Barulho. Silêncio. Trabalhando com os ecos da pulsão de morte / Noise. Silence. Working with death drive echoes / Ruido. Silencio. El trabajo con los ecos de la pulsión de muerte

Tomando dois casos clínicos como eixo condutor, discute-se a relação necessária entre processos de adoecimento psíquico e estratégias terapêuticas. O primeiro caso se caracteriza por um psiquismo tomado pelo barulho do embate ininterrupto com seu objeto interno/externo; o segundo, pelo silêncio de um mundo interno desertificado. A compreensão dos respectivos processos de adoecimento determina duas estratégias terapêuticas distintas: desativação do binômio angústia-defesa no primeiro caso e revitalização psíquica no segundo.

By building this paper upon two clinical vignettes, the author discusses the necessary relationship between the psychopathological processes and therapeutic strategies. The first case is characterized by a psyche that is taken by the noise of an uninterrupted collision with its internal/external object. The other case is characterized by the silence of an inner world that becomes desert. Understanding these cases and their respective psychopathological processes defines two different therapeutic strategies: deactivation of the anxiety-defense binomial (i.e., anxietydefense mechanisms) in the first case, and psychic revitalization in the second case.

Tomando dos casos como eje conductor, la autora analiza la relación necesaria entre los procesos psicopatológicos y la especificidad de las estrategias terapéuticas. El primer caso se caracteriza por una psique tomada por el ruido de la lucha ininterrumpida con su objeto interno/ externo; el segundo, por el silencio de un mundo interno desertificado. La comprensión de los procesos psicopatológicos determina las estrategias terapéuticas necesarias: la desactivación del binomio angustia-defensa en el primer caso, y la revitalización psíquica en el segundo.

Research on the clinical value of tumor deactivation after radiofrequency ablation of liver cancer assessed by MDCT / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the clinical value of tumor deactivation after radiofrequency ablation of liver cancer assessed by MDCT.Methods: By CT perfusion combined with CT angiography and CT enhanced scan in 91 cases of liver cancer patients before and after radiofrequency ablation treatment, the change of tumor size, density change, scope of coagulation necrosis area and comparison sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of two methods diagnosis of recurrent or residual tumor were observed.Results:In the diagnosis of tumor recurrence or residual degree of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy CTP combine CTA were 100%, 95.3%, 96.2%, conventional enhanced CT were 33.3%, 88.4% and 78.8%. The diagnosis of recurrence or residual tumor after radiofrequency sensitivity and accuracy CTP combine CTA is higher than conventional enhancement CT, The difference was statistically significant(x2=6.912, x2=7.121;P<0.05). Both no statistical difference between specificity(x2=0.615,P<0.05).Conclusion: CTP combination CTA can accurately determine the tumor after radiofrequency ablation for inactivated and degree, and superior to the conventional enhanced CT, is an effective evaluation method of radiofrequency ablation with a high clinical value.

Effect of factors on pepsin and trypsin fibrinolytic activity and deactivation of fibrinolytic activity / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the method for study on the effect of factors on pepsin and trypsin fibrinolytic activity and deactivation of fibrinolytic activity and to eliminate the interference of pepsin and trypsin on the detection of crude protein fibrinolytic activity of Armadillidium vulgare (porcellio plasmin) in order to obtain the proteins or peptides which have the smaller molecular weight but higher titer during the pepsin and trypsin degradation. Methods: To study the effect of pepsin and trypsin deactivation on pH value, temperature, metal ions, enzyme inhibitor, surfactant, and responsing fibrinolytic by fiber fibrin plate assay. The better enzyme deactivation process was obtained and used for studying the effect on the fibrinolytic activity of urokinase, lumbrokinase, and porcellio plasmin. Results: All the pH value, temperature, metal ions, enzyme inhibitor, and surfactant have had an impact on pepsin and trypsin fibrinolytic activity. Among them the optimum deactivation of pepsin was pH 6.0-8.0, while the optimum deactivation of trypsin was mixed preparation with TLCK at the concentration of 25 mg/mL and EDTA at the concentration of 1 mmol/L. Conclusion: This study has obtained the better enzyme deactivation process which could be used for the detection of fibrinolytic activity of pepsin and trypsin degradation product by fiber fibrin plate assay, the operation is simple, and the repeatability and stability are good.

Effect of deactivation of enzymes on chemical composition of Forsythiae Fructus using 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the effect of deactivation of enzymes on chemical composition of Forsythiae Fructus using NMR based metabolomics approach. Methods: 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the differential metabolites between raw Forsythiae Fructus (RF) and Forsythiae Fructus with deactivation of enzymes (DF). And degradation pathway of significant metabolites was inferred by biosynthetic pathway. Results: Twenty-four metabolites were identified in the 1H-NMR spectrum of Forsythiae Fructus, and principal component analysis (PCA) showed clear separation between RF and DF. The S-plot of orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that ten compounds contributed to the separation of RF and DF, and the levels of forsythiaside A, forsythiaside C, phillyrin, rutin, and surcose were higher in DF than those in RF, while the levels of rengyol, rengyoside, rengyolone, α-glucose, and β-glucose were higher in RF than those in DF. Moreover, the degradation of forsythiaside A into rengyol was proposed. Conclusion: This study reveals the chemical effect of deactivation of enzymes on Forsythiae Fructus in a holistic manner, which confirms rationality and necessity of deactivation of enzymes during the processing of Forsythiae Fructus. This study also serves as a basis for the bioactive compounds and quality standards research of Forsythiae Fructus.

Changes of Motor Deactivation Regions in Patients with Intracranial Lesions

OBJECTIVE: There is a rich literature confirming the default mode network found compatible with task-induced deactivation regions in normal subjects, but few investigations of alterations of the motor deactivation in patients with intracranial lesions. Therefore, we hypothesized that an intracranial lesion results in abnormal changes in a task-induced deactivation region compared with default mode network, and these changes are associated with specific attributes of allocated regions. METHODS: Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a motor task were obtained from 27 intracranial lesion patients (mean age, 57.3 years; range 15-78 years) who had various kinds of brain tumors. The BOLD fMRI data for each patient were evaluated to obtain activation or deactivation regions. The distinctive deactivation regions from intracranial lesion patients were evaluated by comparing to the literature reports. RESULTS: There were additive deactivated regions according to intracranial lesions: fusiform gyrus in cavernous hemangioma; lateral occipital gyrus in meningioma; crus cerebri in hemangiopericytoma; globus pallidus, lateral occipital gyrus, caudate nucleus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, claustrum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus in GBM; fusiform gyrus in metastatic brain tumors. CONCLUSION: There is increasing interest in human brain function using fMRI. The authors report the brain function migrations and changes that occur in patients with intracranial lesions.

Functional MRI study of insula in the task-state and resting-state / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To study the activated status of insula during the performance of word generation task, and to explore the function of different part of insula with functional MRI (fMRI). Methods Twenty-eight subjects were recruited in this study (male 15, female 13), all of them underwent block-designed fMRI with word generation tasks and resting-state scan. SPM 5 and REST 1.3 were used to process the data. Bilateral anterior insula and posterior insula were selected as seeds to calculate the connectivity coefficiency with other voxels, and differences between the anterior and the posterior insula were compared. Results Bilateral anterior insula was significantly activated, while bilateral posterior insula was significantly deactivated. The functional connectivity areas with left anterior insula included right anterior insula, right posterior insula, supplementary motor area (SMA), left superior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobe, middle cingulate gyrus, right striatum and right inferior frontal gyrus. The functional connectivity areas with left posterior insula included right posterior insula, left anterior insula, right superior temporal gyrus, middle cingulate gyrus, right precentral gyrus and right striatum. The functional connectivity areas with right anterior insula included SMA, left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobe, left inferior parietal lobe, left superior temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right striatum, middle cingulate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left striatum, right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus and left transverse temporal gyrus. The functional connectivity areas with right posterior insula included right precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left anterior insula, left posterior insula, right supramarginal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus. Conclusion Anterior insula and posterior insula are functionally connected with different areas, and concerned with the language function in different manners. Left lateral anterior insula may play an important role in the language function.

Non-invasive induction and cancellation of visuo-spatial deficits by repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): Lessons on “surgery-less” manipulation of complex visuo-spatial brain networks

Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has shown to modify the excitability of targeted cortical regions in animals and humans, thus transiently altering the efficiency of neural projections within extended brain networks. Adequate processing and behavioral output depend on a given ‘state’ of functional interactions between cortical and subcortical nodes within this network. We applied rTMS trains targeted at the visuoparietal (VP) cortex, which is a crucial cortical node of an extended visuo-spatial neural network, in both, intact (n=2) and injured cats (n=2) with unilateral ablation of the VP region. All four intact cats were intensively trained in a set of visuo-spatial tasks consisting in the detection and localization of moving or static targets. In two of these cats, a 50 mm circular coil was centered on the left VP cortex and Sham or real rTMS was delivered during 20 minutes at 1 Hz. Real but not Sham rTMS significantly increased the number of errors in orienting responses towards static but not moving targets, presented at the contralateral visual hemifield (38±4%; and 48±3% p<0.05 vs. pre rTMS), whereas no increase respect to baseline was observed for ipsilateral targets (5±2%; 2±1%; n.s). Performance went back to baseline error levels 45 minutes after the end of the stimulation (4±2; 6±1%). In 2 other animals, the right or left parietal and primary visual cortex was surgically removed, generating a Daily stimulation with 1 Hz rTMS on the intact VP region resulted in a progressive reduction of detection¬orienting mistakes to moving but not static stimuli (down to 34±5% and 28±4% errors; p<0.05). We conclude that rTMS is able to interact with brain networks in both ways, transiently disrupting visuo-spatial processing in normal animals, and also canceling spatial neglect generated by lesions of the same areas. It constitutes, thus, a non-invasive ‘surgery-less’ method to manipulate brain activity and promote recovery after injuries.

Inducible deactivation mechanism underlying JNK signal cascade / 中国药理学通报

MAPKKK (MEKK1 or ASK1)/MAPKK (SEK1 or MKK7)/JNK signal cascade is an important pathway which mediates apoptosis. MAPK phosphotase can deactivate JNK by dephosphorylation of JNK.The interaction between JNK and c-Jun can also be negatively regulated by NO through S-nitrosylation. SGK1 or Akt can result in deactivation of SEK1 through its phosphorylation at the Ser78 site.The c-FLIPL can block this cascade through binding with MKK7.GST Mu1-1 interferes and suppresses MEKK1-mediated apoptosis. GST Pi 1-1 and TRX have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ASK1 through forming protein complex. The deactivation of JNK can enhance drug resistance of tumor cells and counteract the injury from a wide variety of stimulus. Here,how these proteins induce deactivation of the pathway and mediate anti-apoptosis has been discussed.