Augmented reality navigation system for assisting CT-guided puncture of pulmonary nodules in dog models / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To observe the value of augmented reality(AR)navigation system for assisting CT-guided puncture of pulmonary nodules in dog models.Methods Five healthy dogs were selected,and 4 target lung rings were implanted in each dog to build pulmonary nodule models.Deferring to crossover design,CT-guided punctures were performed with or without AR navigation 2 and 4 weeks after successful modeling,respectively,while punctures with AR navigation were regarded as AR group and the others as conventional group,respectively.The time duration of puncturing,the times of CT scanning,of needle adjustment,and the deviation distance between needle pinpoint to the center of pulmonary nodule shown on three-dimensional reconstruction were compared between groups.Results The duration time of puncture in AR group and conventional group was(13.62±5.11)min and(20.16±4.76)min,respectively.In AR group,the times of CT scanning,of needle adjustment,and the deviation distance was 2.40±0.50,2.75±0.44 and(2.94±1.92)mm,respectively,while in conventional group was 3.10±0.64,3.70±0.57 and(4.90±3.38)mm,respectively.The introduction of AR navigation was helpful to shortening the duration of puncture,reducing times of CT scanning and needle adjustment,also decreasing positioning error of needle pinpoint(all P＜0.05).In contrast,the variance of puncture sequences and dogs had no obvious effect on the results(both P＞0.05).Conclusion AR navigation system could improve accuracy and efficiency in CT-guided puncture of pulmonary nodules in dog models.

Molecular detection, risk factors, and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from northern Vietnam

@#In tropical regions, numerous tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) play a crucial role as causative agents of infectious diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the population of companion and pet dogs has significantly increased in Vietnam; however, information on the occurrence of TBPs is still limited. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the occurrence rate, risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of TBPs in dogs from northern Vietnam. Of 341 blood samples tested by PCR, the total infection of TBPs was 73.9% (252/341). Babesia vogeli (18SrRNA gene – 30.5%) was detected most frequently in studied dogs followed by Rickettsia spp. (OmpA gene – 27%), Anaplasma platys (groEL gene – 22%), Bartonella spp. (16SrRNA – 18.8%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (16SrRNA – 9.4%) and Hepatozoon canis (18SrRNA gene – 1.2%), respectively. All samples were negative for Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophylum. Co-infection was detected in 31.4% of the samples (107/341) of which, A. platys/Bartonella spp. (34/94,10%), Rickettsia spp./B. vogeli (19/94, 5.6%), and M. haemocanis/B. vogeli (19/94, 5.6%) were recorded as the three most frequent two species of co-infection types. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between TBP infection and several host variables regarding age, breed, and living area in the current study. The recent findings reported herein, for the first time in Vietnam, are essential for local veterinarians when considering the appropriate approaches for diagnosing these diseases. Furthermore, this data can be used to establish control measures for future surveillance and prevention strategies against canine TBPs in Vietnam.

Avaliação clínica e laboratorial de cão com osteoartrose tratado com formulação de meloxicam em spray oral. Relato de caso / Clinical and laboratory evaluation of a dog with osteoarthritis treated with oral spray meloxicam formulation. Case report / Avaliación clínica y de laboratorio de un perro con osteoartrosis tratado con formulación de meloxicam en spray oral. Reporte de caso

O presente relato de caso avaliou o meloxicam solução oral spray com o sistema de absorção transmucosa no tratamento de um cão tripedal acometido por osteoartrose em joelho e coluna. Além da avaliação ortopédica, foram realizados questionários de avaliação de dor, baropodometria, termografia e monitoramento de atividade.

The present case report evaluated the meloxicam oral solution spray with the transmucosal absorption system in the treatment of a three-legged dog affected by osteoarthritis in the knee and spine. In addition to the orthopedic evaluation, assessments of pain, baropodometry, thermography, and activity monitoring were carried out.

El presente informe de caso evaluó el spray de solución oral de meloxicam con el sistema de absorción transmucosa en el tratamiento de un perro de tres patas afectado por osteoartritis en la rodilla y columna. Además de la evaluación ortopédica, se realizaron cuestionarios de evaluación del dolor, baropodometría, termografía y monitoreo de la actividad.

Enterococcus faecium M7AN10 probiótico em matriz alimentar para cães / Enterococcus faecium M7AN10 probiotic in food matrix for dogs / Enterococcus faecium M7AN10 probiótico en matriz alimentaria para perros

Probióticos são capazes de melhorar o equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal, trazendo benefícios ao hospedeiro. Atualmente no mercado há poucas opções de alimentos, com probióticos em sua composição, destinados a cães e gatos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma matriz alimentar canina (ração úmida) com o probiótico Enterococcus faecium M7AN10. Para tal, avaliou-se a inocuidade, atividade enzimática, atividade antimicrobiana, potencial probiótico e a viabilidade do microrganismo em matriz alimentar canina. O isolado foi considerado inócuo, pois apresentou ausência de atividade hemolítica e de gelatinase, além de ser suscetível a diversos antimicrobianos. E. faecium M7AN10 apresentou atividade proteolítica e capacidade de produção de exoplissacarídeo. Em relação a atividade antimicrobiana pelo método da estria radial, o isolado inibiu Acinetobacter sp. 1, Corynebacterium sp. 4, Micrococcus luteus 33, Micrococcus luteus 43, Micrococcus sp. 3, Micrococcus sp. 20, Micrococcus sp. 36. Além disso, E. faecium M7AN10 apresentou capacidade de autoagregação de 33,50% e resistiu de forma constante quando submetido ao trato gastrointestinal in vitro em conjunto com Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LB 1.5 e Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LB 6.4. O cultivo misto manteve-se viável em matriz alimentar canina durante o período de oito dias. Com base nesses resultados, o isolado E. faecium M7AN10 foi considerada uma bactéria candidata a probiótico que pode vir a ser usada como aditivo em alimento para cães.

Probiotics are capable of improving the balance of the intestinal microbiota, bringing benefits to the host. Currently, on the market, there are few food options with probiotics in their composition intended for dogs and cats. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a canine food matrix (wet food) with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium M7AN10. To this end, the harmlessness, enzymatic activity, antimicrobial activity, probiotic potential, and viability of the microorganism in the canine food matrix were evaluated. The isolate was considered harmless, as it showed no hemolytic and gelatinase activity and was susceptible to several antimicrobials. E. faecium M7AN10 showed proteolytic activity and exopolysaccharide production capacity. Regarding antimicrobial activity using the radial stria method, the isolate inhibited Acinetobacter sp. 1, Corynebacterium sp. 4, Micrococcus luteus 33, Micrococcus luteus 43, Micrococcus sp. 3, Micrococcus sp. 20, Micrococcus sp. 36. Furthermore, E. faecium M7AN10 showed a self-aggregation capacity of 33.50% and resisted consistently when subjected to the gastrointestinal tract in vitro together with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LB 1.5 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LB 6.4. The mixed culture remained viable in a canine food matrix over eight days. Based on these results, the isolate E. faecium M7AN10 was considered a candidate bacterium for a probiotic that could be used as an additive in dog food.

Los probióticos son capaces de mejorar el equilibrio de la microbiota intestinal, aportando beneficios al huésped. Actualmente en el mercado existen pocas opciones de alimentos con probióticos en su composición, destinados a perros y gatos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una matriz alimentaria canina (comida húmeda) con el probiótico Enterococcus faecium M7AN10. Para ello se evaluó la inocuidad, actividad enzimática, actividad antimicrobiana, potencial probiótico y viabilidad del microorganismo en matriz alimentaria canina. El aislado fue considerado inofensivo, ya que no mostró actividad hemolítica ni gelatinasa, además de ser susceptible a varios antimicrobianos. E. faecium M7AN10 mostró actividad proteolítica y capacidad de producción de exoplisacáridos. En cuanto a la actividad antimicrobiana mediante el método de las estrías radiales, el aislado inhibió a Acinetobacter sp. 1, Corynebacterium sp. 4, Micrococcus luteus 33, Micrococcus luteus 43, Micrococcus sp. 3, Micrococcus sp. 20, Micrococcus sp. 36. Además, E. faecium M7AN10 mostró una capacidad de autoagregación del 33,50% y resistió consistentemente cuando se sometió al tracto gastrointestinal in vitro junto con Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LB 1.5 y Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LB 6.4. El cultivo mixto permaneció viable en una matriz de alimento canino durante un período de ocho días. Con base en estos resultados, el aislado E. faecium M7AN10 se consideró una bacteria candidata para un probiótico que podría usarse como aditivo en la comida para perros.

O causo dos cães de passagem na roça / El cuento de los perros que pasan por la granja / The tale of passing dogs in the small family farm

Resumo: Este artigo reflete sobre a singularidade das relações entre mulheres rurais e os cães que com elas constituem um relacionamento interespecífico. Objetiva contar sobre práticas que foram emergindo ao longo de uma pesquisa quando passamos a encarar seriamente a agência de animais a partir do cotidiano de uma agricultora pesquisadora alinhada à agroecologia familiar. Focalizamos os cães de passagem sem raça definida e que vão e vêm livremente entre as cercas que delimitam as propriedades rurais. Em diálogo com Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing e Vinciane Despret, apresentamos pistas para uma pesquisa multiespécie que opera por meio de causos. A pesquisa multiespécie nos convida a reflexões sobre práticas anticapitalistas que germinam na agroecologia, a nos determos no trabalho das mulheres agricultoras e dos cães na sua potência de autogoverno e de criarmos formas de cooperação multiespecíficas com alteridades significativas no projeto moderno-colonizador.

Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona sobre la singularidad de las relaciones entre las mujeres rurales y los perros que constituyen una relación interespecífica con ellas. El objetivo es relatar las prácticas que surgieron a lo largo de una investigación cuando empezamos a considerar seriamente la agencia animal basada en la vida diária de una agricultora investigadora alineada con la agroecología familiar. Centramonos en perros mestizos que van y vienen libremente entre las vallas que delimitan las propiedades rurales. En diálogo con Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing y Vinciane Despret, presentamos pistas para una investigación multiespecie que opera a través de historias. La investigación multiespecie nos invita a reflexionar sobre las prácticas anticapitalistas que germinan en la agroecología, a centrarnos en el trabajo de las campesinas y los perros en su poder de autogobierno y a crear formas de cooperación multiespecífica con alteridades significativas en el proyecto moderno-colonizador.

Abstract: This article reflects on the uniqueness of the relationships between rural women and the dogs that constitute an interspecific relationship with them. It aims to tell about practices that emerged throughout research when we began to seriously consider the animal agency based on the daily life of a farmer researcher aligned with family agroecology. We focus on mixed breed dogs that come and go freely between the fences that delimit rural properties. In dialogue with Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing and Vinciane Despret, we present clues for multispecies research that operates through stories. Multispecies research invites us to reflect on anti-capitalist practices that germinate in agroecology, to focus on the work of women farmers and dogs in their power of self-government and to create forms of multispecific cooperation with significant alterities in the modern-colonizing project.

influência de aspectos socioeconômicos sobre os indicadores de guarda responsável em cães e gatos em Santana de Parnaíba - SP / influence of socio-economic aspects on responsible keeping indicators in dogs and cats in Santana de Parnaíba ­ SP / Influencia de los aspectos socioeconómicos en los indicadores de mantenimiento responsable en perros y gatos en Santana de Parnaíba

O conhecimento de tutores acerca dos cuidados básicos veterinários como requisito para a guarda responsável de animais de companhia tem sido pouco explorado. Os perfis sócios demográficos estão relacionados ao grau de desenvolvimento de uma população, sendo fator preponderante na maneira como são criados os animais de companhia. O presente trabalho analisou a influência do perfil demográfico e de fatores socioeconômicos de tutores do município de Santana de Parnaíba na guarda responsável de cães e gatos. Foram incluídos 300 tutores (205 de cães e 95 de gatos), que levaram seus animais para mutirões de castração em Santana de Parnaíba entre dezembro de 2018 e janeiro de 2019. O instrumento utilizado foi composto de 38 questões sobre aspectos sócio demográficas, nutricionais, sanitários, comportamentais e de conforto. O escore de guarda responsável permitiu pontuação máxima de 15 pontos, sendo que os tutores de cães apresentam escore de guarda responsável 10% maior que tutores de gatos. A menor renda familiar e do tipo de pet de estimação influenciaram no escore. O presente trabalho mostrou que 79% dos cidadãos de Santana de Parnaíba apresentam escore de guarda responsável entre 10 e 14 pontos, com ótima informação e aplicação dos princípios que promovem a qualidade de vida.(AU)

Owners' knowledge of basic veterinary care as a requirement for the responsible ownership of companion animals has been little explored. Sociodemographic profiles are related to the level of development of a population, being a preponderant factor in the way companion animals are raised. The present work analyzed the influence of the demographic profile and socioeconomic factors of owners in the municipality of Santana de Parnaíba on the responsible ownership of dogs and cats. 300 owners were included (205 of dogs and 95 of cats), who took their animals to castration campaigns in Santana de Parnaíba between December 2018 and January 2019. The instrument used was composed of 38 questions on sociodemographic, nutritional, health aspects, behavioral and comfort. The responsible guardianship score allowed a maximum score of 15 points, with dog owners having a responsible guardianship score 10% higher than cat owners. Lower family income and type of pet influenced the score. The present work showed that 79% of the citizens of Santana de Parnaíba have a responsible custody score between 10 and 14 points, with excellent information and application of principles that promote quality of life.(AU)

Se ha explorado poco el conocimiento de los propietarios sobre los cuidados veterinarios básicos como requisito para la tenencia responsable de animales de compañía. Los perfiles sociodemográficos están relacionados con el nivel de desarrollo de una población, siendo un factor preponderante en la forma en que se crían los animales de compañía. El presente trabajo analizó la influencia del perfil demográfico y de los factores socioeconómicos de los propietarios del municipio de Santana de Parnaíba en la tenencia responsable de perros y gatos. Se incluyeron 300 propietarios (205 de perros y 95 de gatos), que llevaron a sus animales a campañas de castración en Santana de Parnaíba entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019. El instrumento utilizado estuvo compuesto por 38 preguntas sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, nutricionales y de salud. comportamiento y comodidad. La puntuación de tutela responsable permitió una puntuación máxima de 15 puntos, y los dueños de perros obtuvieron una puntuación de tutela responsable un 10% más alta que los dueños de gatos. El menor ingreso familiar y el tipo de mascota influyeron en el puntaje. El presente trabajo mostró que el 79% de los ciudadanos de Santana de Parnaíba tienen un puntaje de custodia responsable entre 10 y 14 puntos, con excelente información y aplicación de principios que promueven la calidad de vida.(AU)

Asma bronquial reagudizada y neumonitis por hipersensibilidad provocada por alergia a perros domésticos / Exacerbated Bronchial Asthma and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Triggered by Allergy to Domestic Dogs

Se presenta un caso clínico interpretado al principio como asma alérgica al pelo de perro y, luego, documentado como neumonitis por hipersensibilidad no fibrótica vinculada al antecedente ambiental doméstico.

We present a case initially interpreted as allergic asthma triggered by dog hair and later confirmed as non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) associated with domestic environmental conditions.

Lesiones ocasionadas por mordeduras de perros en niños atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bolivia / Dog bite injuries in children seen at a tertiary care hospital in Bolivia

Introducción. Este estudio pretende caracterizar las lesiones provocadas por perros en niños de un hospital pediátrico de Bolivia. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, en pacientes atendidos del 2017 al 2021. Resultados. Se estudiaron 769 pacientes. Las lesiones representaron el 5,6 % de las emergencias y el 0,8 % de las internaciones. Fueron más frecuentes en niños de hasta 5 años (55,1 %), en quienes se observó mayor gravedad de las lesiones (p = 0,008), antecedente de provocación al animal (p = 0,048), un animal agresor conocido (p <0,036), el contexto doméstico del accidente (p = 0,021), mayor frecuencia de profilaxis con suero luego de la exposición (p = 0,005) y regiones afectadas principalmente maxilofaciales (p <0,001). Observamos 3 casos de mortalidad por rabia humana y 1 por shock hipovolémico. Conclusión. Las lesiones producidas por perros son causas frecuentes de visita a emergencia y hospitalización en pediatría, y tienen características particulares en niños de hasta 5 años de edad.

Introduction. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of dog bite injuries in children seen at a children's hospital in Bolivia. Population and methods. This was an observational, retrospective study in patients seen between 2017 and 2021. Results. A total of 769 patients were studied. Dog bite injuries accounted for 5.6% of emergency visits and 0.8% of hospitalizations. They were more frequent in children younger than 5 years (55.1%), in whom the following were observed: greater injury severity (p = 0.008), history of animal provocation (p = 0.048), known attacking animal (p < 0.036), domestic accident (p = 0.021), greater frequency of post-exposure prophylaxis with anti-rabies serum (p = 0.005), and maxillofacial area as the main region involved (p < 0.001). There were 3 deaths due to human rabies and 1 due to hypovolemic shock. Conclusion. Dog bite injuries are a frequent cause of visit to the emergency department and hospitalization in pediatrics and have specific characteristics in children younger than 5 years.

Comparison of strip meniscometry and Schirmer tear test results and tear film breakup time between healthy dogs and dogs with dry eye disease / Comparação entre o teste de meniscometria em tira, o teste lacrimal de Schirmer e o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal em cães normais e com olho seco

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare strip meniscometry and Schirmer tear test 1 results and tear film breakup time between dogs with normal eyes and dogs diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Methods: One-hundred fifty-six eyes of 78 dogs, 88 normal eyes, and 68 eyes diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis sicca were included in the study. The tests were performed in the following sequence: Schirmer tear test 1 was used to allocate the dogs to the normal or keratoconjunctivitis sicca group, followed by the strip meniscometry test and tear film breakup time measurement. Results: The results (mean ± standard deviation) of the tests in the normal group were as follows: Schirmer tear test 1, 22.75 ± 3.88 mm/min; strip meniscometry test, 10.01 ± 2.35 mm/5 sec; and tear film breakup time, 25.82 ± 5.47 sec. In the keratoconjunctivitis sicca group, the results were as follows: Schirmer tear test 1, 6.10 ± 4.44 mm/min; strip meniscometry test, 3.03 ± 2.62 mm/5 sec; and tear film breakup time, 10.78 ± 4.23 sec. The Spearman correlation coefficient in the keratoconjunctivitis sicca group was very high, with a significant difference between the strip meniscometry test and Schirmer tear test 1 (r=0.848, p<0.001), and moderate and significant between the strip meniscometry test and tear film breakup time (r=0.773, p<0.001). The cutoff for the strip meniscometry test for keratoconjunctivitis sicca was 7.0 mm/5 sec. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was suspected when the values were <10 mm/5 sec. Conclusions: This study provided strip meniscometry test values from dogs with normal eyes and eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, with high sensitivity and specificity compared with those of the Schirmer tear test 1. In the future, the strip meniscometry test may be another important quantitative test and could complement the gold standard Schirmer tear test for the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs, an excellent animal model for the study of the disease.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o teste de meniscometria em tira com o teste lacrimal de Schirmer 1 e o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, em cães com olhos normais e cães com diagnóstico de ceratoconjuntivite seca. Métodos: Cento e cinquenta e seis olhos de 78 cães, 88 olhos normais e 68 olhos com diagnóstico de ceratoconjuntivite seca. Os testes foram realizados na seguinte sequência: o teste lacrimal de Schirmer 1 foi utilizado para alocar os cães no grupo normal ou no grupo ceratoconjuntivite seca, seguido pelo teste de meniscometria em tira e tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal. Resultados: As médias e desvios-padrão para os olhos normais foram: teste lacrimal de Schirmer 1 = 22,75 ± 3,88 mm / min; teste de meniscometria em tira = 10,01 ± 2,35 mm / 5 seg; tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal = 25,82 ± 5,47 seg; e para os olhos do grupo ceratoconjuntivite seca foram: teste lacrimal de Schirmer 1 = 6,10 ± 4,44 mm / min; teste de meniscometria em tira = 3,03 ± 2,62 mm / 5 seg; tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal = 10,78 ± 4,23 seg. O teste de correlação de Spearman no grupo ceratoconjuntivite seca foi muito alto, com diferença significativa entre teste de meniscometria em tira e teste lacrimal de Schirmer 1 (r=0,848, p<0,001), moderada e significativa entre teste de meniscometria em tira e tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal (r=0,773, p<0,001). O cut-off para teste de meniscometria em tira para ceratoconjuntivite seca foi identificado em 7,0 mm / 5 seg, valores abaixo de 10 mm / 5 seg podem ser considerados suspeitos para KCS. Conclusões: Este estudo forneceu valores de teste de meniscometria em tira em olhos normais e com ceratoconjuntivite seca em cães, revelando alta sensibilidade e especificidade em comparação com o teste lacrimal de Schirmer 1. No futuro, o teste de meniscometria em tira pode ser outro teste quantitativo importante e pode complementar o teste lacrimal de Schirmer padrão ouro para o diagnóstico de ceratoconjuntivite seca em cães, um excelente modelo animal para o estudo de ceratoconjuntivite seca.

Gestión poblacional canina y felina en el marco One Welfare: Una mirada retrospectiva Bogotá 2004 a 2021

RESUMEN Objetivo. Analizar la gestión poblacional de perros y gatos en Bogotá entre 2004 y 2021 en el marco "One Welfare". Materiales y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que incluye análisis de intervenciones públicas y privadas relacionada con esterilizaciones, adopciones y sacrifício de animales de compañía, discriminando por localidad, especie, sexo y actor (público o privado), la información disponible se organizó empleando Excel®, con análisis descriptivo y resultados expresados en frecuencias, proporciones y tasas. Resultados. Entre 2004 y 2021 se esterilizaron 750.949 gatos y perros por el sector público y 217.276 privado, se adoptaron 22.126 a través del programa de adopción distrital y se sacrificaron 101.165 de los cuales el 8.8%% fueron gatos; hasta después del año 2005 los gatos se incluyeron en las estimaciones poblacionales y después de 2014 se captó información de veterinarios particulares (esterilización) quienes aportaron el 29% del total de intervenciones. Conclusiones. El crecimiento poblacional de animales demanda atención sanitaria, policiva y ambiental, debiendo mantenerse su gestión ética, aunque complementado con acciones sobre diversas fuentes donde se originan los animales; el enfoque One Welfare es derrotero, reconoce interconexiones entre bienestar animal, humano y ambiente y facilita la colaboración interdisciplinaria para mejorar su bienestar, además complementa y dialoga con One Health. Este estudio aporta al presentar de forma organizada y comparada estadísticas de gestión disponibles, siendo insumo para tomadores de decisión y comunidad interesada.

ABSTRACT Objective. To analyze the population management of dogs and cats in Bogota between 2004 and 2021 within the "One Welfare" framework. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective, descriptive study that includes an analysis of public and private interventions related to the sterilization, adoption, and slaughter of companion animals, discriminating by location, species, sex, and sector (public or private). The available information was organized using Excel®, with a descriptive analysis and results expressed in frequencies, proportions, and rates. Results. Between 2004 and 2021, 750.949 cats and dogs were sterilized in the public sector and 217.276 in the private sector; 22.126 were adopted through the district adoption program, 101.165 animals were slaughtered, of which 8.8% were cats; after the year 2005 cats were included in the population estimates and after 2014 information was collected from private veterinarians (sterilization) who contributed with the 29% of the total number of interventions. Conclusions. The population growth of animals demands health, policies, and environmental attention, and its ethical management must be kept, although it should be complemented with actions from various sources where these animals live. The One Welfare approach is a method that recognizes the interconnections between animal, human, and environmental welfare and facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration to improve their welfare, as well as complements and communicates with One Health. This paper contributes, therefore, by presenting in an organized and compared way the available management statistics, for the decision-makers and the interested community.

A Study of Clinico-social Profile of Animal Bite Patients Attending the Antirabies Clinic of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur

Background: Rabies is one of zoonotic viral disease, estimated to cause 59000 human deaths annually in over 150 countries, of which 20,000 are from India alone; about 40% of which are in children under the age of 15. Rabies though 100% fatal is preventable with post-exposure prophylaxis which includes wound washing, anti-rabies vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin. Objective: To describe the clinico-social profile of animal bite patients attending the anti-rabies clinic of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the anti-rabies clinic of Nehru hospital, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from January 2022 to May 2022. Study participants were interviewed by using a pre-phrased, pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Data regarding socio-demographic and clinical profile of the study participants following animal bite exposure was collected. Results: The total number of animal bite victims were 250, in which majority of them were males (76.77%) and highest percentage was of adult population (20-59 years). Maximum number of victims were from rural area (78.70%). 19.35% were working and 39.35% were students. 77.43% were category III bites and in 50.96% cases lower limb was the site of bite and dogs were responsible for 89.67% of the bites. 60.64% victims did not wash the wound properly before reaching the anti-rabies clinic. Conclusion: This study concludes that as majority of the animal bite victims were students and majority of victims were unaware about the importance of wound care, therefore a step can be taken to create awareness in various schools.

Carcinoma de células escamosas (cce) em cão na região prepucial: relato de caso / Squamous cell carcinoma (scc) in dog in the preputial region: case report / Carcinoma de células escamosas (cce) en perro de la región prepucial: reporte de un caso

A expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia vem aumentando devido as mudanças comportamentais e de cuidados dos tutores. Em analogia, com as idades cada vez mais avançadas, é comum o desenvolvimento de doenças associadas, sendo o tumor o mais comum entre elas. Todavia, as neoplasias mais comuns na clínica de pequenos animais estão associadas ao sistema tegumentar. O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE), ou carcinoma espinocelular, é uma neoplasia de epitélio, maligno, de crescimento lento e de baixo potencial metastático. Sua etiologia ainda não é precisamente conhecida e a causa exógena mais comum e descrita pela literatura é a exposição à luz ultravioleta, gerando consequentes lesões nas estruturas genéticas e imunogênicas na pele. Além disso, essas lesões apresentam-se de forma mais comum em animais de pelagem clara, com grande exposição solar e em área anatômicas hipopigmentadas. O prognóstico varia de acordo com a localização e o estágio clínico, sendo favorável o diagnóstico realizado precocemente, e o tratamento consiste na avaliação clínica seguida do protocolo adequado O presente relato de caso tem como objetivo principal reunir e discutir informações associadas sobre o carcinoma de células escamosas em caninos e felinos, abordando aspectos clínicos e patológicos, a fim de facilitar o raciocínio sobre o CCE, desde sua abordagem inicial, até seu diagnóstico final e estadiamento.(AU)

The life expectancy of companion animals has been increasing due to behavioral and care changes of the guardians. In analogy, with the increasingly advanced ages, the development of associated diseases is common, the tumor being the most common among them. However, the most common neoplasms in the small animal clinic are associated with the integumentary system. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or squamous cell carcinoma, is a malignant, slow-growing, low-potential metastatic epithelial neoplasm. Its etiology is not yet precisely known and the most common exogenous cause described by the literature is exposure to ultraviolet light, generating consequent lesions on the genetic and immunogenic structures in the skin. In addition, these lesions are more common in light-haired animals, with high exposure to the sun, and in hypopigmented anatomical areas. The prognosis varies according to the location and clinical stage, being favorable to the early diagnosis, and the treatment consists in the clinical evaluation followed by the appropriate protocol. The present case report has as its main objective to gather and discuss associated information about squamous cell carcinoma in canines and cats, addressing clinical and pathological aspects, in order to facilitate the reasoning about the CCE, from its initial approach, to its final diagnosis and staging.(AU)

La esperanza de vida de los animales de compañía ha ido en aumento debido a los cambios de comportamiento y cuidado de los guardianes. Por analogía, con las edades cada vez más avanzadas, el desarrollo de enfermedades asociadas es común, siendo el tumor el más común entre ellos. Sin embargo, las neoplasias más comunes en la clínica de animales pequeños se asocian con el sistema tegumentario. El carcinoma epidermoide (CCE), o carcinoma epidermoide, es una neoplasia epitelial metastásica maligna de crecimiento lento y bajo potencial. Su etiología aún no se conoce con precisión y la causa exógena más común descrita por la literatura es la exposición a la luz ultravioleta, generando lesiones consecuentes en las estructuras genéticas e inmunogénicas de la piel. Además, estas lesiones son más comunes en animales de pelo claro, con alta exposición al sol, y en áreas anatómicas hipopigmentadas. El pronóstico varía según la localización y el estadio clínico, siendo favorable al diagnóstico precoz, y el tratamiento consiste en la evaluación clínica seguida del protocolo adecuado. El presente reporte de caso tiene como objetivo principal reunir y discutir información asociada sobre el carcinoma epidermoide en caninos y gatos, abordando aspectos clínicos y patológicos, con el fin de facilitar el razonamiento sobre el CCE, desde su abordaje inicial, hasta su diagnóstico final y estadificación.(AU)

Utilização da cannabis sativa para tratamento de dor crônica em cães / Use of cannabis sativa for the treatment of chronic pain in dogs / Uso de cannabis sativa para el tratamiento del dolor crónico en perros

A Cannabis sativa é uma planta que apresenta vários benefícios terapêuticos para animais, como tratamento da dor neuropática, inflamatória e osteoartrose. A dor é bastante recorrente na rotina clínica, sendo importante seu manejo para que seja ofertada uma melhor qualidade e conforto de vida para o paciente. O estudo objetivou identificar, a partir de evidências científicas, as características da utilização medicinal do uso de Cannabis Sativa no tratamento da dor crônica no cão, utilizando um dos seus princípios ativos, canabidiol (CBD). Foi feito uma revisão bibliográfica onde foi realizada a busca de estudos experimentais e relatos de caso em bases de dados eletrônicos, sendo incluídas fontes contendo a utilização do CBD em animais, que abordaram controle da dor, assim como escore avaliativo da dor antes, durante e após o tratamento proposto. Após eleger e analisar 54 estudos percebe-se que na medicina veterinária o uso do canabidio é insuficiente, uma vez que o foco da maior parte dos estudos clínicos é voltado para medicina humana. Ainda assim, a utilização de CBD mostrou-se eficaz, confirmando uma nova alternativa para o controle da dor em animais.(AU)

Cannabis sativa is a plant that has several therapeutic benefits for animals, such as the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain and osteoarthritis. Pain is quite recurrent in the clinical routine, and its management is important to offer a better quality and comfort of life for the patient. The study aimed to identify, based on scientific evidence, the characteristics of the medicinal use of Cannabis Sativa in the treatment of chronic pain in dogs, using one of its active principles, cannabidiol (CBD). A bibliographical review was carried out in which experimental studies and case reports were searched in electronic databases, including sources containing the use of CBD in animals, which addressed pain control, as well as pain assessment score before, during and after the proposed treatment. After choosing and analyzing 54 studies, it is clear that in veterinary medicine the use of CBD is few, and the focus of clinical studies is on human medicine. The use of CBD proved to be effective, thus confirming a new alternative for pain control in animals.(AU)

El cannabis sativa es una planta que tiene varios beneficios terapéuticos para los animales, como el tratamiento del dolor neuropático e inflamatorio y la osteoartritis. El dolor es bastante recurrente en la rutina clínica, y su manejo es importante para ofrecer una mejor calidad y comodidad de vida al paciente. El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar, con base en la evidencia científica, las características del uso medicinal de Cannabis Sativa en el tratamiento del dolor crónico en perros, utilizando uno de sus principios activos, el cannabidiol (CBD). Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la que se buscaron estudios experimentales y reportes de casos en bases de datos electrónicas, incluyendo fuentes que contengan el uso de CBD en animales, que abordaran el control del dolor, así como la puntuación de evaluación del dolor antes, durante y después del tratamiento propuesto. Después de elegir y analizar 54 estudios, queda claro que en medicina veterinaria el uso de cannabidio es insuficiente, ya que el foco de la mayoría de los estudios clínicos está en la medicina humana. Aun así, el uso de CBD demostró ser efectivo, confirmando una nueva alternativa para el control del dolor en animales.(AU)

Ischemic stroke model in large animals / 国际脑血管病杂志

Due to the failure of multiple translational researches, Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) recommends the use of large animal models of focal cerebral ischemia for preclinical researches. Especially, stroke treatment has currently entered a new era of vascular recanalization. Large animals commonly used in acute ischemic stroke models include dogs, swine, sheep, and non-human primates, which can be used to simulate various aspects of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (vascular recanalization) in patients. Although large animals have significant advantages due to their proximity to humans in anatomy and physiology, there are also issues with anatomical and physiological specificity and ethical limitations. This article summarizes the large animal ischemic stroke models prepared by craniotomy and endovascular intervention, hoping to help researchers select the most appropriate large animal ischemic stroke model, and then promote the development of stroke translational research.

Development of a method for determination of osmotic pump controlled-release tablets of lorcaserin hydrochloride in beagle dog plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study / 中国药理学通报

Aim To develop an UPLC-MS/MS method to determine the concentration of lorcaserin hydrochloride in beagle plasma, and study the pharmacokinetics of osmotic pump controlled-release tablets of lorcaserin hydrochloride. Methods A randomized crossover design was used, carbamazepine as the internal standard(IS), and plasma protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The chromatographic was Phenomenex Polar C18 column(100 mm×2. 1 mm, 3 μm), and acetonitrile - water(containing 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid)(40:60, V/V)was mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring mode and electrospray positive ionization were used to detect lorcaserin hydrochloride. The MS/MS ion transitions were monitored at m/z 196.2→129.2 for lorcaserin hydrochloride and m/z 237→194.1 for carbamazepine, respectively. Results The linear range was 1 to 500 μg·L-1(r=0.999 2), the extraction recovery rate ranged from 87.70% to 89.70%, the precision RSD was 9.7%. The accuracy and matrix effect met the requirements, and the stability of lorcaserin hydrochloride was good in -20 ℃ refrigerator for 45 d, repeated freezing and thawing for three times, placed at room temperature for 24 h, and the disposed samples placed in automatsampler for 6 h were stable. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the controlled-release tablet and immediate-release tablet were as follows:Tmax was(8.00±1.27)h and(1.00±0.13)h, Cmax was(70.56±3.73)μg·L-1 and(176.33±16.73)μg·L-1, and AUC0-t was(966.33±7.56)μg·h·L-1 and(973.05±69.09)μg·h·L-1, respectively. Conclusions The established UPLC-MS/MS method can be used to study the pharmacokinetics of lorcaserin hydrochloride in the plasma of beagle dogs, and osmotic pump controlled-release tablets has sustained release effect.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with canine dermatophytoses among dogs in Kwara and Osun States, Nigeria

Background: Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is a zoonotic fungal skin infection caused predominantly by Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton spp. It is highly transmissible and, while normally self-limiting, could be problematic due to its potential to cause disease in certain human populations. The occurrence and associated risk factors of dermatophytoses in dogs presented at three veterinary clinics in Osogbo, and Ilorin, Nigeria between July and November 2019 were investigated in this study. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 325 dogs with lesions suggestive of dermatophytosis, selected by simple random sampling from veterinary clinics of two hospitals, purposively selected for the study due to high patronage of the veterinary hospitals by dog owners. Using conventional mycological sampling techniques, plucked hairs and skin scrapings were obtained the dogs. The samples were emulsified in 10% potassium hydroxide, examined microscopically for fungal elements and cultured using standard mycological procedures. Information on dog demographic characteristics and risk factors for dermatophytosis were collected using structured questionnaire. The association between risk factors and demographic variables with the occurrence of dermatophytoses was determined using Chi-square test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Positive cultures for dermatophytes were obtained from samples of 48 (14.8%) dogs with M. canis 37.5% (18/48), M. gypseum 27.0% (13/48) and T. mentagrophytes 8.3% (4/48). Other fungi identified were Aspergillus flavus 12.5% (6/48) and Malassezia canis 12.5% (6/48). The age distribution of positive dogs were < 1 year (50.0%, n=24), 1-3 years (29.2%, n=14) and > 3 years (20.8%, n=10), while the risk factors associated with dermatophytosis included sex of dogs (p=0.0428), history of dermatophytosis (p<0.0001), clinical presentation (p<0.0001) and lesion type, especially kerion and pustular lesions (p=0.0297). Conclusion: These findings established the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs kept for companionship (i.e., pets), security and breeding purposes in one northern and southern States of Nigeria. Our findings underscore the need for routine mycological investigations in dogs to facilitate early detection of cases and prompt institution of treatment interventions, thereby preventing zoonotic transmission of dermatophytes to their owners, handlers and veterinarians.

Características das habilidades comunicativas em crianças pertencentes a famílias multiespécie / Characteristics of communication skills in children belonging to multispecies families

RESUMO Objetivo investigar as habilidades comunicativas em crianças pertencentes a famílias multiespécie, nas quais o cão é o animal de estimação. Método estudo do tipo exploratório, descritivo, transversal, de natureza qualitativa. Casuística: 34 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre três meses e quatro anos e cinco meses, pertencentes a famílias multiespécie. A pesquisa foi realizada na residência dos próprios sujeitos. Procedimento: os dados foram coletados por meio de observação e filmagem de uma situação de interação, na rotina familiar, durante 30 minutos, envolvendo a presença do cão. Análise dos resultados: os dados foram analisados por meio de categorias de análises de conteúdo quanto a elementos verbais e não verbais, privilegiando as condutas comunicativas na interação criança-cão-adulto interlocutor. Resultados evidenciou-se que o cão desempenhou papel de interlocutor durante as cenas de interação com efeitos nas funções comunicativas da criança. Conclusão os resultados dessa pesquisa apontam para possíveis benefícios no que se refere às habilidades comunicativas nas interações multiespécie e sugere pesquisas posteriores.

ABSTRACT Purpose to investigate the communicative skills of children belonging to multispecies families whose pet is a dog. Methods this is an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative, cross-sectional study. Sample: 34 subjects of both sexes aged three aged 3 to 4 years and 5 months belonging to multispecies families. The study was conducted at the subjects' own homes. Procedure: The data were collected through observation and filming of a 30-min interaction situation in the family routine involving the presence of the dog. Analysis of the results: The data were analyzed and content analysis categories were then established regarding the most relevant verbal and nonverbal elements, with emphasis on the child-dog-adult interlocutor communicative interactions. Results the results showed that the dog played the role of interlocutor during the interaction scenes, with effects on the child's communicative functions. Conclusion the results of this study point to possible benefits to communicative skills in multispecies interactions. Further studies on this theme are suggested.

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in a rural area of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Ocorrência de parasitas gastrintestinais em cães de área rural de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Abstract We investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in rural areas of the municipality of Painel, Santa Catarina, Brazil. For this, 91 canine feces samples were collected from 82 farms between August, 2017 and January, 2018. These fecal materials were processed using the techniques of spontaneous sedimentation, centrifugation-floatation in zinc sulfate and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A questionnaire in the form of an interview was administered to the dogs' owner and information about the farm and the main care provided for the dogs was obtained. Among 91 sampled dogs, 27 (29.7%) were positive for at least one parasite species. Ancylostoma was the most prevalent genus (16.5%), followed by Giardia duodenalis (14.3%), Trichuris vulpis (6.6%), Toxocara canis (5.5%), Entamoeba spp. (4.8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.3%) and Taeniidae (1.1%). Most dogs do not receive veterinarian care and rarely received antiparasitic treatment. They were free to roam and had free access to animal remains and garbage, which was reflected in the significant associations with the occurrence of parasites that were found. We conclude that rural dogs harbor gastrointestinal parasites, but that their owners are unaware of the risks that these parasites can bring to human health.

Resumo Foi investigada a ocorrência de parasitos gastrintestinais com potencial zoonótico, em cães de área rural do munícipio de Painel, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para isso, foram colhidas amostras de fezes de 91 cães de 82 propriedades rurais, no período de agosto de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. Este material fecal foi processado pelas técnicas de sedimentação espontânea, centrífugo-flutuação em sulfato de zinco e coloração pelo Ziehl-Neelsen. Um questionário em forma de entrevista foi aplicado aos tutores dos cães e foram obtidas informações sobre a propriedade rural e principais cuidados com os cães. Entre as 91 amostras de fezes, em 27 (29,7%) foi detectada a presença de parasitos gastrintestinais, sendo Ancylostoma o gênero mais prevalente (15 / 16,5%), seguido por Giardia duodenalis (13 / 14,3%), Trichuris vulpis (6 / 6,6%), Toxocara canis (5 / 5,5%), Entamoeba spp. (4 / 4,8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3 / 3,3%) e Taeniidae (1 / 1,1%). A maioria dos cães não recebia cuidados veterinários ou antiparasitários. Concluiu-se que os cães de área rural albergam parasitos gastrintestinais, porém seus tutores desconhecem os riscos que esses parasitos podem trazer para a saúde humana.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibody seroprevalence and risk factors among dogs treated at Public Veterinary Hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil / Soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães atendidos em Hospitais Públicos Veterinários em São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract Dogs can be infected by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, for which they function, respectively, as intermediate, and definitive hosts. In the present study seroprevalence against T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies, were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (cut off of 16 and 50, respectively), in dogs that were treated at public veterinary hospitals in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and risk factors were identified. Out of the 1,194 samples 125 (10.5%; 95% CI: 8.8-12.3%) were positive for T. gondii and 9 (0.75%, 95% CI: 0.34-1.4%) for N. caninum. For T. gondii, statistical differences were observed between the proportions of positive dogs and different zones of the municipality (p = 0.025), and age (p = 0.02), higher among older dogs. The keepers were invited to answer an epidemiological questionnaire to analyze risk factors, and 471 (39.4%) agreed to be interviewed, and among their dogs 65 (13.8%) were T. gondii seropositive. Age group above 8 years (OR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.08-12.23) was a risk factor and having a defined breed (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25-0.96) was a protective factor for T. gondii infection. Because of the low number of dogs positive for N. caninum, risk factors for this coccidium were not determined.

Resumo Cães podem ser infectados por Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum, os quais funcionam, respectivamente, como hospedeiros intermediários e definitivos. Neste estudo, a soroprevalência contra anticorpos anti-T. gondii e N. caninum foi determinada pelo teste de imunofluorescência indireta (ponto de corte de 16 e 50, respectivamente), em cães atendidos em hospitais públicos veterinários da região metropolitana de São Paulo e fatores de risco foram identificados. Das 1.194 amostras, 125 (10,5%; IC 95%: 8,8-12,3%) foram positivas para T. gondii e 9 (0,75%, IC 95%: 0,34-1,4%) para N. caninum. Para T. gondii foram observadas diferenças entre as proporções de cães positivos e diferentes zonas do município (p = 0,025) e idade (p = 0,02), prevalência maior entre os mais velhos. Os tutores foram convidados a responder um questionário epidemiológico para análise de fatores de risco, e 471 (39,4%) concordaram em ser entrevistados, destes 65 cães (13,8%) eram soropositivos para T. gondii. Faixa etária acima de 8 anos (OR = 3,63; IC 95%: 1,08-12,23) foi fator de risco e raça definida (OR = 0,49; IC 95%: 0,25-0,96) foi fator de proteção para a infecção por T. gondii. Devido ao baixo número de positivos para anticorpos anti-N. caninum, fatores de risco para este coccídio não foram determinados.

Biomechanical evaluation of four surgical techniques for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint in dogs

Purpose: This study compared, through biomechanical evaluation under ventral flexion load, four surgical techniques for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint in dogs. Methods: In total, 28 identical atlantoaxial joint models were created by digital printing from computed tomography images of a dog, and the specimens were divided into four groups of seven. In each group, a different technique for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint was performed: transarticular lag screws, polyaxial screws, multiple screws and bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate­PMMA), and atlantoaxial plate. After the stabilization technique, biomechanical evaluation was performed under ventral flexion load, both with a predefined constant load and with a gradually increasing load until stabilization failure. Results: All specimens, regardless of stabilization technique, were able to support the predefined load without failing. However, the PMMA method provided significant more rigidity (p ≤ 0.05) and also best resisted the gradual increase in load, supporting a significantly higher maximum force (p ≤ 0.05). There was no statistical difference in flexural strength between the transarticular lag screws and plate groups. The polyaxial screws method was significantly less resistant to loading (p ≤ 0.05) than the other groups. Conclusions: The PMMA technique had biomechanical advantages in ventral atlantoaxial stabilization over the other evaluated methods.