Research progress on role of free fatty acid receptors in nervous system diseases / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Free fatty acid receptors(FFARs)are a series of orphan G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)activated by free fatty acids(FFAs)and their derivatives. As transmembrane receptors,GPCRs are involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases and provide a wide range of therapeutic targets for these diseases. FFARs combined with FFAs are mainly involved in the secretion of endocrine hormones such as insulin,adipocyte differentiation,inflammatory response,autoimmune response and other processes,which was a potential therapeutic target for energy metabolism disorders and immune diseases. However,recent studies have shown that FFAs and its receptor FFARs are widely involved in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunity directly or through the brain-intestinal axis,and are expected to be a therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer′s disease(AD),Parkinson′s disease(PD),depression and other diseases. This paper reviews the research progress of the role of FFARs in nervous system diseases.

Choices of timing and mode of blood purification in the treatment of immune diseases of nervous system / 中国实用儿科杂志

The immune diseases of nervous system are a kind of nervous system diseases mediated by immune mechanism.High mortality and disability rates are its important characteristics. Early intervention and treatment can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of patients. At present, the main treatments for this kind of diseases include corticosteroid hormone, intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG)and blood purification. Blood purification therapy has become the focus of current research because of its fast effect and other advantages.The main modes of blood purification therapy for this kind of diseases are plasma exchange and plasma immunoabsorption.Early application of blood purification therapy in patients with the acute attack and critical illness may lead to more significant clinical improvement. Therefore,blood purification may be an effective treatment for patients with the critical illness or when other medications are ineffective for the patients.

Effectiveness and safety of rituximab for children with autoimmune diseases of the nervous system / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To assess the effectiveness and safety of rituximab in Chinese children with autoimmune diseases of the nervous system.@*Method@#An ambispective cohort study enrolled patients with refractory and(or) relapse autoimmune diseases of nervous system from June 2010 to June 2016 in Peking University First Hospital.These patients failed to respond to steroids and(or)intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were treated with rituximab and seen for follow-up visits once every 3 months.The effectiveness was assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRs) and the annualized relapse rate.B cell was repeatedly counted after the treatment.Side effects attributed to rituximab were recorded.Paired rank test and chi-square test were used to compare the mRs score and the recurrence rate (time/year) before and after the treatment.@*Result@#A total of 38 patients (15 males and 23 females) with mean age of (6±4) years were treated with rituximab.Among those patients, 4 cases were in multiple sclerosis, 5 in neuromyelitis optica, 6 in opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, 9 in myasthenia gravis, and 14 in autoimmune encephalitis and other nervous system autoimmune diseases.The course of the disease before rituximab treatment was from two months to 7.25 years, with the average of (21±19) months.The patients had been followed up for 2-52 months. The mRs score and recurrence rate of 38 patients before receiving rituximab was 3 points (3, 4) and 2.56 (1.80, 4.75) times per year, respectively, while patients after receiving rituximab were mRs score of 0 (0, 2) and had a recurrence rate of 0 (0, 0.17) per year.There was statistical difference before and after treatment (Z=-4.51 and -4.71, P<0.01). Rituximab had a definite benefit in 23 patients, probable benefit in 2 patients, possible benefit in 3 patients, no benefit in one patient, and the disease worsened in 2 patients.Therefore the total effective rate was 74%, except for 6 undetermined cases because of the short follow-up time, and one patient withdrew from the study due to allergic reaction.During the follow-up, only one patient with severe allergy gave up the rituximab treatment. And only one patient was found severe infection with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.@*Conclusion@#Rituximab is an effective and safe treatment strategy for patients with refractory and relapse autoimmune diseases of CNS, especially in neuromyelitis optica and myasthenia gravis.The adverse events including infection and allergy during infusion are not common.

Shengyang-Yiwei decoction for the diseases of digestive system：literature review / 国际中医中药杂志

The article has reviewed theShengyang-Yiweidecoction for the disease of digestive system, such as diarrhea-predominant pattern irritable bowel syndrome(D-IBS), chronic gastritis, diabetic gastric paralysis (DGP), ulcerative colitis (UC) and chronic diarrhea. Recently,Shengyang-Yiwei decoction was also used in some other diseases, such as diseases of urinary system, diseases of nervous system, orthopedic diseases, gynecological diseases and so on. This review aimed to provide reference and evidence for the clinic application ofShengyang-Yiwei decoction.

Doenças neurológicas de ovinos na região central do Rio Grande do Sul / Neurological diseases in sheep from central Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil

Neste trabalho são descritos aspectos epidemiológicos e clinico-patológicos das principais doenças neurológicas de ovinos diagnosticadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) no período entre 1990 e 2007. A partir de uma busca nos arquivos do LPV-UFSM foram encontrados 586 exames de ovinos correspondentes a necropsias realizadas no laboratório ou a exames de amostras remetidas por veterinários de campo. Sessenta e nove casos experimentais foram excluídos do estudo. Os 517 casos restantes eram compostos de 361 casos (69,8 por cento) com diagnóstico conclusivo e 156 casos (30,2 por cento) com diagnóstico inconclusivo. Ovinos morreram em decorrência de doença neurológica em 58 casos (16 por cento) do grupo com diagnóstico conclusivo. As doenças diagnosticadas mais frequentemente foram cenurose (15 casos ou 25,8 por cento), listeriose (nove casos ou 15,5 por cento), tétano (oito casos ou 13,7 por cento), abscessos vertebrais (quatro casos ou 6,8 por cento) e abscessos encefálicos (três casos ou 5,1 por cento). Intoxicação por Erytroxylum argentinum, mielite supurativa pós-caudectomia, meningoencefalite fibrino-supurativa, polioencefalomalacia e raiva (dois casos ou 3,4 por cento cada) foram ocasionalmente diagnosticadas. Desmielinização medular, edema da substância branca encefálica, encefalomalacia focal simétrica, hidranencefalia, hipoplasia cerebelar, intoxicação por organofosforado, intoxicação por Solanum pseudocapsicum, mielite fibrino-supurativa e provável intoxicação por closantel (um caso ou 1,7 por cento cada) foram raramente observadas.

A retrospective study of neurological diseases of sheep in southern Brazil was conducted over an 18-year period (1990-2007). A data base search was carried out in the files of the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (LPV) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), central Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. A total of 586 sheep were examined. These cases corresponded to necropsies performed in the LPV-UFSM or to mailed in samples from practitioners. Out of these, 69 experimental cases were excluded from this study. The remaining 517 cases were composed of 361 (69.8 percent) cases with conclusive diagnoses and 156 (30.2 percent) cases with inconclusive diagnoses. In 58 (16 percent) occasions, sheep died in consequence of neurological disease. Most important diseases included coenurosis (15 cases or 25.8 percent), listeriosis (9 cases or 15.5 percent), tetanus (8 cases or 13.7 percent), vertebral abscesses (4 cases or 6.8 percent), and cerebral abscesses (3 cases or 5.1 percent). Poisoning by Erytroxylum argentinum, post-caudectomy suppurative myelitis, fibrinosuppurative meningoencephalitis, polioencephalomalacia, rabies (2 cases or 3.4 percent each) were occasionally diagnosed. Spinal cord demyelinization, encephalic white matter edema, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia, hydranencephalia, cerebellar hypoplasia, poisoning by organophosphate, poisoning by Solanum pseudocapsicum, fibrinosuppurative myelitis, and presumptive closantel toxicity (1 case or 1.7 percent each) were rarely seen.

Functions of MicroRNA in Nervous System Regulation / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Many investigations have demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) is not only involved in the modulation of nerve cell growth and physiological activity, but also responsible for dysfunctions in synaptogenesis or synaptic plasticity, neurodegenerative diseases, tumorgenesis in the nervous system, as well as in cerebrovascular disorders. With the intensive researches in miRNA, it is possible gradually to explain the related pathogenic mechanisms of some major diseases in the nervous system.