Dairy Consumption and Associations with Nutritional Status of Chinese Children and Adolescents / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to describe frequency and quantity of total dairy consumption of Chinese children and adolescents and explore the associations between dairy consumption and nutrition status, including stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity.@*METHODS@#Participants included 28,250 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including 100 kinds of food was used to collect information about frequency and quantity of dairy consumption. Determination of stunting was with a height cutoff value for age and gender, and determination for wasting, overweight, and obesity was with BMI for age and gender.@*RESULTS@#Of the total sample, 36.1% of children aged 6-17 reported consuming dairy food more than once per day (⪖ 1/day). The average total dairy intake of all the participants was 126.7 g/day. For boys, dairy consumption had an inverse correlation with stunting and wasting after controlling for confounders. For girls, dairy consumption was negatively associated with stunting and obesity after controlling for confounders as above.@*CONCLUSION@#Dairy consumption in Chinese children and adolescents was relatively lower than that in developed countries, and was negatively associated with stunting and wasting for boys and with stunting and obesity for girls.

Consumo de lácteos y adecuación del aporte de calcio en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de laUniversidad Nacional del Nordeste / Dairy consumption and adequacy of calcium intake in students of the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of the Northeast

Los lácteos constituyen un grupo alimentariode gran relevancia para el ser humano, se consideran como tales a la leche y sus derivados, por ser los alimentos fuente de calcio por excelencia su ingesta adecuada garantiza cubrir la Ingesta Recomendada del mineral. El objetivo general del trabajo fue determinar la adecuación de la Ingesta recomendada de calcio, para ello se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo. La población de estudio fueron los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Nacional del Nordeste. Sobre ella se tomó una muestra no probabilística accidental conformada por 100 unidades muestrales. Tras el análisis de datos se observó que el 22% de los encuestados no cubre la IR de calcio mientras que el 58% lo hace en exceso y solo el 20% cumple la media de 1000 mg/día. Como conclusión se destaca la necesidad de implementar estrategias de educación nutricional a fin de mejorar el patrón de consumo de lácteos y la consecuente ingesta de calcio

Consumo de lácteos en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín / Dairy consumption of university students at Medellin city

Intake of dairy products in a population of 420 college students from 4 universities of Medellin city, Colombia, was evaluated to determine consumption preferences and knowledge through a personal interview. Analysis of the data using the multivariate technique MANOVA with canonical orthogonal contrast was performed using the statistical package SAS version 9.0. 80.7% of the students consumed milk, with a highly significant difference in the frequency of consumption among socioeconomic levels, being the highest consumption at the highest level. A significant difference in milk consumption according to gender was found, with a higher consumption by men. Milk ranks fifth as favorite beverage (6.1%), behind juice, water, soft drink and aromatic drinks. Cost (28.3%) and taste (20.9%) were the main reasons for non-consumption of dairy milk.

Se evaluó el consumo de productos lácteos en una población de 420 estudiantes universitarios de 4 instituciones de educación superior de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, para determinar las preferencias y conocimientos frente al consumo por medio de una entrevista personal. Se efectuó el análisis de los datos aplicando la técnica multivariada MANOVA con contraste canónico ortogonal empleando el paquete estadístico SAS versión 9.0. Se encontró que un 80,7% de los universitarios consumen leche, con una diferencia altamente significativa en la frecuencia de consumo entre niveles socioeconómicos, siendo el nivel alto el de mayor consumo. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en el consumo de lácteos entre sexos, con un mayor consumo por parte de los hombres. La leche ocupa el quinto lugar como bebida preferida (6,1%), por detrás de jugos, agua, gaseosa y aromáticas. Las razones principales para no consumir lácteos son el costo (28,3%) y el sabor (20,9%).

Survey result on dietary recall of school children / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BackgroundAn estimated 522 066 students are studying in secondary school of Mongolia and it was 19% of total population. Population life expectancy and health status is directly related to adolescents’ health, as many chronic disease conditions are affiliated with adolescence. Many premature deaths among adults result from behavior initiated during adolescence. According to the NRC survey, one in thirteen schoolchildren (7.3%) was underweight, 16.3% was stunting, and 13.8% were iodine deficiency. It has taken 52.8% of total daily energy among 11-14 years schoolchildren and 50.5% were between 15 and 17 ages. In addition, research in Mongolia in 2005 indicate serious problems in healthy eating behavior; 8% of adolescents consumed milk products on daily basis, 71.7% had breakfast only sometimes, and 83.2% had a meal one time per day. Micronutrient deficiency such as anemia, A, D vitamins among them is cause of low consumption of vegetable and fruits. There is a need to study schoolchildren’s dietary recall.ObjectiveTo study and evaluate schoolchildren’s nutritional statusMaterials and MethodsThe descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out in 4 districts of Ulaanbaatar city (750 schoolchildren from each district) and 2 aimags (889 schoolchildren from Uvurkhangai and 925 from Dornod) of Mongolia. Also determined current nutrition situation of surveyed schoolchildren by using 24 hours recall method and assessed.ResultA total of 4760 (46.6% boys and 53.4% girls) school children surveyed and 46.6% were boys and 53.4% were girls. 71.7 percent of total respondents have breakfast sometimes, 83.2 of them have a lunch only one time per day, and 38.3 percent of total daily energy takes from dinner and have not any difference between age groups. Adolescent aged 7-10 years takes 92.7 percent of total calorie, 90.1 percent of protein, 93.9 percent of carbohydrate and 92.3 percent of fat compared to RDI of Mongolia and thus animale fat is the 1.6 times more than the norm. Consumption of vitamins and minerials such as vitamin A, and iron8 calcium were insufficient among schoolchildren. Specially, it was lower among male student than female. For instance vitamin C intake was 48.0- 58.6 percent among female students aged above 11 years and it was 47.3- 51.8 percent for male students. About 30 percent of total calcium is consumed per day among overal respondents. Conclusions:1. Daily intake of basic nutrients and energy is lower by 10-30 percent than RDI of Mongolia among schoolchildren.2. High consumption of in diet among male adolescents of age 15 years and above causes disbalance of adequate ratio of main nutrients as protein8 fat and carbohydrates.3. There is not enough suffecient consumption of vitamins and minerials specially calcium.

Feeding patterns of the aquatic grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the middle Paraná river, Argentina

The aquatic grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) is native to South America and inhabits lowlands from southern Mexico to Central Argentina and Uruguay. This grasshopper is host-specific to aquatic plants of the genera Eichhornia and Pontederia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the feeding patterns of the aquatic grasshopper C. aquaticum in relationship to development stages and sex and to determine the food consumption rate in their host plant, Eichhornia crassipes. Samples were collected from April 2006 to May 2007 in different floodplain lakes of the Middle Parana River. The average consumption was greater in the females (0.127 g food/day ± 0.051) than in the males (0.060 g food/day ± 0.025). The feces of 361 nymphs and adults of this locust were examined and the most common tissue fragments found were of the water hyacinth (E. crassipes). In the initial nymphal stages (I, II and III), an exclusive consumption of E. crassipes was registered, while in the IV and V stages the choice included also other macrophytes. In summary, C. aquaticum presents polyphagy in the field, feeding on six macrophytes of different classes and families.

Consumo de fuentes de calcio en adolescentes mujeres en Panamá / Food calcium intake in teenager women in Panamá

Para conocer la adecuación de la ingesta de calcio y el consumo de bebidas carbonatadas en mujeres adolescentes en la Ciudad de Panamá, 180 estudiantes de sexo femenino de 12-17 años fueron entrevistadas en dos colegios públicos mediante un recordatorio de 24 horas y un formulario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Según los resultados, la leche y el queso fueron las principales fuentes de calcio y los consumió el 60.5 por ciento y el 56.7 por ciento respectivamente; 1/4 del grupo consumió diariamente 1 porción de estos lácteos. Otras fuentes de calcio fueron el helado de crema y las leguminosas. El yogurt, refrescos y comidas con leche, hortalizas verdes, sardinas y alimentos fortificados no formaban parte de sus hábitos de alimentación. La ingesta promedio de calcio fue 440 mg/día ± 423 según la frecuencia de consumo y 314 mg/día ± 255 según el recordatorio de 24 horas. Ambos resultados son inferiores al 50 por ciento de la recomendación. El 72 por ciento del grupo consumió bebidas carbonatadas y la mayor parte (30 por ciento) tomaba una unidad diaria. Los lácteos fueron la principal fuente de calcio, pero la baja ingesta y el alto consumo de bebidas carbonatadas arriesgarían la futura salud ósea de estas adolescentes.

The adequacy of calcium intake from food and carbonated drinks consumption levels in a Panama City’s female adolescents group was studied. We evaluated 180 teenage girls (12-17 years) in two public schools using food frequency questionnaires and a 24-hour food recall. According to the results, milk and cheese were this population’s main calcium source. Milk was a food source in 60.5 percent, while 56.7 percent indicated that they eat cheese. On average, a once-a-day intake of one of these dairy products was observed in 1/4 of the group. Ice cream and pulses were secondary calcium sources. Yogurt, milk-made meals and beverages, green vegetables, fortified food and sardines were not components of these girls’ food habits. The average calcium intake was 440 mg/d ± 423 according to the food frequency questionnaire and 314 mg/d ± 255 according to their 24-hour food recall. Calcium’s low level intakes are less than 50 percent of the recommended daily intake for this age group. Carbonated drinks were consumed by 72 percent of the group and 30 percent drank one unit daily. Dairy products are the main calcium source for the studied group. However, because of insufficient calcium intake and high consumption of carbonated drinks, the future bone health of these teenage girls is at risk.