Résumé
Introduction: Sex determination of a skeleton remains is very important to the anatomists, anthropologists aswell as forensic experts. The innominate has long been recognized as one of the most reliable skeletal indicatorsof sex in adult human beings. Three common parameters used by Derry (chilotic line index), Washburn (ischiopubicindex) and Schulter Ellis (acetabulum pubic index) claimed to identify sex in high percentage of hip bones. Jit andsingh (1966) suggested use of Demarking points (DP) to identify sex of the bone to highest accuracy. Present studywas done to study sexual dimorphism in Ischiopubic index of hip bone and to study accuracy of DemarkingPoints of ischiopubic index in identifying a bone of a particular sex.Materials and Methods: In present study, total numbers of 111 adult human hip bones 79 male and 32 female indepartment of Anatomy, M. P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat were selected, their pubic length andischial length were measured; Ischiopubic index calculated; DP for ischiopubic index determined.Results: There was statistically significant difference in Ischiopubic index of male and female hip bones whichwas in accordance with previous studies. Also DP of present study was different from other studies.Conclusion: Ischiopubic index differs from population to population and region to region in same population;also DP method has certain limitations in sex determination. Therefore present study points towards a need forproper standardization of Mean Ishciopubic index as well as Demarking Point method for individual population,race etc for better identification of male and female hip bones
Résumé
Background and Objectives : To determine sex from unknown skeletal remains is vital. Various methods to do this on different bones of human skeleton have been extensively studied. In general male bones are heavier larger and muscular markings are more prominently seen as compared to female bones. The objective of this study was to find out comparative differences between the right and left clavicles from certain metrical parameters and to enable assessment of sex from unknown clavicles. Methods: The study was conducted on 213 adult clavicles, out of which 96 were of the right side and 117 were of the left. The maximum length of clavicles in mm was taken and demarking points were established by adding and subtracting 3×SD from means. Results: The mean length of right clavicle was 142.28 mm ± 11.40 mm SD and that of left clavicle was 145.14 mm ± 11.87 mm SD. It has been observed that left clavicle is longer than right clavicle by 2.82mm. Depending upon length of clavicle the sex can be decided in 3.13% male and 2.08% female in right clavicles and 1.71% male and 1.71% female in left clavicles. Conclusion: The left clavicle was longer compared to right clavicle. Demarking points give 99.75% accurate data, measured by adding & subtracting 3×SD from means. Demarking points for length of clavicles were >176.48 mm for male & <108.08 mm for female on right side and >180.75mm for male & <109.53 mm for female on left side for this study. This study is useful for medico legal and anthropological examination of bones and for academic studies in anatomy.
Résumé
In the identification of sex in human skeletal remains, Sacrum is an important bone for identification of sex in human skeletal system. Since it is a component of axial skeleton and because of its contribution to the pelvic girdle and in turn to the functional differences in the region between the sexes, it has an applied importance in determining sex with the help of measurements carried upon it. Over the years different authors had carried various types of measurements on human sacra of different races and regions. A study for sexing of sacra was carried on 40 sacra (20 male & 20 female sacra) in Punjab. The method used was sacral index. The measuring instrument used was sliding vernier calliper. All the sacra taken were normal. The sacral index of sacra its mean and standard deviations were calculated. Then calculated range (mean ± 3S.D.) and demarking points (DP) of both the parameters and the percentage of bones in which sex could be identified by them was also calculated. The results were compared with the available literature. It was found that D.P of sacral index was very reliable in sexing of sacra.