of death. Results: The patients were mostly between 1 and 3 years old (31.3%), males (68.8%), rural residents (62.5%), with malnutrition (43.8%), the stay at the (PICU) was more tan 7 days (53,1%), and 34.4 % of them passed away. The main cause of the respiratory distress syndrome was the septic shock (50,0 %). 87,5 % of the patients had complications. The treatment applied was in harmony with the unit's (PICU) protocol. Multi-organ dysfunction was the main direct cause of death (36,3 %). Conclusions: This syndrome (ARDS) was not a health problem to the (PICU), but the lethality was high, determined mainly by the multiorganic dysfunction.
RESUMO Introdução: A síndrome da insuficiência respiratória aguda (SIRA) é um dos principais motivos de internação nas unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Objetivo: Caracterizar os pacientes internados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica do Hospital Pediátrico "General Pedro Agustín Pérez" com diagnóstico de SIRA no período 2017-2019. Método: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e longitudinal. O universo foi constituído por todos os pacientes internados nesta unidade por um SIRA (N=85), do qual foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória (n=32). Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: em cada paciente foram especificadas idade, sexo, procedência, estado nutricional, internação, estado de alta, no SIRA foram consideradas a causa, classificação e complicações e tratamento, além de delimitar a causa direta da morte do falecido. Resultados: Os pacientes, acima de tudo, tinham entre 1 e 3 anos (31,3%), eram do sexo masculino (68,8%), procedentes de áreas rurais (62,5%), desnutridos por padrão (43, 8%), a permanência foi superior a 7 dias (53,1%) e 34,4% se foraram mortos. A causa raiz da síndrome foi choque séptico (50,0%). Em 87,5% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações. O tratamento aplicado foi harmonioso com o protocolo da unidade. A disfunção multiorgânica foi a principal causa direta de morte (36,3%). Conclusão: Essa síndrome não era um problema de saúde na referida unidade, mas a letalidade era alta, determinada principalmente pela disfunção multiorgânica.