Molecular Identification and Real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Rapid Detection of Thelohanellus kitauei, a Myxozoan Parasite Causing Intestinal Giant Cystic Disease in the Israel Carp

Intestinal giant-cystic disease (IGCD) of the Israel carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) has been recognized as one of the most serious diseases afflicting inland farmed fish in the Republic of Korea, and Thelohanellus kitauei has been identified as the causative agent of the disease. Until now, studies concerning IGCD caused by T. kitauei in the Israel carp have been limited to morphological and histopathological examinations. However, these types of diagnostic examinations are relatively time-consuming, and the infection frequently cannot be detected in its early stages. In this study, we cloned the full-length 18S rRNA gene of T. kitauei isolated from diseased Israel carps, and carried out molecular identification by comparing the sequence with those of other myxosporeans. Moreover, conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment were established for further use as methods for rapid diagnosis of IGCD. Our results demonstrated that both the conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR systems applied herein are effective for rapid detection of T. kitauei spores in fish tissues and environmental water.

Acute Renal Failure and Hepatitis Due to Ingestion of Raw Fish Gall Bladder / 대한신장학회잡지

Since 1976, several cases of acute renal failure and acute hepatitis after ingestion of raw carp bile have been reported. We experienced 1 case of acute renal failure and hepatitis after ingestion of the raw fish(Cyprinus carpio nudus) gall bladder. The patient ate raw fish gall bladder to improve the health. The size of the fish he ate was over 1 m and that of the gall bladder was about an egg size. The clinical manifestations were characterized by dizziness, headache, diffuse abdominal pain, both flank pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms were followed by gross hematuria, oliguria and jaundice. Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, transaminases lasted for about 2 weeks. Biopsy of the kidney was performed 13 days after ingestion of raw fish gall bladder. The kidney pathology showed recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis. The patient recovered with conservative treatment.