A Comparative Study on Death Orientation and the Cognition & Nursing Needs of Hospice in Hospice Volunteers: a comparison between the trained and non trained volunteer / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to identify the death orientation and cognition, attitude and nursing needs in hospice care according to training of volunteers. METHOD: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which included characteristics, death orientation and cognition, attitude and nursing needs in hospice care. Data collection was done between June 1st and 20th, 2003. The participants in the study were the 86 trained hospice volunteers and 76 non-trained hospice volunteers. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/PC+ program. RESULT: The results are as follows: There was a significant difference in the average for the death orientation scores between non-trained hospice volunteers and trained hospice volunteers. There was a significant difference for the cognition of hospice and attitude, with higher responses being given by the hospice trained group. For the domains of nursing needs in hospice care, the highest response was to emotional needs. CONCLUSION: This study showed that training in hospice care was effective in changing the death orientation, cognition, attitude and nursing needs in hospice care.

A Comparison of Death Orientation in Student Nurses before and after Studying a Major / 기본간호학회지

This study was done to compare death orientation scores for student nurses before and after studying a major. The participants were 130 student nurses before the major and 123 student nurses after the major at C university in Kwang Ju city. The data were gathered from March, 1998 to September, 2001 using a questionnaire.The data were analysed by Chi square test, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The mean scores for death orientation before and after the major were 57.8 and 60.2 respectively. The mean score of death orientation after the major tended to be higher than before but they were not significantly different. 2. There were significant differences in death orientation scores between the two groups before the major for 'physical function (F=3.83, p=0.023)' and 'attending a lecture on spiritual nursing (F=2.58, p=0.010)'. After the major there were significant difference for 'feeling of health (F=4.76, p=0.001)'. 3. The death orientation scores before the major showed an inverse correlation with religiosity score (r=-0.239, p=0.006). After the major there was no correlation with religion.

A Study on Change in Death Orientation of College Student Nurses : comparison of pre and post hospice care class / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the death orientation of college student nurses and to evaluate the effectiveness in death orientation of a class on 'hospice care'. this was done by investigating the difference between the death orientation before and after the class. METHOD: The instrument used in this investigation was the death orientation scale developed by Thorson and Powell (1988). The subjects of the study were the 47 college student nurses in a 'hospice care' class. The research was carried out between March 2, 2001, when the class began, and June 21, 2001 when the class ended. The collected data were examined using arithmetic mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA. RESULT: The results of the study are as follows: 1. The average death orientation score of the subjects before the class was 2.80. 2. There were a significant difference in the death orientation scores before and after the class (p0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that a class on hospice care was effective in changing the death orientation of student nurses.

Death Orientation of the Korean Adult: Data was focused on residents who were living in urban area / 기본간호학회지

Death and dying of human being is a comprehensive system, and death orientation, the subjective meaning related to every component of the death system is developed throughout life. this study was designed and carried out to identify, describe and classify the orientations of Korean adult toward the death system. In an attempt to measure the subjective meaning of death and dying, unstructured Q-methodology was used. The 65 Q-statements developed by Kim(1994), used by Kim(1994) and Park(1996) were adopted as Q-population and 39 Q-statements were selected by the three researchers for Q-items for this study. Thirty-three P-samples were sampled from P-population of literature Korean men and women, 35 and 55 years of age, lived in urban Korea for the last 10 years. Sorting of the 39 Q-items according to the level of personal agreement, and a forced normal distribution into the 9 levels were carried out by the P-samples. the Z-scores of the Q-sort data were computed, and the principal components factor analysis by PC-QUANL Program were carried out. the demographic, socio-cultural and health-related attributes of the P-samples were descriptively analysed. Eight types of death orientation were identified : Type I ; "naturalist". Six P-samples. Death is a natural phenomena, to be accepted as it is and to follow its natural course. Prefer to be informed of all facts and possibilities concerning the course of dying and death to occur to self. Type II ; "life-after-life negator". Three P-samples. Time and process of death is the destiny of each person. Death means 'darkness' and 'end to every thing, the absolute end'. Yet, wish physical integrity at the dying and after death. Type III ; "life-after-life believer". Six P-samples. Men are travellers passing by this life bound to the life-after-life. Priority concerns are on the activities. to prepare self for the eternal life ahead. Disregard premature and sudden death. Type IV ; "here-now believer". Five P-samples. Positive regard to the cremation of the body and donation of the organs on death. Regard religious and customary post-mortem rituals meaningless. Negate life-after life. Type V ; "believer of rituals". Five P-samples. Death being accepted as a part of a natural end to, and destiny of human life. Concerned to ensure a dignified end to personal life and dignified post-mortem rituals. Type VI ; "Realist"(derived from Type I). Tow P-samples. Life and death as universal reality. The abrupt death at golden age at the peak of happiness is favored to avoid inevitable physical and mental distress of self and the family. Agreed to the cremation of the body. disregard rituals. Type VII ; "Fatalist"(derived from Type II). Five P-samples. Not favored, yet, all man are destined to death, the inevitable end of all living beings. to ensure dignified end by personal consummation, information. on one's dying and imminent death are to be shared. Type VIII ; "reality avoider"(derived from Type III. One P-sample. Negative to longevity, artificial prolongation of, meaningless and distressful life. Highly positive to post-mortem organ donation.

A Study on the Degrees of Death Orientation and Terminal Care Performance of Nurses / 기본간호학회지

This study has been done for the purpose of investigating the degrees of death orientation and terminal care performance. The factors related to these two variables, and the relationship between death orientation and terminal care performance. The subjects of study were 128 nurses who implemented nursing care for terminally ill patients at C University Hospital in Kwang Ju city. The date were collected from March 13 to 19, 1996, by means of Death Orientation by Thorson Powell(1988) and Terminal Care Performance Scale by researcher. The data were analysed by t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. The mean score of death orientation was 61.4. The degree of death orientation showed no significant difference depending on the general characteristics of nurses. 2. The mean score of terminal care performance was 45.5. In comparison of the degree of terminal care performance among three domains, the mean score of each item tended to show higher degrees in order of'Psychological domain(2.4)','Physical domain(2.2)',' Spiritual domain(1.9)'. 3. The degree of terminal care performance showed significant differences in age (F=11.48 p=.0001), marital status(t=10.49 p=.0015), religion(t=5.01 p=.0270), period of clinical experience(F=10.30 p=0.0001) and ward unit(F=3.73 p=.0036). The degree of terminal care performance in physical domain showed significant differences in age (F=7.26 p=.0010), marital status(t=9.72 p=.0023), period of clinical experience(F=7.03 p=.0013), ward unit(F=6.23 p=.0001). The degree of terminal care performance in psychological domain showed significant differences in age(F=8.73 p=.0003), marital status (t=4.22 p=.0419), religion(t=5.59 p=.0196), period of clinical experience(F=6.36 p=.0023), ward unit(F=3.33 p=.0075). The degree of terminal care performance in spiritual domain showed significant differences in age(F=8.30 p=.0004), marital status(t=10.45 p=.0016), religion(F=5.41 p=.0216), period of clinical experience(F=8.80 p=.0003). 4. The relationship between the degrees of death orientation and terminal care performance showed no correlation(r=-.026 p=.7746).

A Classification of Death Orientation of Cancer Patient`s Family Members: A Q-Methodological Approach / 기본간호학회지

This study was designed to identify, describe and classify orientations of cancer patient's family members to death and to identify factors related to their attitudes on death. Death to the male is understood as a comprehensive system and believed to be highly subjective experience. Therefore attitude on death is affected by personalities. As an attempt to measure the subjective meaning toward death, the unstructured Q-methodology was used. Korean Death Orientation Questionnaire prepared by Kim was used. Item-reliability and Sorting reliability were tested. Forty five cancer patient's family members hospitalized in one university medical center in Seoul were sampled. Sorting the 65 Q-items according to the level of personal agreement; A forced normal distribution into the 11 levels, were carried out by the 45 P-samples. The demographic data and information related to death orientation of the P-sample was collected through face to face in depth interviews. Data was gathered from August 30 till September 22, 1995. The Z-scores of the Q-items were computed and principal component factor analysis was carried out by PC-QUANL Program. Three unique types of the death orientation were identified and labeled. Type I consists of twenty P-samples. Life and death was accepted as people's destiny. They firmly believed the existence of life after life. They kept aloof from death and their concern was facing the end of the life with dignity. They were in favor of organ donation. Type II consists of Nine P-samples. They considered that death was the end of everything and did not believed the life after life. They were very concerned about the present life. Type III consists of Sixteen P-samples. They regarded the death as a natural phenomena. And they considered that the man is just a traveller and is bound to head for the next life which is believed to be free of agony, pain or darkness. They neither feared death nor its process. Their concerns were on the activities to prepare themselves for the eternal-life after death. Thus, it was concluded that there were three distinctive type of attitudes on death among cancer patient family members, and their death attitudes were affected by demographic and socio-cultural factors such as sex, education, and religion.