Novel optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers in the diagnosis and assessment of diabetic macular edema and diabetic macular ischemia in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Purpose: The present study aims to determine the macular and choroidal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarkers in the assessment and monitoring of diabetic macular edema (DME) and diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) in patients with non?proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods: In this cohort study, a total of 176 eyes of 110 patients with NPDR were investigated at our institute over a period of 10 months. Eyes were divided into four groups based on the severity of NPDR. Each eye was subjected to OCTA (Topcon 3D OCT?1 Maestro2) macula 6 × 6 mm2 en face. It features IMAGEnet 6 software for dynamic viewing of OCTA and imaging data. Four OCTA biomarkers for the macula were identified: foveal avascular zone area (FAZ area), foveal avascular zone contour irregularity (FAZ?CI), capillary dropout areas (CDA), and perifoveal intercapillary areas (PICA). The choroidal OCTA biomarker was the number of choroidal circulation flow voids (CCFV). For all analyses, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Increase in FAZ area and number of CDA were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) with an increase in central foveal thickness, suggesting a correlation of ischemic changes with an increase in DME. FAZ?CI, enlarged PICA, and CCFV were significantly associated with more severe NPDR patients. Conclusion: A correlation between DME and DMI in a patient of NPDR and its progression can be evaluated in a single visit. A unique feature of our study is it revealed novel diagnostic biomarkers of OCTA for DMI and DME.

25G pars plana vitrectomy combined with Dexamethasone intravitreal implants for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage and diabetic macular edema secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effect of 25G pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with dexamethasone intravitreal implant(DEX)on the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage and diabetic macular edema(DME)secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: Prospective clinical case study. A total of 40 patients(40 eyes)with vitreous hemorrhage and DME secondary to PDR who treated in Tianjin Eye Hospital from July 2020 to January 2022 were included in the study. All eyes underwent 25G PPV and cataract phacoemulsification. The patients were randomly divided into PPV group(20 eyes)and PPV+DEX group(20 eyes). Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, and central macular thickness(CMT)of the patients before and 1, 3, 6mo after the operation were compared.RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 6mo. The BCVA of the patients in the PPV+DEX group improved better than that of the PPV group at 1, 3 and 6mo after surgery(P&#x003C;0.05). CMT of the PPV+DEX group was lower than that of the PPV group at 1mo after operation(P&#x003C;0.05). Retinal neovascularization or CMT regression with less than 5% was found in 8 eyes in the PPV group, who were supplemented with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, while it was found in only 1 eye in the PPV+DEX group(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: PPV combined with DEX could yield synergies, which provide better therapeutic effect for the patients with vitreous hemorrhage and DME secondary to PDR.

Secondary glaucoma after intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) injection in patients with retinal disorder: A retrospective study

Purpose: To investigate the rate of secondary glaucoma after intravitreal (IV) dexamethasone implant (ozurdex) 0.7 mg injection in a retinal disorder over a clinical treatment period of 2 years in a tertiary eye care center. Methods: Retrospective study based on the records of patients receiving IV ozurdex 0.7 mg implant for T/t of cystoid macular edema (CME), diabetic macular edema (DME), macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion/branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO/BRVO), and choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) at a tertiary eye care hospital for 2 years with 6 months of follow?up. The post?T/t intraocular pressure (IOP) and antiglaucoma medication (AGM) required was recorded at day 1, 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months and analyzed for secondary IOP spike or ocular hypertension defined as IOP >21 mmHg at any point in time. The patients with pre?existing glaucoma and lost to follow?up were excluded. Results: A total of 102 eyes of 80 patients were included in the study. The mean baseline IOP was 14.40 + 2.97 mmHg, post?injection was 15.01 + 3.22 mmHg at day 1, 15.15 + 3.28 mmHg at 1 week, 15.96 + 3.62 mmHg at 1 month, 16.26 + 3.95 mmHg at 2 months, 15.41 + 3.33 mmHg at 3 months, 15.38 + 3.28 mmHg at 4 months, and 14.27 + 2.69 mmHg at 6 months. No significant difference was seen from baseline IOP at day 1 (P = 0.163), 1 week (P = 0.086), and 6 months (P = 0.748). Statistically significant difference was seen at 1 month (P = 0.0009), 2 months (P = 0.0001), 3 months (P = 0.023), and 4 months (P = 0.026). The mean IOP peak at 2 months recovered to baseline by 6 months subgroup IOP trend shows a similar variation and the results are consistent with the studies in the literature. About 19/102 (18.62%) eyes showed an IOP spike post?T/t. The maximum was seen at 2 months; 16 eyes showed a rise in the range 22–25 mmHg; 8 in the range 26–30 mmHg; and 1 eye had 34 mmHg and required multiple AGM—no surgical intervention was needed. Conclusion: A secondary IOP spike post?IV ozurdex 0.7 mg seen in 18.62% of the cases require AGM. The IOP monitoring should be meticulously performed for the variations and secondary IOP spike management to prevent irreversible damage to the optic nerve and visual field

Preliminary study on the effect of Conbercept on macular microcirculation in the treatment of DME / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To observe the changes of retina superficial capillary plexus densities and aqueous humor factors in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)before and after conbercept injection, and to explore the effect of conbercept on macular microcirculation in DME patients. <p>METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted. Totally 11 eyes of 10 patients diagnosed as DME in the Ophthalmology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from December 2019 to December 2020 were collected as DME group, 15 cataract patients without systemic basic diseases and fundus oculi diseases were collected as cataract group, and 20 age-and sex-matched healthy people with normal vision were collected as control group. All patients in DME group were treated by intravitreal injection of conbercept once a month for a total of 6 times. The retinal perfusion densities of the superficial capillary plexus(PSCP), retinal vessel densities of the superficial capillary plexus(VSCP), foveal avascular zone(FAZ), central macular thickness(CMT)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were compared between the control group and DME patients before operation. The aqueous humor factors in cataract group and DME group were measured by multiplex flow immunoassay. The differences of aqueous humor factors in cataract group and DME group were compared. The changes of VSCP, PSCP, FAZ, CMT, BCVA and factors of aqueous humor in DME group after 6 conbercept injections were compared.<p>RESULTS: There were significant differences in PSCP, VSCP, FAZ area, BCVA and CMT between DME group and control group before operation(P<0.01); there were significant differences in angiopoietin-like protein 4(ANGPTL4), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8)in aqueous humor of DME group and cataract group before operation(P<0.001); PCSP and BCVA were increased and CMT were decreased in DME group after continuous conbercept injection for 6mo(all P<0.05); the concentrations of ANGPTL4, VEGF and IL-6 in aqueous humor of DME group decreased significantly(all P<0.05); patients injected with 1mo conbercept in the DME group had the most obvious improvement of BCVA and PSCP as well as the most obvious decline of CMT; while the ANGPTL4, VEGF and IL-6 in aqueous humor concentration had the most obvious decrease when they were injected with 1mo conbercept; VEGF in aqueous humor was positively correlated with the absolute value of CMT. <p>CONCLUSION: Conbercept injection in DME patients can improve retinal ischemia, reduce the concentration of VEGF and related factors in aqueous humor, effectively increase BCVA and relieve macular edema.

Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Macular Edema In Association With Diabetic Retinopathy In Patients Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic Retinopathy is an important cause of blindness with diabetic macular edema(DME) affecting 15% of patients 15yrs after diagnosis. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) is expected to approximately double globally between 2000 and 2030. The burden of DME is likely to increase as prevalence of DM is expected to rise by 50% globally, from 2000 to 2030. Therefore, is a major cause of concern. To study diabetic macular edema prevalence and pattern in association with severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in anobservational cross sectional study. Clinical assessment was done by recording Visual acuity by Snellen's drum test, slit lamp examination, direct and indirect ophthalmoscope, fundus examination with +90 D lens, Goldman applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, Cirrus SD-OCT macula and fundus photography. Among 600 eyes, prevalence of DME was 14.0% and 24.3% in NPDR and PDR eyes respectively. Statistically, this difference was not significant (p=0.226).Among the categories of diabetic retinopathy, a significant increase in prevalence of DME was observed with increasing severity of NPDR (p<0.001). Among 87 eyes with DME, the pattern of DME was 59.8% with diffuse retinal thickening, 21.8% with cystoids macular edema and 18.4% with serous retinal detachment. Prevalence of DME was more in NPDR group increasing with severity of NPDR. The prevalence of DME pattern of diffused retinal thickening was most followed by cystoid macular edema and serous retinal detachment among those with diabetic retinopathy.

Percepción de desórdenes musculoesqueléticos y aplicación del método RULA en diferentes sectores productivos: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Perception of musculoskeletal disorders and RULA method application in different productive sectors: a systematic review of literatura

RESUMEN Introducción: Los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos (DME) constituyen una de las principales causas de enfermedad relacionadas con el trabajo. Numerosos esfuerzos se han realizado a fin de prevenir su aparición; por tanto, múltiples instrumentos de evaluación ergonómica han sido usados. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar la información disponible en bases de datos sobre evaluación del riesgo biomecánico (RULA) y percepción de DME en trabajadores de diversos sectores económicos (Cuestionario Nórdico), para el periodo 2004-2015. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los estudios recientes enfocados en la evaluación del nivel de riesgo ergonómico y percepción de DME. Asimismo, fueron tenidas en cuenta las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA, tras obtener los artículos en las bases de datos Science direct, Scopus, Pubmed, Springer link, Embase y Ebsco. 13 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de selección fueron incluidos; se identificaron dos tipos de estudios: de diagnóstico y de intervención. Resultados: Prevalencias altas en espalda alta-baja, cuello, tronco, hombros, mano/ muñeca y rodilla fueron evidenciadas, siendo el género femenino el más afectado. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren asociación entre índice de masa corporal, edad (≥ 25 años), antigüedad en el trabajo (≥ 3 años), trabajo por destajo, horas de trabajo diario ≥ 8 horas, número de pacientes atendidos, RULA (nivel 3 y 4) y DME en cuello, tronco, brazos, antebrazos, espalda baja y zonas corporales del grupo B.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are one of the main causes of work-related diseases; numerous efforts have been made in order to prevent its occurrence. Therefore, multiple ergonomic evaluation instruments have been used. This review aims to identify the available information in databases related to biomechanical risk assessment (RULA) and perception of DME in workers from various economic sectors, period 2004-2015 (Nordic Questionnaire). Materials and Methods: A Systematic review about the recent studies focused on the evaluation of the level of ergonomic risk and perception of DME was performed. The recommendations of the PRISMA statement were taken into account after obtaining the studies from the Science Direct, Scopus, Pubmed, Springer link, Embase and Ebsco databases. 13 studies that complied the selection criteria were included; 2 types of studies were identified: diagnosis and intervention. Results: High prevalence in upper and lower back, neck, trunk, shoulders, hand/wrist, and knee were evidenced, being the female gender the most affected. Conclusions: These findings suggest an association between body mass index, age (≥ 25 years), seniority at work (≥ 3 years), piecework, daily hours of work ≥ 8 hours, number of patients attended, RULA (level 3 And 4) and DME in the neck, trunk, arms, forearms, lower back and group B body areas.

Effect of metformin on serum vitamin D in patients with background diabetic retinopathy / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of visual acuity,fundus changes,and serum vitamin D concentration in diabetic retinopathy patients treated with metformin,and to evaluate its clinical efficacy.Methods Totally 80 cases (160 eyes) patients with background diabetic retinopathy were included in the study,and were divided into observation group (metformin + Pancreatic Kininogenase Enteric-coated Tablets) and control group (Pancreatic Kininogenase Enteric-coated Tablets) according to the different treatment methods used for 3 months.Fundus fluorescein angiography was used to evaluate the improvement of the fundus lesions.The serum levels of vitamin D were measured with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).Results After 3 months of treatment,serum vitamin D concentration of the observation group increased,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05) when compared to before treatment.However,3 months after treatment,serum vitamin D levels of the control group increased slightly,but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The total effective rate of fundus improvement in the observation group and the control group was 70％ and 55％,respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups in the improvement of fundus (P ＜ O.05).Conclusions Metformin has an adjunctive effect on background diabetic retinopathy,and the increase of serum vitamin D may be one of the mechanisms of metformin in improving diabetic retinopathy.

Ontogeny of drug metabolism enzymes and epigentic regulation / 中国药理学通报

Great changes in drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) expression occur in the fetus and child during development. Individual hepatic DME ontogeny can be categorized into one of three groups based on developmental trajectories.Some enzymes such as CYP3A7,are expressed at highest level in the fetus dur-ing the first trimester and either remain elevated or slightly de-crease during gestation,but are silenced or reduced to relatively low levels within one to two years after birth.SULT1 A1 is an ex-ample of the second group of DME.These enzymes are ex-pressed at relatively constant levels throughout gestation and into adulthood.CYP3A4 belongs to the third DME group .These en-zymes are expressed at negligible or low levels in the fetus.Sig-nificant increases in enzyme levels are exhibited within the first one to two years after birth.The epigenetic regulation refers to genomic modifications that do not involve changes in DNA se-quence and include DNA methylation,histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs.The epigenetic regulation mechanisms are responsible for the developmental expression of DME genes dur-ing liver maturation.This review will provide a summary of DME developmental expression profiles and reveal epigenetic mecha-nisms underlying variable drug metabolism and drug response. Thus,knowledge regarding DME ontogeny has permitted im-proved capability to predict drug disposition in pediatric pa-tients,which is crucial for improving drug dosing leading to opti-mal safety and efficacy in children.

Using Steroids in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Guide for Steroid Application in Clinical Practice.

Diabetic macular edema is a multi-pathogenic diseases which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play the main role in most of the cases and treatment with Anti VEGF is warranted, where in long standing edema inflammation maybe the main pathogenic factor and treatment with Anti VEGF may not achieve optimum results and steroids can be used to address the inflammatory mechanism, there are three classes of intravitreal steroids which help us to individualize treatment for each patient never the less we have to take into account that all intravitreal steroids may cause cataract formation and glaucoma.

Research progress in the effect of vitamin D deficiency on renal anemia / 中国医师杂志

25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is prevailing in patients with chronic kidney disease,Vitamin D in addition to influence the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus,also participates in regulation of renal anemia.This paper will be reported 25-Hydroxyvitamin D regulates renal anemia from three aspects of the relationship of vitamin D and iron metabolism,erythropoietin (EPO) and micro inflammation.

Correlation between macular thickness and volume with visual acuity in diabetic macular edema by using domain optical coherence tomography.

Introduction: To investigate the correlation between Macular thickness and Volume with Bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) in eyes with Diabetic macular edema and Type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study including 60 eyes of 60 patients evaluating Retinal thickness and macular volume measured with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and best corrected visual acuity was measured with the Snellens Chart. Results: There is significant increase in the macular thickness and macular volume with decrease in the best corrected visual acuity. Conclusion: Diabetic macular edema causes decrease in visual acuity due increase in macular thickness and volume.

Investigation of mineral bone disorders in pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate mineral bone metabolic conditions of pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD),and obtain useful information about the management and treatment of CKD.Methods The levels of serum calcium,phosphate,25-HydroxyvitaminD [25 (OH) VitD],and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were compared.Then a correlation analysis was performed for 25 (OH)VitD.Results Hypocalcemia,hyperphosphatemia,secondary hyperparathyroidism and inadequate of 25 (OH) VitD appeared early in CKD2.Deficiency of 25 (OH)VitD was widespread in CKD2 ～ 5.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 25 (OH) VitD was independently associated with adjusted level of calcium (P =0.002),application of calcium carbonate (P =0.038),and application of calcitriol (P =0.049) (R square =0.360,P =0.000).Conclusions Mineral bone disorder emerges early in CKD2.More attention should be paid to the management of 25 (OH)VitD.

Evaluación de riesgo biomecánico y percepción de desórdenes músculo esqueléticos en administrativos de una universidad Bogotá (Colombia)

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el grado de riesgo biomecánico (carga postural estática) y la percepción de desórdenes músculo esqueléticos en funcionarios administrativos en una Universidad en Bogotá (Colombia) entre Julio y Noviembre del año 2013. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal; se tomó una muestra con 96 trabajadores de la población de la Universidad, quienes tenían un puesto fijo en video terminales (VDT); los datos sobre percepción de desórdenes músculo esquelético se identifican de la aplicación del Cuestionario Nórdico y grado de riesgo ergonómico de la aplicación del método RULA. Resultados: Tras aplicar el Cuestionario Nórdico se muestra presencia de molestia o dolor en algún segmento corporal con un aumento en la prevalencia de punto final (P.F) y la Incidencia (I). Los segmentos con mayor presencia de sintomatología fueron: espalda baja, espalda alta, cuello, mano muñeca derecha. Los resultados de aplicación del método RULA indican excesiva carga postural; no se observaron en los trabajadores posturas aceptables (todas las puntuaciones ≥3). Los segmentos con mayor puntuación fueron: muñeca, giro de muñeca, antebrazo y cuello. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren la existencia de asociación entre la carga postural estática y la percepción de molestia a nivel de miembros inferiores en los funcionarios de la Universidad.

Objective: evaluate the degree of biomechanical risk regarding (the static postural load) and musculoskeletal disorders perception of administrative staff at a University in Bogotá between July and November 2013. Methods: a sample of 96 employees of the University population; Those with a permanent position held in VDT video terminals, data on perception of musculoskeletal disorders arise from the application of the Nordic Questionnaire and the ergonomic risk degree of implementing the RULA. Results: the results obtained after applying the Nordic Questionnaire show a presence of discomfort or pain in any body part with an increase in Final Prevalence (PF) and the incidence (I), segments with greater presence of symptoms were: lower back, upper back, neck, hand and right wrist. The results of application of the RULA method indicate an excessive postural load there were no acceptable positions in workers (all scores ≥ 3). Segments with higher scores were: wrist, wrist rotation, forearm and neck. Conclusion: the results suggest the existence of an association between static postural loading and perceived discomfort level lower limbs in university administrative.

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre o grau de risco biomecânico (carga postural estática) e a percepção da desordem músculo esquelética em funcionários administrativos numa Universidade em Bogotá (Colômbia) entre Julho e Novembro de 2013. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal; amostragem de 96 trabalhadores da população da Universidade, que tinham um posto fixo em vídeo terminais (VDT); os dados da percepção da desordem músculo esquelética identificam se com a aplicação do Questionário Nórdico e o grau de risco ergonômico da aplicação do método RULA. Resultados: após aplicar o Questionário Nórdico, aparece a presença da moléstia ou dor em algum segmento corporal com aumento na prevalência de ponto final (P.F) e a Incidência (I). Os segmentos com maior presença de sintomatologia foram: costas baixas, costa alta, pescoço, mão e munheca direita. Os resultados de aplicação do método RULA indicam excessiva carga postural; não se observaram nos trabalhadores posturas aceitáveis (todas as pontuações ≥ 3). Os segmentos com maior pontuação foram: munheca, giro do pulso, antebraço e pescoço. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem a existência de associação entre a carga postural estática e a percepção de moléstia em nível de membros inferiores nos funcionários da Universidade.

Correlation between Macular GCIPL Thickness and Visual Acuity after Resolution of Diabetic Macular Edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness in eyes with resolved diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Twenty eyes of diabetic retinopathy patients with resolved DME (DME group) after treatment, and 20 eyes of diabetic retinopathy patients without DME (no-DME group) were included in this study. The pRNFL thickness, mGCIPL thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Analyses were performed to determine the correlation between the different thicknesses and the visual function. RESULTS: No significant difference in mean CMT was observed between the DME and no-DME groups. Average pRNFL thickness in the DME group was thicker than in the no-DME group (p = 0.003). Average mGCIPL thickness in the DME group was thinner than in the no-DME group (p = 0.030). Final visual acuity was significantly correlated with average mGCIPL thickness and minimum mGCIPL thickness, but not pRNFL thickness and CMT in the DME group. CONCLUSIONS: mGCIPL thickness decreased in the DME group compared with the no-DME group and was correlated with the visual acuity. These results suggested that inner retinal injury in patients with DME might lead to poor visual outcome after treatment.

Development of the department of medical education at the university of Illinois at Chicago and its inspiration / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Since 1959,the Department of Medical Education at the University of Illinois at Chicago(UIC DME)has experienced five stages,i.e.,formation,going to the world,turmoil,consolidation and prosperous prospects.UIC DME has been contributing a lot to its home institute,medical schools in the United States and also the world's health professions education.There are many aspect,;worth learning from it:such as variOtis institution-based services;multi-discipline faculty for the department;innovative multi-field researches;efficient and effective communication and stimulation for faculty and staff;fruitful collaboration with other organizations and winning active leadership supports.

The expression of cathepsin D in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance / 中国医师杂志

Objective To evaluate the expression level of cathepsin D protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to determine its relationship with clinic pathological characters. Method Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of cathepsin D in 72 cases of primary NPC and 28 cases of normal nasopharyngal epithelial tissue ( NNET), and the correlation of its expression level with clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes was evaluated. Results Significant down-regulation of cathepsin D was observed in NPC versus NNET(x2 = 13. 55, P ＜0. 01 ). In addition, cathepsin D down-regulation was significantly correlated with poor histological differentiation ( x2 =41.47, P ＜0. 01 ). Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ (well-moderately differentiated) NPC showed more intense immunoreactivity of cathepsin D compared with type Ⅲ (poorly differentiated) NPC. Cathepsin D up-regulation was significantly correlated with clinical stage, recurrence, and lymph node and distant metastasis (x2 = 13.43,22. 86,21.61,14. 32, P ＜0. 01 ).Tumors with cathepsin D up-regulation tended to have advanced clinical stage, frequent recurrences, and metastasis to lymph node and distant organ. Conclusion The expression of cathepsin D was closely related with the differentiation, clinical stage and pathological grade of NPC. Cathepsin D could be served as an effective differentiation marker for the histopathological grading of NPC and a possible therapy target.

Research on the Symptomatic Characters of the Sub-healthy People Based on DME / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective Study the common symptoms of sub-healthy people. Methods Study the 59 symptoms of the 1 828 cases of sub-healthy people that the study of DME Research on TCM Syndrome of Sub-health State had collected. Select the symptoms by analysis of percentage, mean, correlation and discriminance. Finally, find out the symptomatic characters of the sub-healthy people by the data mining method of decision tree. Result There were 26 variables selected from the 56 symptoms. The result of decision tree showed that low quality of sleep, fatigue, dry in throat, acid and distend in eyes, ache, emptiness in heart had greater relations with sub-health. Conclusion Low quality of sleep, fatigue, dry in throat, acid and distend in eyes, ache, emptiness in heart are the symptoms that have greater relations with sub-health.

Causal analysis of blood heat syndrome in psoriasis vulgaris / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To analyze the cause of the blood heat syndrome in psoriasis.Methods: Made the investigation form about information of psoriatic patients through DME method and reference both Chinese and foreign documents,analyzed main component of data by SAS software.Results: The first main component of blood heat syndrome in psoriasis are infection,drinking,dietetic problem,and emotion;the second main component is family history;the third main component is dampness;the forth main component is the allergy to the food;the fifth is outside irritation.Through the corresponding investigation we found that food include hot food,beef,sheep and sea food,emotion problem include over work and stress,dampness include work and living in humid place for long time,outside stimulus meant chemical stimulus.Conclusion: The main cause of the blood heat syndrome in psoriasis are infection,drinking,dietetic problem,and emotion,family history,humidity,allergy to the food and chemical stimulus in order.

Analysis of Vitrectomy Results in Diabetic Macular Edema using Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of vitrectomy for diabetic macualr edema(DME) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: The type of macular edema, macular center thickness and state of posterior hyaloid membrane were checked using OCT in 12 eyes of 10 patients. Visual acuity was checked and the follow-up after vitrectomy was at least 4 months in all eyes. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in mean macular center thickness from preoperative 414.6 +/- 101.3 micro meter (mean +/- SD) to postoperative 223.9 +/- 73.6 micro meter (P=0.002). We performed combined cataract surgery in 10 eyes (83%). Visual acuity was improved by 2 or more lines in 8 eyes (67%), but there was no statistical relationship between the visual improvement and the amount of macular center thickness decrease. The decrease of macular center thickness was more effective in cystoid macular edema, the absence of posterior vitreous detachment and the presence of previous macular laser treatment, but there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: OCT may be helpful in quantitative analysis of the results of vitrectomy for DME.