Efeito agudo da intensidade do exercício sobre as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas em jovens com excesso de peso / Acute effect of exercise intensity on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables in young with excess weight

O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a resposta aguda das variáveis aeróbias durante o exercício intervalado de alta intensidade (EIAI) e o exercício contínuo moderado (ECONT) realizado por jovens com excesso de peso. Participaram do estudo 12 jovens (11,01 ± 1,82 anos; 69,09 ± 22,50kg; 154,43 ± 15,17; 28,27 ± 4,82kg/m2 ). Na primeira visita foi realizado um teste incremental máximo em cicloergômetro para determinação do consumo de oxigênio pico (VO2pico), potência pico e da frequência cardíaca pico (FCpico).Na segunda e terceira visitas foram realizados os protocolos de EIAI (10 repetições de 60s a 90% da potência pico para 60s de intervalo passivo) e ECONT (18 minutos contínuos a 50% da potência pico), ambos equalizados pelo trabalho total (kJ). Durante o EIAI e o ECONT, a FC e o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) foram continuamente mensurados. A concentração de lactato sanguíneo ([La]) foi determinada imediatamente após o término dos protocolos de exercício. Apesar da equalização do trabalho, os valores de FCpico (182 ± 3,34 vs 164 ± 3,34bpm), percentual do VO2pico (91 ± 2,00 vs. 76 ± 2,00 %), potência pico (105,0 ± 2,86 vs. 58,33 ± 2,86 W) e [La] (3,2 ± 0,12 vs. 1,8 ± 0,12 mmol.L-1 ) foram significantemente maiores no EIAI quando comparados ao ECONT. Concluímos que o EIAI resultou em maior estresse cardiovascular e metabólico comparado ao ECONT, refletido pelos valores de %VO2pico, FC e [La]. Por fim, destacamos a possibilidade do EIAI ser incorporado aos exercícios aeróbios de natureza contínua durante diferentes programas de atividade física praticada pelos jovens....(AU)

The aim of this study was to compare the acute response of aerobic variables during high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (MCE) performed by obese adolescents. The study included 12 young (11.01 ± 1.82 years; 69.09 ± 22,50 kg; 154.43 ± 15.17cm; 28.27 ± 4.82 kg/m2 ). At the first visit was done a maximum incremental test on a cycle ergometer to determine the peak power and peak heart rate (HRpeak). At the second and third visits were conducted the EIAI (10 repetitions of 60s to 90% of peak power to 60s passive interval) and ECONT protocols (18 minutes continuously at 50% of peak power), both equalized by work (kJ). During HIIE and MCE, HR and oxygen consumption (VO2) were continuously measured. The blood lactate concentration ([La]) was determined immediately after the end of exercise protocols. Despite the equalization of work, HRpeak values (182 ± 3.34 vs 164 ± 3.34 bpm), percentage of VO2 peak (91 ± 2.00 vs. 2.00 ± 76%), power peak (105.0 ± 2.86 vs. 58.33 ± 2.86 W) and [La] (3.2 ± 1.8 vs. 0.12 ± 0.12 mmol.L-1 ) were significantly higher in HIIE compared to MCE. Concluded that HIIE results in an increase in cardiovascular and metabolic stress when VO2 peak, HR and [La]. Finally, we highlight the possibility to incorporate the HIIE in aerobic exercise continuous during different physical activity programs practiced by obese adolescents....(AU)

Comparação do índice de esforço percebido e consumo de oxigênio em exercício em cicloergômetro entre gestantes e não-gestantes e entre o exercício aquático e terrestre / Comparison of the rating of perceived exertion and oxygen uptake during exercise between pregnant and non-pregnant women and between water and land-based exercises

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o índice de esforço percebido (IEP) e o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) durante o exercício aquático e terrestre, na intensidade do primeiro limiar ventilatório entre gestantes e não-gestantes. Sete gestantes (idade gestacional entre 27ª e 30ª semanas) e sete não-gestantes realizaram dois testes contínuos em cicloergômetro (água e terra) na intensidade do primeiro limiar ventilatório. Durante os testes, os gases respiratórios foram coletados com um analisador de gases portátil KB1-C da marca Aerosport. A frequência cardíaca (FC) foi obtida através de um Polar modelo F1. Os dados foram coletados a cada 20s. O IEP era indicado ao término do exercício através da escala RPE de Borg (6-20). Utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas de 1 FATOR, com post hoc de Bonferroni (p < 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para o VO2 e para o IEP comparando os exercícios aquático e terrestre. Além disso, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre gestantes e não-gestantes. Concluímos que o IEP pode ser usado para prescrição do exercício aquático e terrestre e para gestantes e não-gestantes, quando este for realizado na intensidade do primeiro limiar ventilatório e em cicloergômetro.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the differences in ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and oxygen uptake (VO2) behavior during water and land-based exercise, performed in the exercise intensity of the first ventilatory threshold between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Seven pregnant (gestational ages between the 27th and 30th week) and seven non-pregnant women performed two continuous cycle ergometer tests (water and land-based) at the first ventilatory threshold intensity. During all sessions, respiratory gases were collected with a portable AEROSPORT KB1-C mixing box gas analyzer. A pneumotach was used with a neoprene mask. Heart rate (HR) measurements were obtained with a POLAR F1. Data were collected every 20s. RPE on Borg scale from 6 to 20 was derived at the end of the exercise. One-way ANOVA was applied for repeated measures using the post-hoc Bonferroni test (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in VO2 or RPE when comparing water with land-based exercise. In the same way, no significant difference was found between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects. We suggest that RPE can be used for water and land-based exercise prescription on cycle ergometer at the intensity of first ventilatory threshold, for both pregnant and non-pregnant women.

The effects of cycling on the lower limb motor function and walking ability of hemiplegic stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of exercising on a cycle ergometer on lower limb motor function and the walking ability of hemiplegic stroke patients.MethodsSixty hemiplegic stroke patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with 30 in each. Both groups were treated with routine rehabilitation, but the treatment group also undertook cycle ergometer training. The training lasted for 10-20 min/d, 6 d/week for 6 weeks. All patients were assessed with the Fugl-Meyer lower limb assessment ( FMA), functional ambulation category (FAC) classification and the modified Barthel index (MBI) pretreatment and 6 weeks post treatment.ResultsBefore intervention there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the assessments. Six weeks post treatment, the average FMA, FCA classification and MBI results in the treatment group were significantly better than those pretreatment and better than those in the control group.ConclusionsCycling exercise combined with routine rehabilitation training can distinctly improve the motor function of the lower limbs and the walking ability of hemiplegic stroke patients.

Effect of Posture on Muscle Activity and Oxygen Uptake in Cycle Ergometer / 대한스포츠의학회지

This study evaluated the effects of saddle height on the muscle activity and oxygen uptake during bicycling. The subjects were 20 young adult volunteers. Muscle activity and oxygen uptake were measured with the two saddle heights (maximum knee extension of 180degrees and 120degrees) and at two power outputs (70 and 100 watts, respectively.) The pedaling rate was 40 rpm. The exercise time was 1 minute and the resting time between each condition was 3 minutes. The raw electromyogram activity was measured for 1 minute and was converted to a root mean square value. Oxygen uptake was measured during exercise using the mixing chamber mode. The activities of two flexors (the medial hamstring and medial head of gastrocnemius) increased at the high saddle height and the activities of four extensors (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior) increased at the low saddle height. The oxygen uptake at the low saddle height was significantly higher than that at the high saddle height. The oxygen uptake positively correlated with the muscle activities of the knee extensors. The muscle activity and oxygen uptake were significantly affected by the postures (saddle heights) in cycle ergometer. The postures should be considered in the exercise test and prescription.

Comparação das respostas pressóricas e do consumo de oxigênio de gestantes e não gestantes, em exercício contínuo e progressivo, nos meios terra e água / Cardiorespiratory responses of pregnant women during different types of exercise on land and in water

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as respostas de pressão arterial (PA) e consumo de oxigênio (VO2) no exercício contínuo e progressivo em cicloergômetro, na terra e na água, por gestantes e não gestantes. Realizaram quatro testes randomizados em cicloergômetro dez gestantes (idade gestacional 27,7 ± 0,5 semanas) e dez não gestantes. Os primeiros dois testes, um na água e outro na terra, foram progressivos de intensidade, com aumentos de 25 watts a cada dois minutos, na cadência de 50 rpm para a determinação do primeiro limiar ventilatório. Os dois testes subsequentes, terra e água, foram contínuos com duração de 30 minutos. Encontramos diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) na pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM) para o meio e tipo de exercício, apenas no grupo gestante. Foi observada interação (p<0,05) entre meio e exercício somente para a PAD e PAM. Para o grupo gestante e para o grupo não gestante não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no VO2 para o meio e para o exercício e não foi observada interação entre meio e exercício. O comportamento do VO2 nos exercícios submáximos parece não estar alterado durante a gestação, porém, o comportamento da PA durante o exercício é influenciado pela gestação, pelos aspectos ambientais (valores mais baixos no meio aquático) e pelo tipo de exercício (valores mais baixos no exercício contínuo).

Effect of Leg Cycle Ergometer on Walking Ability of Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the effect of leg cycle ergometer on walking ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia at convalescent period.Methods Seventy patients with hemiplegia after stroke for 3 to 6 months with a certain walking capability were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group with 35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine rehabilitation training;the treatment group was added with leg cycle ergometer training.All patients in the two groups were assessed with simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Berg Balance Scale(BBS),ambulation capacity(walking time in 10 meters and walking distance in 6 minutes and Holden's functional ambulance classification),changes of spasticity,and the ability of daily living(ADL)at the time of begin and 6 weeks later.Results The motor function of lower extremity,balance performance,walking capability and ADL of the patients in two groups improved(P<0.05)after 6 weeks' treatment,but the therapeutic effect of the treatment group was better than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of leg cycle ergometer combined with routine rehabilitation training can distinctly improve the motor function of lower extremity,balance performance,walking ability and ADL for patients after stroke.

The Difference of Interpretations of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing According to Interpretative Algorithms and Exercise Methods / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Recently, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) has become a popular diagnostic method for differentiating the main cause of exertional dyspnea or exercise limitation. We evaluated the difference in the CPX results according to interpretative algorithms and the methods of exercise in Korea. METHOD: Sixty-six patients with chronic lung disease and 48 adults with dyspneic symptoms, but with no abnormalities in a spirometry performed symptom limited CPX, were included in this study. The results were interpreted using both Wasserman's(WA) and Eschenbacher's algorithm (EA), and a comparison between both algorithms was made. Thirty-three healthy medical students performed the CPX with a cycle ergometer and treadmill. The results were interpreted with EA and the concurrenec in interpretations was evaluated according to the methods of exercise. RESULTS: 1. In patients with chronic lung disease, the overall concordance rate between the two algorithms was 63.6%. The concordance rates were 69.8% in patients with obstructive, 25.0% in those with restrictive, and 66.7% in those with mixed pulmonary insufficiency. In patients with dyspneic symptoms but normal findings in resting spirometry, the concordance rate was 60.4%. 2. In healthy medical students, in results interpreted with EA, the concordance rate between the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise was 25.0%. CONCLUSION: Both interpretative algorithms and methods of exercise may affect the CPX results. In using CPX as a diagnostic test for the causes of dyspnea in the Korean population, the interpretative algorithms and method of exercise need to be standardized, and a predictive VO2max equation needs to be established.

Useful exercise protocol and method of evaluation for determining gas exchange threshold (VOA) / 体力科学

The purpose of the present study was to investigate a useful exercise protocol and method of evaluation for determining the gas exchange threshold (VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET) and correlation coefficient between VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET and maximal oxygen uptake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>max), which is an index of aerobic capacity. Five healthy male volunteers (age: 25.6 ± 2.0 yrs; height: 172.9±4.0 cm; weight: 69.5±6.6 kg) performed exercise tests 82 times. Each volunteer randomly conducted a RAMP exercise (1 W⋅3 sec<SUP>-1</SUP>), STEP-1 exercise (20W⋅min<SUP>-1</SUP>) and STEP-2 exercise (40W⋅2 min<SUP>-1</SUP>), respectively, at least 4 to 8 rotations. The gas exchange parameters (VE, VO<SUB>2</SUB>and VCO<SUB>2</SUB>) for incremental exhaustive cycle ergometer exercise were measured using a“breath-by-breath”method. Three different methods of evaluation- (VE/VO<SUB>2</SUB>and VE/VCO<SUB>2</SUB>) exchange (M-1), V-slope method (M-2), and M-1 & M-2 (M-3) -were attempted to determine VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET. The VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET values, determined by three different methods (M-1, -2 and -3) of evaluation, were classified as‘easy’ (J-A) and‘difficult’ (J-B) in all tests. Reproducibility of VO<SUB>2</SUB>max and VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET were assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and correlation coefficients (r) between VO<SUB>2</SUB>max and VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET.<BR>The results are summarized as follows:<BR>1) The means of the reproducibility of VO<SUB>2</SUB>max were determined among the 5 subjects by us ing RAMP, 4.8% (n=25), STEP-1, 3.1% (n=28) and STEP-2, 2.9% (n=29) exercise tests; STEP-2 exercise test values (CV) were lower than the others. There was no significant difference in the means of VO<SUB>2</SUB>max among the 5 subjects according to the RAMP and two STEP exercise tests (Two-way ANOVA) .<BR>2) The best reproducibility value of VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET among the 5 subjects was determined using RAMP exercise tests with the V-slope method (M-2) and evaluations were classified as easy (J-A) . The value (CV) was 2.8%. There was no significant difference in the VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET values (M-1 (J-A, -B), M-2 (J-A, -B) and M-3) (Two-way ANOVA) and their means among the 5 subjects concerning RAMP and two STEP exercise tests (Two-way ANOVA) .<BR>3) The best correlation coefficient (r) value between VO<SUB>2</SUB>max and VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET was obtained using RAMP exercise tests with M-2 (J-A) (r=0.976, n=20) .<BR>The present results indicate that the most useful exercise protocol and method of evaluation for determining VO<SUB>2</SUB>GET is the RAMP exercise test with the V-slope method.

Comparison of Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer in Male Korean College Students / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Generally VO2 max is higher in treadmill exercise than cycle ergometer exercise. According to Hassen and Wasserman, VO2 max with treadmill exercise is higher at ratio of 1.11 than that with cycle ergometer. VO2 max also is influenced by race, sociocultural background, exercise habit. In this study, VO2 max and AT were evaluated between Treadmill and cycle exercise in male Korean college students. METHOD: Study subjects were 44 male college students. We randomized them into 2 groups; 24 students did treadmill exercise at first and 1 week later did cycle ergometer. Another 20 students did in opposite method. They made symptom limited maximal exercise. Author defined maximal exercise as followings: 1) respiratory exchange ratio(RER)>1.1, 2) plateau>30 sec, 3) heart rate reserve(HRR)<15 %, or 4) breathing reserve(BR)<30 %. Otherwise their results are excluded as submaximal exercise. Anaerobic threshold(AT) was estimated by V-slope method. RESULTS: VO2 max and AT was 45.1 +/-6.66 ml/kg/min and 26.0 +/- 6.78 ml/kg/min in treadmill and 34.9 +/- 5.89 ml/kg/min, 19.5 +/- 4.77 ml/kg/min in Cycle Ergometer. The measured-VO2max/pred-VO2max was 98.8 +/- 13.24 % in treadmill; 84.4 +/- 13.42 % in cycle ergometer. Comparing VO2 max in treadmill with that obtained by Hassen's method, there were significant differences.(p<0.01). At maximal exercise HRR, O2/pulse, BR, VE/MVV, VE/VCO2 were higher in treadmill than in cycle but VE/VO2, Vd/Vt, Ti/Ttot were not. At AT O2/pulse, BR, VE/MVV, Ti/Ttot, were higher in treadmill than in cycle, otherwise not. CONCLUSION: According to the result of this study, there are larger gap between treadmill and cycle ergometer in normal Korean adults than foreign data, and it needs further study to obtain reference value of Korea.