Phyllanthus fraternus manifests potent anti-proliferative activity on cultured Daudi cells

Objective: The aim of this study is to observe the apoptosis of Phyllanthus fraternus Webster against Daudi cells and to study its primary mechanism. Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative activity of cultured Daudi cells was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of P. fraternus . Trypan blue viability assay was also performed. Apoptosis induction in the cells posttreatment was determined by DNA fragmentation assay, Agarose gel electrophoresis, and Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide dual staining. Protein isolation and analysis was carried out using the standard polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protocols. Results: The extracts inhibited the growth and proliferation of Daudi cells through induced cell death, which was dose-dependent and time-dependent. The IC50 value was found to be 220 μg/ml after 72 h of treatment. The induction of DNA fragmentation and increase in a number of apoptotic cells posttreatment suggest the possibility of apoptosis induction. A significant decrease in protein level was also observed. Conclusion: The results raise the possibility that the hydroalcoholic extract of P. fraternus could be a potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Further evaluation of its potency as a chemotherapeutic agent is imperative

Lymphokine activated killer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of endometriosis of patients improve cytotoxicity to endometriosis cell culture.

Background: To assess the increased cellular immunity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) derived LAK cells from endometriosis patients towards endometriosis cell cultures after stimulation with IL-2. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study of pre and post treatment using controls. Phenotype evaluation of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD56+ effector cells of PBMC from endometriosis patients and controls was performed. Cytotoxicity test of PBMC from endometriosis patients and control towards Daudi, K562 cell line and endometriosis cell cultures using 51Chromium release assay was also carried out. Results: Phenotype evaluation of PBMC from endometriosis patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 6) were done prior to and after IL-2 stimulation. Before IL-2 stimulation, CD3+CD4+, CD56+ from endometriosis group (n = 10) tend to be lower than control (n=6) whereas CD3+CD8+ were higher in endometriosis group than controls. After IL-2 stimulation, CD3+ CD8+, CD56+ of PBMC from endometriosis group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity test revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in both PBMC’s effector cells from endometriosis and control group towards target cells, Daudi, and K562 cell lines after IL-2 stimulation. PBMC’s effector cells cytotoxicity from both endometriosis and control towards target endometriosis cell cultures were also elevated after IL-2 stimulation. Conclusion: LAK cells derived IL-2 stimulated PBMC from endometriosis patients increased cellular immunity towards endometriosis cell cultures.