Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in School Children of Muzaffarpur District (Age 5 to 12 Years)

Introduction: The development of the tooth is highly complexphenomena controlled by various complex mechanisms whichare dependent on the hereditary and environmental factors.Any alteration in these mechanisms leads to developmentaldisturbances or the dental anomalies. Study aimed to knowthe prevalence of developmental anomalies in school childrenbetween age group of 5 to 12 years located in Muzaffarpurcity.Material and methods: The study was based on a clinicalexaminations review of 6182 school children (Male-3364 &Female- 2818) of Muzaffarpur city, aged between 5 years to12 years. Routine instruments like mouth mirror, probe andnatural and/or artificial light was used for the examination.Results: The prevalence of dental anomalies observed in thisstudy is 0.12%. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in thisstudy is 0.04 %, In our study we found ankyloglossia is foundin male only in this population and the prevalence value is0.01%. In our study we found Microdontia is equal prevalencevalue in both male and female sexes and was 0.03 % of thoseexamined.Conclusion: Epidemiological studies have provideduseful information regarding the prevalence, location, anddistribution of primary tooth anomalies, contributing to theformulation of public health policies adequately informed bythe specificities of each population.

Progress of encephalopathy of premturity / 国际儿科学杂志

The encephalopathy of prematurity is a complex amalgam of primary destructive disease and secondary developmental disturbances.The interrelations between destructive and developmental mechanisms at cellular and molecular level in the genesis of the encephalopathy are emphasized and reviewed.We focus on its latest definition,microglia activation induced oligodendrocyte injury,neuronal/axonal impairments,and recent insights of thalamus,subplate neurons and cerebral cortex injury.