Résumé
Aim: In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the utility of these species in treating dairy wastewater. Bioreactor was studied using immobilized Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena ambigua to treat dairy effluent. Study Design: The entire study including the treatment and filtration was conducted in Centre for biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, between November 2014 to February 2015. Methodology: The treatment of dairy effluent consists of two stages; the first stage includes dairy effluent treatment using immobilised Chlorella vulgaris and Anabeana ambigua, while the second stage involves sand bed and coal bed filtration. Results: Chlorella vulgaris reported a high lipid content of 12% when compared with Anabaena ambigua 5% after the cultivation period. Whereas the protein content of Anabaena ambigua (40%) was higher than Chlorella vulgaris (28%) when compared with after harvesting. Whilst ammonium nitrate was completely removed by bead treatment it was 96% reduction when treated with Chlorella vulgaris. A 98% removal of phosphates was achieved on an average after algal bead treatment for both species in both modes of operation. Moreover, a significant decrease in BOD and COD was achieved by this method. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the cultivation of algae in dairy effluent results the combined advantages of treating the dairy effluent and also producing algal biomass, which can further use of food additives for aquatic culture, animal and human feed, energies such as biogas and fuels and bio-fertiliser.
Résumé
Aim: Every Dairy industry has problems of effluent treatment. This can be revealed by effective treatment of the effluent. The effective treatment can be done by using microorganisms to stabilize the organic and inorganic load of the effluent. The aim of the present work is to study the dairy wastewater micro biota and to identify some new active strains which can bring about fast biodegradation of the organic compounds. Study Design: Isolation and determination of bacteriological characteristics of the dairy effluents. Methodology: Studies were carried out to isolate the microorganisms from collected effluent sample from the dairies under studies. Isolation of microorganisms was done by primary screening, Cultural Characterization, Biochemical characterization and Identified by using Bergey’s Manuals of Systematic Bacteriology. Results: During 2011-2013 from two different districts of Maharashtra (India), dairy industry effluents were collected for the isolation of micro organisms. Effluent samples were collected as per Jacksch and piper method and primary screening was done and totally 7 Isolates were screened out. These isolates were characterized on nutrient agar at room temperature for 24 hrs. Isolates were observed for the cultural characters like size, shape, colour, margin, elevation, opacity and consistency and morphological characters like Gram nature, sporulation, shape and arrangement of cells, motility etc. and were recorded. Physio-biochemical characterization was followed by biochemical tests for enzymatic activities like catalase, oxidase, nitrate reduction, urease, caseinase etc and carbohydrates utilization tests for lactose, maltose, inositol, xylose etc. performed to check their ability for metabolization. On the basis of these characteristics, isolates were identified by using Bergey’s Manuals of Systematic Bacteriology. The identified Bacterial Isolates were of Genus Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria etc. Conclusion: These Bacterial isolates have the ability to utilize the components like nitrate, starch, gelatin, sugars like sucrose, maltose, lactose etc. which was confirmed by the biochemical tests. Bacterial flora from the effluents can be identified and efficiently applied for the biological treatment of the dairy effluents.