Effect of acupuncture sensation on body sway during one legged stance / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objectives]The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of acupuncture sensation on the body sway during a one-legged stance.[Methods] The study participants were 16 healthy adults (mean age 21.8±1.6 years). The study design was a crossover method, wherein the same individuals participated in the acupuncture stimulation condition and the control condition at intervals of more than one week. Evaluation was performed before and after each intervention by holding a one-legged stance for 40 seconds on a force plate. A total of six items of body sway were measured, including: circumferential area, rectangular area, effective value area, total trajectory length, unit trajectory length, and unit area trajectory length. In addition, Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the ease with which the lower leg was subjected to force during measurement. In the acupuncture stimulation condition, single acupuncture was performed on the lower limb muscle group of the measuring leg, and the VAS of the acupuncture sensation was evaluated at the time of stimulation and at the end of measurement. Stainless steel disposable acupuncture needles (length: 50 mm, diameter: 0.20 mm.) were used for stimulation. The stimulation sites were the ST32, ST37, BL37, BL57, and GB37 of the test leg, and acupuncture needles were inserted to the desired depth and removed when sensation was felt. The control condition was the supine position for five minutes. Comparisons were made between the pre- and post-acupuncture stimulation conditions and the pre- and post-control conditions(body sway, lower leg VAS, acupuncture sensation VAS). [Results] There was no significant difference between the two conditions in terms of body sway. However, the VAS of lower limb effort was significantly lower, from 78.0±14.9 mm to 63.1±17.0 mm before and after the intervention (p<0.05). On the other hand, in the control condition, there was no significant difference from 79.5±12.3 mm to 75.2±12.7 mm before and after rest. The VAS of acupuncture sensation was 50.4±14.3 mm during stimulation and 9.8±9.0 mm at the end of measurement, which was significantly lower (p<0.05). [Conclusion] Acupuncture sensation did not affect the body sway before and after acupuncture stimulation. However, the subjective sensation of weakness appeared, suggesting that acupuncture stimulation may cause a transient sensation of weakness.

Modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa del licenciado en Imagenología / Model for evaluating the researching competence of the graduate in Imaging

Fundamento: la evaluación del desempeño profesional y la competencia constituye el eje fundamental del modelo cubano para el análisis y evaluación de la calidad en la educación y práctica médicas. Objetivo: diseñar un modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa del licenciado en Imagenología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en los centros de atención secundaria del municipio Holguín desde 2021 a 2022. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis, sistémico-estructural-funcional y modelación; y empíricos: análisis documental y cuestionario a licenciados en Imagenología. Para la valoración del modelo se empleó el criterio de 10 especialistas con reconocido prestigio en los centros de atención. Los indicadores fueron la pertinencia, utilidad, factibilidad. Resultados: se constataron insuficiencias en la competencia investigativa evidenciadas en el desempeño profesional. Se elaboró un modelo de evaluación compuesto por dos subsistemas: teórico funcional y contextualización; de sus relaciones deviene una nueva cualidad que se enuncia en la mejora del desempeño profesional investigativo para la solución de problemas tecnológicos y biomédicos. Conclusiones: los dos subsistemas que componen el modelo de evaluación de la competencia investigativa tienen una relación de coordinación. Los especialistas lo valoraron como pertinente, útil y factible de ser aplicado.

Background: the evaluation of professional performance and competence constitutes the fundamental axis of the Cuban model for the analysis and evaluation of quality in medical education and practice. Objective: to design a model for evaluating the research competence of the graduate in Imaging. Methods: a development investigation was carried out in the secondary care centers of the Holguín municipality from 2021 to 2022. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, systemic-structural-functional and modeling; and empirical: documentary analysis and questionnaire to graduates in Imaging. To evaluate the model, the criteria of 10 specialists with recognized prestige in care centers were used. The indicators were relevance, usefulness, feasibility. Results: insufficiencies in the researching competence were found, evidenced in professional performance. An evaluation model composed of two subsystems was developed: functional theory and contextualization; from their relationships becomes a new quality that is expressed in the improvement of professional researching performance for the solution of technological and biomedical problems. Conclusions: the two subsystems that make up the research competence evaluation model have a coordination relationship. The specialists valued it as pertinent, useful and feasible to be applied.

Evaluación del impacto de la especialidad Oftalmología en el desarrollo docente de sus egresados / Assessment of the impact of the Ophthalmology specialty on the teaching development of its graduates

Fundamento: la evaluación del impacto en el contexto de la educación superior es el proceso mediante el cual se valoran los cambios que ocurren en el egresado por influencia del programa, un tiempo después de aplicadas las acciones formativas. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de la especialidad Oftalmología en el desarrollo docente de sus egresados en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Mariana Grajales Coello" de Holguín. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de evaluación con enfoque mixto y de corte transversal en el campo del posgrado académico, en el período enero 2021-junio 2022. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empírico: cuestionario para obtener información sobre la percepción de los egresados respecto al impacto de la especialidad en su preparación docente. El procesamiento incluyó análisis de frecuencias relativas, índice de posición, la correlación elemento escala y el índice de Cronbach para la confiabilidad. Resultados: las subdimensiones aportes al dominio de las categorías de la didáctica, preparación en el trabajo metodológico, preparación en la organización y dirección del trabajo docente calificaron de Alto el impacto de la especialidad en la preparación docente de los egresados. Además, hubo 47 % de participación en la ejecución de actividades docentes de pregrado y posgrado después de haber cursado la especialidad. Conclusiones: la percepción de los egresados evidenció el alto impacto de la especialidad Oftalmología en su preparación docente, componente esencial en la educación médica para la calidad del proceso docente educativo.

Background: impact evaluation in the context of higher education is the process through which the changes that occur in the graduate due to the influence of the program are assessed, sometime after the training actions have been applied. Objective: to assess the impact of the Ophthalmology specialty on the teaching development of its graduates at "Mariana Grajales Coello" Faculty of Medical Sciences in Holguín. Methods: an evaluation study was carried out with a mixed and cross-sectional approach in the field of academic postgraduate studies, from January 2021 toJune 2022. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied: questionnaire to obtain information on the perception of graduates regarding the impact of the specialty on their teaching preparation. The processing included analysis of relative frequencies, position index, scale element correlation and Cronbach's index for reliability. Results: the sub dimensions contributions to the mastery of the categories of didactics, preparation in methodological work, preparation in the organization and direction of teaching work rated the impact of the specialty on the teaching preparation of graduates as High. In addition, there was 47% participation in the execution of undergraduate and graduate teaching activities after having completed the specialty. Conclusions: the perception of the graduates evidenced the high impact of the Ophthalmology specialty on their teaching preparation, an essential component in medical education for the quality of the educational teaching process.

Perfil dos fonoaudiólogos com formação em motricidade orofacial no Brasil / Profile of speech therapists trained in orofacial myology in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o perfil do fonoaudiólogo brasileiro com formação especializada em motricidade orofacial (MO). Métodos Estudo descritivo e exploratório, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado entre setembro 2022 e fevereiro 2023, com parceria do Conselho Federal de Fonoaudiologia. Participaram 87 fonoaudiólogos com formação em MO. Resultados Evidenciou-se predominância feminina, faixa etária entre 41 e 50 anos e tempo de formação especializada em MO entre 16 e 20 anos; maioria com título de especialista e da Região Sudeste do Brasil, atuando em consultórios/ambulatórios e/ou clínicas, com ações interdisciplinares com Medicina e Odontologia, abrangendo adultos e crianças, principalmente na rede privada. Prevaleceram os domínios da MO quanto à reabilitação de estruturas moles e hábito oral e maior uso de tecnologias: leve - acolhimento e assistência; leve-dura - avaliação e terapia e dura - fotobiomodulação. Conclusão Os fonoaudiólogos brasileiros com formação especializada em MO, participantes do estudo, são, em sua maioria, mulheres com mais de 41 anos de idade, que detêm titulação de especialista, com práticas nos vários domínios e níveis de tecnologia da área, principalmente em diagnóstico e reabilitação dos distúrbios miofuncionais orofaciais.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the profile of Brazilian speech therapists with specialized training in orofacial myology (OM). Methods Descriptive and exploratory, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out between September 2022 and February 2023, in partnership with CFFa. Eighty-seven speech therapists with specialized training in OM participated. Results showed female predominance, age between 41 and 50 years, and time of specialized training in OM between 16-20 years; most with specialist titles in the Southeast of Brazil. Most work in offices/outpatient clinics and/or clinics with interdisciplinary actions with Medicine and Dentistry; seeing adults and children, mainly in a private sector. As to OM domains there was a predominance of rehabilitation of soft structures and oral habits, and most use technologies: light - reception and assistance, light-hard - evaluation and therapy, and hard - photobiomodulation (40.2%). Conclusion The Brazilian speech therapists with specialized training in OM participating in the study are mostly women over 41 years old, who hold the title of specialists, and carry out practices in various domains and levels of technology in the area, with a predominance of diagnosis and rehabilitation of oromyofunctional disorders.

Challenges and potentialities of business entrepreneurship in nursing: analogies to brazilian entrepreneurial activity / Desafíos y potencialidades del emprendimiento empresarial en enfermería: analogías con la actividad empresarial brasileña / Desafios e potencialidades do empreendedorismo de negócios na enfermagem: analogias à atividade empreendedora brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the potentialities and challenges of entrepreneurial activity in the early-stage stage of nurses, considering the analogies between the profile of Brazilian nursing and business entrepreneurs in the country. Method: this is a theoretical reflection articulated around the concept of phases of entrepreneurial activity. From this starting point, common variables from the Nursing Profile survey and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brazil Report were selected, such as sex, age group, education level, family income and occupation. Taking into account a parallel between variables, reflection on the challenges and potential of entrepreneurial nurses in the nascent and new entrepreneurial activity phases was ordered. Results: it is possible that nascent and new entrepreneurial nurses are predominantly women, specialized with the possibility of income compatible with traditional jobs. Specialization, professional experience and professional legislation are strengths, while sex is a challenge. Conclusion: there are both potentialities and challenges. For nascent and new entrepreneurs to emerge, entrepreneurial education, promotion of gender equality, work and income policies are particularly relevant.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las potencialidades y desafíos de la actividad empresarial en la etapa inicial de los enfermeros frente a las analogías entre el perfil de la enfermería brasileña y los empresarios del país. Método: reflexión teórica articulada en torno al concepto de fases de la actividad emprendedora. A partir de ese punto de partida, fueron seleccionadas variables comunes de la Encuesta Perfil de Enfermería y del Informe Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brasil, entre las que se encuentran género, grupo etario, nivel educativo, renta familiar y ocupación. Teniendo en cuenta un paralelismo entre las variables, se ordenó la reflexión sobre los desafíos y potencialidades de los enfermeros emprendedores en las fases de actividad emprendedora naciente y nueva. Resultados: es posible que las enfermeras nacientes y nuevas emprendedoras sean predominantemente mujeres, especializadas, con posibilidad de ingresos compatibles con los trabajos tradicionales. La especialización, la experiencia profesional y la legislación profesional son potencialidades, mientras que el género es un desafío. Conclusión: hay potencialidades y desafíos. Para el surgimiento de emprendedores emergentes y nuevos, la educación emprendedora, la promoción de la igualdad de género, las políticas de trabajo e ingresos son particularmente relevantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre potencialidades e desafios da atividade empreendedora em estágio inicial de enfermeiros face à analogias entre o perfil da enfermagem brasileira e de empreendedores de negócios no país. Método: reflexão teórica articulada em torno do conceito de fases de atividade empreendedora. Deste ponto de partida foram selecionadas variáveis comuns da pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem e do Relatório do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brasil, sendo sexo, faixa etária, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar e ocupação. Levando em conta um paralelo entre as variáveis, ordenou-se a reflexão sobre os desafios e potencialidade de enfermeiros empreendedores nas fases de atividade empreendedora nascente e nova. Resultados: é possível que enfermeiros empreendedores nascentes e novos sejam predominantemente mulheres, especializadas, com possibilidade de renda compatível com postos tradicionais de trabalho. A especialização, a experiência profissional e a legislação profissional são potencialidades; enquanto que o sexo, um desafio. Conclusão: há tanto potencialidades quanto desafios. Para que empreendedores nascentes e novos surjam são relevantes, sobretudo, a educação empreendedora, promoção da igualdade de gênero, políticas de trabalho e renda.

New species of Claudiotendipes Andersen, Mendes & Pinho and Tapajos Trivinho-Strixino, Silva & Oliveira from Brazil (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae)

ABSTRACT Two recently revealed genera, Claudiotendipes, consisting of three distinct species, and the monotypic Tapajos, have new species described. We describe and figure Claudiotendipes gilbertoi sp. n., based on male adult specimens collected in the southern Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Sul State. Additionally, we describe and figure Tapajos froehlichi sp. n., from male adults collected in the Amazon Forest from Amazonas and Rondônia States. In order to place the newly described T. froehlichi sp. n., minor emendations have been made to the diagnosis and description of Tapajos.

Perfil dos secretários municipais de Saúde do Brasil: um panorama de três décadas / Perfil de los secretarios de salud municipales en Brasil: un panorama de tres décadas / Profile of municipal managers of healthcare in Brazil: an overview of three decades

Resumo Os secretários municipais de saúde são atores estratégicos na construção e governança do SUS. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise comparativa do perfil dos secretários municipais ao longo de três décadas (1996, 2006 e 2017), com base em dados de três inquéritos transversais realizados em âmbito nacional, por meio de questionários estruturados direcionados para todos os secretários do país. A análise evidenciou aumento da participação feminina, maior diversidade étnica e racial e maior qualificação profissional dos gestores, além da renovação do perfil geracional, mas ainda com predomínio de homens brancos e importantes diferenças regionais. Foi observado avanço da democratização desses espaços de gestão, mas permanece o desafio de tornar a máquina pública mais representativa do conjunto da sociedade brasileira.

Resumen: Les secretarios municipales de salud son actores estratégicos en la construcción del SUS (Sistema Único de Salud) y participan activamente en la gobernanza del sistema. El análisis comparativo del perfil de los secretarios municipales a lo largo de tres décadas (1996, 2006 y 2017) se realizó utilizando la base de datos de tres encuestas transversales realizadas a nivel nacional con cuestionarios estructurados dirigidos a todos los secretarios municipales de salud del país. El aumento de la participación femenina, la mayor diversidad en términos étnicos y raciales, mayor cualificación profesional de los gestores, además de la renovación del perfil generacional, reitera el avance de la democratización de estos espacios de gestión. A pesar de la renovación del perfil durante la construcción del SUS, queda el desafío de hacer que la máquina pública sea más representativa de la sociedad brasileña en su conjunto.

Abstract Municipal health secretaries are strategic actors in the construction of the Brazilian national health system - SUS, actively participating in the system's governance. The comparative analysis of the profile of municipal secretaries over three decades (1996, 2006, and 2017) was carried out using the database of three cross-sectional surveys carried out at the national level with structured questionnaires aimed at all municipal health secretaries in the country. The increase in female participation, greater diversity in ethnic and racial terms, greater professional qualification of managers, and the renewal of the generational profile, reiterates the advance of the democratization of these management spaces. Despite the renewal of the profile during SUS's construction, the challenge remains to make the public machine more representative of Brazilian society as a whole.

Myoid gonadal stromal tumor, a case report with review of the literature

The diagnosis of myoid gonadal stromal tumor (MSGT) can represent a difficult challenge, both for the extreme rarity of this neoplasm and for the clinical?radiological characteristics similar to other neoplasms of the testicle. The case management we present suggests how a complete differential diagnosis can be obtained by integrating ultrasonographic and pathological data.

Sedentarismo laboral en distintos contextos ocupacionales en México: prevalencia y factores asociados / Sedentary work in different occupational contexts in Mexico: prevalence and associated factors

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de sedentarismo laboral en diferentes contextos ocupacionales y estimar los factores asociados de acuerdo con el sector de actividad económica. Material y métodos: Análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE); se identificó la ocupación y se clasificó en cuatro categorías. La variable dependiente fue el sedentarismo laboral; las variables independientes fueron sexo, edad, escolaridad, ingreso, zona de residencia urbana del trabajador, formalidad laboral y región socioeconómica. Los factores asociados se estimaron mediante regresión logística múltiple por sector de actividad económica. Resultados: La mayor prevalencia del sedentarismo laboral se encontró en el sector de servicios (43%, IC95%: 42.3-43.6). Los factores asociados fueron nivel de estudios superior, mayores ingresos, ser mujer y trabajar en el sector formal. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sedentarismo laboral es alta en sectores productivos estratégicos, por lo que es necesario considerar los factores de riesgo identificados en este trabajo para establecer estrategias de mitigación.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the prevalence of sedentary work in different occupational contexts and to estimate the associated factors to economic activity sector. Materials and methods: Secondary analysis of the Occupation and Employment National Survey (ENOE, in Spanish) was conducted. Occupation was classified into four categories. Sedentary work was the dependent variable; the independent variables were sex, age, education, income, inhabitant of urban area, work formality and socioeconomic region. The associated factors were estimated using multiple logistic regression by economic activity sector. Results: The highest prevalence of sedentary work was found in services sector (43%, 95%CI= 42.3-43.6). The associated factors were college degree, higher income, being a woman and working in the formal sector. Conclusions: Sedentary work has a high prevalence in strategic productive sectors. It is necessary to consider the risk factors identified here to establish mitigation strategies.

La educación médica posgraduada en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en Villa Clara, Cuba / Postgraduate medical education in the confrontation against COVID-19 in Villa Clara, Cuba

RESUMEN Fundamento: capacitar a los trabajadores del sistema de salud y otros sectores en temas relacionados con la COVID-19 resulta necesario para enfrentar con éxito la pandemia. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del proceso de capacitación sobre el nuevo coronavirus en la provincia Villa Clara durante el año 2020. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara entre febrero-octubre 2020 para lo cual se revisó la documentación existente en la Dirección de Posgrado y en la Secretaria General. La información obtenida se analizó a través de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se realizaron diversas actividades de superación posgraduada dirigidas al personal de la salud; en una primera etapa se logró capacitar al 98,59 %, en otros momentos resultaron preparados 293 055 personas de varios organismos y organizaciones. Se efectuaron talleres relacionados con los protocolos de actuación, medidas de bioseguridad y otras acciones. Para garantizar la atención efectiva en el cumplimiento de misiones en el territorio nacional e internacional, se graduaron 54 médicos y 287 licenciados en Enfermería en un diplomado sobre Bioseguridad, más 54 técnicos en Enfermería en un entrenamiento sobre riesgo biológico. Conclusiones: la actualización del personal del sistema de salud y de otros sectores ha garantizado un adecuado enfrentamiento a la pandemia, lo cual ha permitido que en el período estudiado, esta provincia se mencione entre las que han logrado un mayor control de la enfermedad en Cuba.

ABSTRACT Background: training workers in the health system and other sectors on issues related to COVID-19 is necessary to successfully face the pandemic. Objective: to describe the behavior of the training process on the new corona virus in Villa Clara province during 2020. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from February to October 2020, so the existing documentation in the Postgraduate Department and the General Secretariat was reviewed. The information obtained was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: various postgraduate improvement activities were carried out aimed at health personnel; In the first stage, 98.59% were trained, at other times 293,055 people from various agencies and organizations were trained. Workshops related to action protocols, biosafety measures and other actions were held. To guarantee effective care in the fulfillment of missions in the national and international territory, 54 doctors and 287 graduates in Nursing graduated from a diploma course on Biosafety, plus 54 Licensed Practical Nurses graduated from a training course on biological risk. Conclusions: the updating of the health system personnel and of other sectors has guaranteed an adequate confrontation with the pandemic, which has allowed that in the period studied, this province is considered among those that have achieved greater control of the disease in Cuba.

Morphological description of extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb in a specimen of pudu (Pudu puda) / Descripción morfológica de la musculatura extrínseca del miembro torácico de un espécimen de pudú (Pudu puda)

SUMMARY: The pudu (Pudu puda) is classified as an artiodactyl of the Cervidae family. It is a native species found in Argentina and Chile. It is estimated that its population has been substantially reduced due to several causes, such as loss of forests, predation, hunting, and vehicle accident. Therefore, this species is protected due to its vulnerable conservation status. The extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb have great importance in the biomechanical functionality of the suspension of the limb, neck, and head, as well as participating in the movement of the thoracic wall and thoracic limb. The objective of the present study is to describe the extrinsic musculature of the thoracic limb of a specimen of pudu, comparing the results with those described for domestic ruminants in the classical anatomical bibliography. Basic procedures: All extrinsic muscles were analyzed, describing shape, distribution, origin, and insertion. The results indicate that the pudu specimen has anatomical characteristics similar to domestic ruminants; however, some differences should be considered. Main findings: The brachiocephalicus muscle has an evident clavicular intersection that separates it into cleidobrachialis, cervicalis, and mastoideus pars. The pectoralis superficialis muscle has two distinct and independent pars, and the pectoralis profundus muscle has a partial fusion with the latissimus dorsi and cutaneous trunci muscles. The subclavius muscle is small and has an elongated shape and goes deep into the cephalic vein, just at the point it is a tributary of the external jugular vein. The results of this study present specific anatomical features of Pudu puda providing novel reference information and expanding scientific knowledge of this scarcely studied wild species.

RESUMEN: El pudu (Pudu puda) se clasifica como un artiodáctilo de la familia Cervidae. Es una especie nativa que se encuentra en Argentina y Chile y se estima que su población se ha reducido sustancialmente debido a varias causas, tal como la pérdida de bosques, depredación, caza y accidentes de vehículo. Debido a lo anterior esta especie está protegida por su estado de conservación vulnerable. Los músculos extrínsecos del miembro torácico tienen gran importancia en la funcionalidad biomecánica de la suspensión del miembro, el cuello y la cabeza, además de participar en el movimiento de la pared torácica y el miembro torácico. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la musculatura extrínseca del miembro torácico de un ejemplar de pudu, comparando los resultados con los descritos para rumiantes domésticos en la bibliografía anatómica clásica. Se analizaron todos los músculos extrínsecos, describiendo la forma, distribución, origen e inserción. Los resultados indican que el espécimen de pudu tiene características anatómicas similares a las de los rumiantes domésticos; sin embargo, deben tenerse en cuenta algunas diferencias. Hallazgos principales: El músculo braquiocefálico tiene una interección clavicular evidente que lo separa en pars cleidobraquial, cervical y mastoideo. El músculo pectoral superficial tiene dos porciones distintas e independientes, y el músculo pectoral profundo tiene una fusión parcial con los músculos latissimus dorsi y cutáneo del tronco. El músculo subclavio es pequeño y tiene una forma alargada y se ubica profundamente a la vena cefálica, justo en el punto en el que es un afluente de la vena yugular externa. Los resultados de este estudio presentan características anatómicas específicas de Pudu puda proporcionando información de referencia novedosa y ampliando el conocimiento científico de esta especie silvestre escasamente estudiada.

Diversity of white spot patterns in the eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps (Myliobatiformes: Aetobatidae) in the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica

Introduction: The Pacific white-spotted eagle ray Aetobatus laticeps, has recently separated from the Atlantic A. narinari based on both morphological and genetic evidence. This species is characterized by a dark body with numerous white spots all over its dorsal side. Considering the type, shape, number, and distribution of these natural markings as potential identifiers at the individual level, we studied the variation in the spot patterns. Objective: Describe and compare the white spot pattern (type and distribution) of individuals and evaluate their potential use as identifiers at the individual level. Methods: We analyzed 54 videos (105 subsequent extracted photos) and 19 photographic records that were taken at different sites along the Pacific coast of northern Costa Rica. Results: Seventeen distinctive types of white spots were identified across the entire dorsal side of the rays. Significant differences between each major body section (pectoral fins, back, head, and pelvic fins) were found in the type and frequency of white spots. The type 'single spot' was commonly distributed across the entire dorsal side, and the spot pattern on the pelvic fins was informative to identify 72 individuals. Conclusions: The analysis of the type, shape, and distribution of white spots in A. laticeps determined several combinations of white spot patterns that be used for further taxonomic description and provide potential identification of the individual for future population studies along with its distribution.

Introducción: La raya águila de manchas blancas del Pacífico, Aetobatus laticeps, se ha separado recientemente de A. narinari del Atlántico basándose en pruebas tanto morfológicas como genéticas. Esta especie se caracteriza por un cuerpo oscuro con numerosas manchas blancas en toda su parte dorsal. Considerando el tipo, la forma, el número y la distribución de estas marcas naturales como identificadores potenciales a nivel individual, estudiamos la variación en los patrones de manchas. Objetivo: Describir y comparar el patrón de manchas blancas (tipo y distribución) de individuos y evaluar su uso potencial como identificadores a nivel individual en especímenes recapturados. Métodos: Analizamos 54 videos (con 105 fotografías extraídas posteriormente) y 19 registros fotográficos que fueron tomados en diferentes sitios a lo largo de la costa pacífica del norte de Costa Rica. Resultados: Se identificaron diecisiete tipos distintivos de manchas blancas en todo el lado dorsal de los radios. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre cada sección principal del cuerpo (aletas pectorales, espalda, cabeza y aletas pélvicas) en el tipo y frecuencia de manchas blancas. El tipo 'punto único' se distribuyó comúnmente en todo el lado dorsal, y el patrón de puntos en las aletas pélvicas fue informativo para identificar 72 individuos. Conclusiones: El análisis del tipo, la forma y la distribución de las manchas blancas en A. laticeps determinó varias combinaciones de patrones de manchas blancas que se utilizarán para una descripción taxonómica adicional y brindan una identificación potencial del individuo para futuros estudios de población a lo largo de su distribución.

Down the rabbit hole: a quick guide for histopathology description / Descendo a toca do coelho: um guia rápido para descrição histopatológica

Histopathology is an old science that is still currently utilized for disease diagnosis and research. The routinely processed histologic slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin are still used worldwide in most if not every histopathology laboratory. The technique is inexpensive, quick to perform, and allows the diagnosis of a fantastic variety of tissue changes and diseases. Skills in description and interpretation in histopathology are a craft that can be learned by repeatedly and systematically observing simple rules. In this article, we offer a few advices to help trainees in veterinary pathology at the start of their careers. Those advices are drawn from our experience in the diagnostic pathology routine and from the veterinary pathology literature. To enhance the understanding of these important steps in the histopathologic description of tissues, we decided to illustrate most concepts expressed here. We hope that our effort can add a bit to the development of future pathologists. Just like Alice, let us follow the White Rabbit into his burrow for this challenging experience!(AU)

A histopatologia é uma ciência antiga, mas ainda usada para diagnosticar e investigar a patogênese de doenças. As lâminas histológicas processadas rotineiramente e coradas por hematoxilina e eosina ainda são utilizadas em virtualmente todos os laboratórios de histopatologia do mundo. A técnica não é cara, é de execução rápida e permite o diagnóstico de uma fantástica variedade de doenças. As habilidades em descrever e interpretar os achados histopatológicos é um ofício que pode ser aprendido pela observação repetida e sistemática de regras simples. Para ajudar os estudantes de patologia no início de suas carreiras, abordamos aqui algumas dessas regras, extraídas tanto de nossa experiência quanto da literatura relacionada à patologia veterinária. Para aumentar a compreensão dos tópicos, decidimos ilustrar praticamente todos os conceitos expressados neste manuscrito. Esperamos que nosso esforço possa contribuir um pouco para o desenvolvimento de aspirantes a patologistas. Assim como Alice no País das Maravilhas, vamos seguir o coelho branco até a sua toca para essa aventura desafiadora.(AU)

Down the rabbit hole: a quick guide for histopathology description

ABSTRACT: Histopathology is an old science that is still currently utilized for disease diagnosis and research. The routinely processed histologic slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin are still used worldwide in most if not every histopathology laboratory. The technique is inexpensive, quick to perform, and allows the diagnosis of a fantastic variety of tissue changes and diseases. Skills in description and interpretation in histopathology are a craft that can be learned by repeatedly and systematically observing simple rules. In this article, we offer a few advices to help trainees in veterinary pathology at the start of their careers. Those advices are drawn from our experience in the diagnostic pathology routine and from the veterinary pathology literature. To enhance the understanding of these important steps in the histopathologic description of tissues, we decided to illustrate most concepts expressed here. We hope that our effort can add a bit to the development of future pathologists. Just like Alice, let us follow the White Rabbit into his burrow for this challenging experience!

RESUMO: A histopatologia é uma ciência antiga, mas ainda usada para diagnosticar e investigar a patogênese de doenças. As lâminas histológicas processadas rotineiramente e coradas por hematoxilina e eosina ainda são utilizadas em virtualmente todos os laboratórios de histopatologia do mundo. A técnica não é cara, é de execução rápida e permite o diagnóstico de uma fantástica variedade de doenças. As habilidades em descrever e interpretar os achados histopatológicos é um ofício que pode ser aprendido pela observação repetida e sistemática de regras simples. Para ajudar os estudantes de patologia no início de suas carreiras, abordamos aqui algumas dessas regras, extraídas tanto de nossa experiência quanto da literatura relacionada à patologia veterinária. Para aumentar a compreensão dos tópicos, decidimos ilustrar praticamente todos os conceitos expressados neste manuscrito. Esperamos que nosso esforço possa contribuir um pouco para o desenvolvimento de aspirantes a patologistas. Assim como Alice no País das Maravilhas, vamos seguir o coelho branco até a sua toca para essa aventura desafiadora.

Dragonflies and Damselflies in a region of the Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais: checklist and taxonomic additions / Libélulas de uma região do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais: lista de espécies e adições taxonômicas

Abstract: Remaining freshwater systems are historically under threat mainly due to human activities such as agriculture and urbanization. The consequences of such activities are innumerous, and among them there is a decrease of suitable habitats for threatened fauna. In the Brazilian Cerrado, the odonatofauna of palm swamps and riparian forests are still poorly explored, a fact that difficult conservation efforts of the group. Thus, we performed an inventory in several urban and rural sites containing these phytophysiognomies in Uberlândia, Triângulo Mineiro region, western Minas Gerais state. In total, we found 101 Odonata species, seven families and 46 genera in the municipality, with 76 and 66 species, respectively, belonging to palm swamp and forest sites. From this diversity, eight species were first records in the state of Minas Gerais: Neuraeschna claviforcipata Martin, 1909, Phyllocycla cf. medusaBelle, 1988, Diastatops intensa Montgomery, 1940, Oligoclada pachystigma Karsch, 1890, O. xanthopleura Borror, 1931, Angelagrion nathaliaeLencioni, 2008, Telebasis sanguinalis Calvert, 1909 and Telebasis simulacrum (Calvert, 1909). We also sampled Erythrodiplax anaGuillermo-Ferreira & Vilela 2016, a species listed as endangered (EN) by the IUCN red list. Additionally, we include some taxonomic notes of Forcepsioneura machadorum females, a newly discovered species in the region. Our results contribute to the Odonata database in Brazil and highlights the importance inventories in poorly explored aquatic ecosystems.

Resumo: Os sistemas remanescentes de água doce estão historicamente ameaçados, principalmente devido às atividades humanas, como agricultura e urbanização. As consequências de tais atividades são inúmeras, e entre elas há a diminuição de habitats adequados para a fauna ameaçada. No cerrado brasileiro, a odonatofauna de veredas e matas ripárias ainda são pouco exploradas, fato que dificulta os esforços de conservação do grupo. Assim, realizamos um inventário em diversos pontos urbanos e rurais com essas fitofisionomias em Uberlândia, na região do Triângulo Mineiro, oeste de Minas Gerais. No total, foram encontradas 101 espécies de Odonata, sete famílias e 46 gêneros no município, com 76 e 66 espécies, respectivamente, pertencentes a pontos de veredas e de matas. Dessa diversidade, oito espécies foram os primeiros registros no estado de Minas Gerais: Neuraeschna claviforcipata Martin, 1909, Phyllocycla cf. medusa Belle, 1988, Diastatops intensa Montgomery, 1940, Oligoclada pachystigma Karsch, 1890, O. xanthopleura Borror, 1931, Angelagrion nathaliaeLencioni, 2008, Telebasis sanguinalis Calvert, 1909 e Telebasis simulacrum (Calvert, 1909). Nós também coletamos Erythrodiplax anaGuillermo-Ferreira & Vilela 2016, uma espécie listada como em perigo (EN) pela lista vermelha da IUCN. Além disso, incluímos algumas notas taxonômicas de fêmeas de Forcepsioneura machadorum, uma espécie recém-descoberta na região. Nossos resultados contribuem para o banco de dados Odonata no Brasil e destacam a importância dos inventários em ecossistemas aquáticos pouco explorados.

Perfil sociodemográfico e laboral dos profissionais de enfermagem que assistem crianças e adolescentes com câncer / Perfil socio demográfico y laboral de profesionales de enfermería que ayudan a niños y adolescentes con cáncer / Socio-demographic and labor profile of nursing professionals who assist children and adolescents with cancer

Objetivos: Descrever e analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e laboral dos profissionais de enfermagem que prestam assistência a crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico, exploratório, realizado em hospital universitário entre outubro de 2016 e março de 2017. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um questionário sociodemográfico e laboral, desenvolvido para esse estudo. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes foram mulheres, com idade entre 20 e 59 anos, casadas, com filhos, com pelo menos graduação concluída e mais de 10 anos de atuação. Frequentemente estavam alocadas em função de nível médio, com número de pacientes por plantão amplamente superior ao preconizado pela legislação, além de carga horária semanal extensa e até triplas jornadas. Muitos deles já vivenciaram doenças graves seja com eles próprios ou familiares. Considerações Finais: Tornou-se evidente que a assistência de enfermagem em oncopediatria é cercada por inúmeras singularidades e que o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem influencia em questões que envolvem desde as condições de trabalho da enfermagem, suas práticas e se somam as condições frágeis inerentes ao estado de saúde das crianças e adolescentes com câncer e seus familiares(AU)

Objectives: To describe and analyze the sociodemographic and labor profile of nursing professionals who provide care to children and adolescents with cancer. Method: Crosssectional, analytical, exploratory study, carried out in a university hospital between October 2016 and March 2017. The data collection instrument used was a sociodemographic and labor questionnaire, developed for this study. Results: Most participants were women, aged between 20 and 59 years, married, with children, with at least graduation and more than 10 years of experience. They were often allocated as a function of medium level, with the number of patients per shift much higher than that recommended by law, in addition to an extensive weekly workload and even triple shifts. Many of them have already experienced serious illnesses either with themselves or with family members. Final Considerations: It became evident that nursing care in pediatric oncopediatrics is surrounded by numerous singularities and that the profile of nursing professionals influence issues that involve from the working conditions of nursing, their practices and add to the fragile conditions inherent to the health state of children and adolescents with cancer and their families(AU)

Objetivos: describir y analizar el perfil sociodemográfico y laboral de los profesionales de enfermería que atienden a niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Método: estudio transversal, analítico, exploratorio realizado en un hospital universitario entre octubre de 2016 y marzo de 2017. El instrumento de recolección de datos utilizado fue un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, desarrollado para este estudio. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, con edades entre 20 y 59 años, casadas, con hijos, con al menos graduación y más de 10 años de experiencia. A menudo se asignaban en función del nivel medio, con un número de pacientes por turno muy superior al recomendado por la ley, además de una extensa carga de trabajo semanal e incluso turnos triples. Muchos de ellos ya han experimentado enfermedades graves consigo mismos o con miembros de su familia. Consideraciones finales: Se hizo evidente que el cuidado de enfermería en oncopediatría pediátrica está rodeado de numerosas singularidades y que el perfil de los profesionales de enfermería incide en cuestiones que involucran desde las condiciones laborales de la enfermería, sus prácticas y se suman a las frágiles condiciones inherentes al estado de salud de niños y adolescentes cáncer y sus familias(AU)

Intelligent Screening of Pieces of Chinese Medicine Based on BMFnet-WGAN / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of machine vision and deep learning methods in intelligent screening of pieces of Chinese medicine， so as to meet the needs of modern screening of pieces of Chinese medicine and overcome the problems of strong subjectivity and low efficiency in traditional screening based on manual experience. Method:An image set containing 11 125 images for 60 kinds of pieces of Chinese medicine was constructed， and the network architectures for high- and low-frequency feature learning were designed. Specifically， the parallel convolutional network was employed to obtain the low frequency feature and the deep multi-scale convolutional neural network to uncover the high-frequency feature. The semantic network was used to realize the feature learning mode with generalization ability. In this study， Wasserstein distance was introduced into the generative adversarial networks （GANs） to complete the screening of pieces of Chinese medicine， and the conditional parameters were added to the generation and discrimination networks to make the network training more reliable and improve the accuracy of identification. Result:The experiment results showed that when the ratio of training samples to test samples was greater than 6∶4， the identification accuracy of pieces of Chinese medicine was relatively stable. The identification accuracy of images captured in different states and environments by bi-view multi-feature network Wasserstein generative adversarial network （BMFnet-WGAN） reached up to 85.9% on average and the stability was high， demonstrating that BMFnet-WGAN was superior to VGG-Net and AlexNet. Conclusion:The BMFnet-WGAN method enables the revealing of rich and typical characteristics of decoction pieces and the introduced WGAN model and Wasserstein distance make the network training more reliable. The resulting accuracy， robustness， and batch effects in the intelligent screening of pieces of Chinese medicine were good， which has provided the technical support for the sorting and quantitative quality screening of pieces of Chinese medicine.

Training for professionals and other health workers as regard as hospital management of COVID-19 / Artículo original

RESUMEN Fundamento: Cuba ha desplegado una estrategia nacional para la prevención y control contra la COVID-19; entre sus elementos se destaca la capacitación a profesionales y otros trabajadores del sector de la salud. Objetivo: mostrar el diseño y puesta en práctica de un curso de superación para la capacitación de profesionales y otros trabajadores sobre el abordaje hospitalario contra la COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, entre marzo-mayo de 2020 en el Hospital Militar Universitario "Manuel Fajardo Rivero", de Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: análisis documental, grupo nominal y el criterio de especialistas para la valoración del producto diseñado. Resultados: la capacitación se efectuó mediante el curso diseñado en la modalidad presencial con una semana de duración; consta de seis temas y está concebido según necesidades específicas de aprendizaje dependiendo de la actividad laboral de los trabajadores. Se aplicaron varios principios didácticos y diferentes modalidades evaluativas para comprobar la aprehensión de los contenidos, y se potencializó la simulación como estrategia didáctica. Conclusiones: el curso diseñado cumple los requerimientos didácticos, es pertinente, factible y tiene un adecuado tratamiento científico y metodológico en sus temas según el criterio de los especialistas consultados; su ejecución posibilitó medir el nivel de apropiación de conocimientos y habilidades para la atención a pacientes Su impacto positivo se ha demostrado cuando después de más de 60 días de trabajo ininterrumpido en el hospital no se ha reportado contagio entre sus trabajadores.

ABSTRACT Background: Cuba has developed a national strategy to prevent and control COVID-19; training for professionals and other workers from the healthcare sector are among the key elements included in it. Objective: to present the design and implementation of a training course for professionals and other workers about the hospital management of COVID-19. Methods: from March to May 2020 a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the "Manuel Fajardo Rivero" University Military Hospital, Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive methods; empirical methods: documentary analysis, nominal group and expert judgement for evaluating the product design. Results: training was carried out according to a face to face learning course, for a week; it was divided into six topics and it was conceived according to specific learning needs depending on the labour peformed by workers. Several didactic principles and different types of evaluation were applied to check the content understanding, and simulation as didactic strategy, was enhanced. Conclusions: the course was designed to meet the didactic requirements, it is pertinent, feasible and it was designed taking into account an adequate scientific and methodological treatment for each topic according to expert judgement. Knowledge understanding and professional skills when working with patients were meaured after being implemented this course. The positive impact of it is evident since no contagion has been reported among workers in the hospital, for a continuous period of more than 60 days.

Percepción de los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina sobre su formación profesional / Medical students' perception of the professional training they were taught

RESUMEN Fundamento: los estudiantes constituyen una fuente de información básica para evaluar la calidad de su formación profesional, señalando sus fortalezas y debilidades, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas con vistas al mejoramiento del proceso formativo. Objetivo: describir la percepción estudiantil sobre la calidad de su formación profesional al terminar el 5to año de la carrera de Medicina del Plan de Estudio Perfeccionado de 2013, en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo entre septiembre-noviembre de 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empíricos: análisis de documentos y encuesta en forma de cuestionario a estudiantes y docentes. Para la propuesta de mejora se aplicó la técnica "tormenta de ideas". Resultados: la percepción estudiantil sobre su preparación recibió evaluación de 4, las mayores insuficiencias estuvieron en la realización del examen físico en Cirugía y Urología, algunas formas de organización de la docencia, indicación del tratamiento médico y la realización de habilidades y técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Entre las barreras más identificadas estuvieron la masividad en las matrículas, el escaso tiempo e insuficiente entrenamiento para alcanzar habilidades prácticas en algunas estancias y la insuficiente función tutorial de algunos docentes. Conclusiones: la percepción estudiantil respecto a la calidad de su formación se puede calificar de buena, aunque se señalaron algunas carencias. El estudio realizado contribuye a continuar perfeccionando el proceso docente educativo en aras de lograr un egresado de las ciencias médicas cada día más competente.

ABSTRACT Background: students are a basic source of information for evaluating the quality of the professional training they were taught, by pointing out their strengths and weaknesses, which can be used to improve the training process. Objective: to describe the student's perception of the quality of the professional training they were taught at the end of the 5th year of the Medical Career according to the 2013 Advanced Study Plan, in the Medical Faculty at the University of Medical Sciences in Villa Clara. Methods: from September to November, 2019, a descriptive study was conducted . Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; empirical methods: analysis of documents and questionnaire survey used to collect information from students and teachers. The "brainstorming" technique was used to make it a better proposal. Results: the student's perception of the quality of the professional training they were taught, achieved grade 4. The biggest deficiencies had to do with physical examination performance in Surgery and Urology, some ways through which the teaching learning process is managed, medical prescription and in aspects related with diagnostic and therapeutic skills performance as well as techniques. Among the most important obstacles were: massive number of registrations, the limited time and insufficient training for students to achieve practical skills in some stages and the inadequate tutorial function of some teachers. Conclusions: student's perception of the quality of the professional training they were taught can be considered good, although some shortcomings were noted. Research result is a contribution for a better teaching learning process so as to have an increasingly competent physician.

La descripción documental como medio de acceso a la memoria institucional: experiencia de uso del software ICA AtoM en la Fundación Universitaria para el Desarrollo Humano -UNINPAHU- Bogotá, Colombia / Documentary description as a means of access to institutional memory: experience using the ICA AtoM software at the University Foundation for Human Development -UNINPAHU- Bogotá, Colombia

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la metodología y resultados de la investigación realizada sobre la adaptación e implementación de un software de código abierto para la descripción documental acorde a las normas internacionales de descripción, en la Fundación Universitaria para el Desarrollo Humano-UNINPAHU. Motivó la investigación el cumplimiento de la normatividad archivística que obliga a las entidades a realizar la descripción de los documentos para un mejor acceso a la información, por tanto, el alcance de este estudio describe los actos administrativos institucionales, en este caso una muestra de la serie documental simple, resoluciones rectorales. La metodología de investigación utilizada fue descriptiva, aplicada y exploratoria, ya que se emplearon teorías, normas y herramientas tecnológicas para la descripción documental, con el fin de contribuir a la institución con un sistema de información que le permita a nivel administrativo describir y controlar su producción documental, y a nivel académico fortalecer las prácticas archivísticas de sus estudiantes. Finalmente se concluye que el sistema de información implementado permitió el registro de metadatos de las resoluciones y su recuperación por los distintos puntos de acceso, lo cual beneficia a la institución al tener un sistema que le permita conservar y acceder a su memoria institucional. El resultado fue la implementación y personalización del sistema de información ICA-AtoM en ambientes administrativo y académico para la Universidad UNINPHAU.

Abstract This article presents the methodology and results of the research carried out about the adaptation and implementation of a software with an open source for the documentary description according to the international standards of description in the University Foundation-UNINPAHU. The research was motivated by compliance of the archival regulations that oblige the entities to make the description of the documents for a better to the access to information; therefore, the scope of this study was to describe the institutional administrative acts, in this case a sample of the simple documentary series, rectoral resolutions. The research was applied and exploratory, since theories, norms, and technological tools were used for the documentary description, in order to contribute with an information system that allows the administrative level to describe and control its documentary production, since academic level strengthen the archival practice of their students. Finally, it is concluded that the implemented information system allowed the registration of metadata of the regulations and their recovery by the different points of access, which benefits the institution by having a system that allows it to conserve and access to institutional memory. The result was the implementation and personalization of the ICA-AtoM information system in administrative and academic environments for the university -UNINPAHU.