Exploring the potential of omics technologies in medicinal plant research: a review in Colombia / Explorando el potencial de las tecnologías ómicas en la investigación de plantas medicinales: una revisión en Colombia

This review presents advances in the implementation of high - throughput se quencing and its application to the knowledge of medicinal plants. We conducted a bibliographic search of papers published in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and analyzed the obtained data using VOSviewer (versi on 1.6.19). Given that medicinal plants are a source of specialized metabolites with immense therapeutic values and important pharmacological properties, plant researchers around the world have turned their attention toward them and have begun to examine t hem widely. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have reduced cost and time demands and accelerated medicinal plant research. Such research leverages full genome sequencing, as well as RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing and the analysis of the transcr iptome, to identify molecular markers of species and functional genes that control key biological traits, as well as to understand the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive metabolites and regulatory mechanisms of environmental responses. As such, the omics ( e.g., transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics, among others) have been widely applied within the study of medicinal plants, although their usage in Colombia is still few and, in some areas, scarce. (185)

El extracto de cloroformo (CE) y las fracciones obtenidas de las raíces de Aldama arenaria se evaluaron para determinar su actividad antiproliferativa in vitro contra 10 líneas ce lulares tumorales humanas [leucemia (K - 562), mama (MCF - 7), ovario que expresa un fenotipo resistente a múltiples fármacos (NCI/ADR - RES), melanoma (UACC - 62), pulmón (NCI - H460), próstata (PC - 3), colon (HT29), ovario (OVCAR - 3), glioma (U251) y riñón (786 - 0)]. CE presentó actividad antiproliferativa débil a moderada (log GI 50 medio 1.07), mientras que las fracciones 3 y 4, enriquecidas con diterpenos de tipo pimarane [ent - pimara - 8 (14), ácido 15 - dien - 19 - oico y ent - 8(14),15 - pimaradien - 3 ß - ol], presentaron activid ad moderada a potente para la mayoría de las líneas celulares, con un log GI 50 medio de 0.62 y 0.59, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron una acción antiproliferativa in vitro prometedora de las muestras obtenidas de A. arenaria , con los mejores resul tados para NCI/ADR - RES, HT29 y OVCAR - 3, y valores de TGI que van desde 5.95 a 28.71 µg.mL - 1, demostrando que los compuestos de esta clase pueden ser prototipos potenciales para el descubrimiento de nuevos agentes terapéuticos

Manifestations oto-rhino-laryngologiques de la COVID-19 chez l' enfant à Brazzaville / Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19 in Children in Brazzaville

Introduction.Les infections respiratoires hautes représentent environ 80% des affections ORL de l'enfant. L'objectif de ce travail était de contribuer à la connaissance des manifestations ORL de la covid-19 chez l'enfant afin d'en améliorer la prise en charge. Patients et méthodes. Il s'est agi d'uneétudedescriptive de 12 mois incluant les dossiers des enfants âgés de moins de 18 ans symptomatiques et testés positifs à la COVID-19 par RT-PCR. Il s'agissait des enfants reçus en consultation dans les services d'otorhinolaryngologie de l'hôpital de Référencede Talangaï et du CHU de Brazzaville. Tous les prélèvements étaient acheminés au laboratoire national de santé publique où le diagnostic était fait par RT-PCR. Résultats.Sur un total de 1080 enfants consultés pour une symptomatologie respiratoire ORL, seuls 21 étaient testés positifs à la COVID-19 représentant une prévalence de 1,9%. L'âge moyen était de 12,6 ans ± 5,7 (extrêmes: 3 ­17 ans) avec un ratio de 0,9 légèrement en faveur des filles. La tranche d'âge de 13 à 18 ans était la plus représentative (n=13, soit 61,8%) suivie de 9 à 13 ans (n=4, soit 19,1%) correspondant aux enfants ayant un antécédent personnel d'atopie (80,9%). La symptomatologie était dominée par l'angine érythémateuse (n=17, soit 80,9%) suivie de la rhinopharyngite (n=3, soit 14,4%) et du syndrome de Marschall (n=1, soit 4,7%). Tous les enfants étaient orientés auprès des services habiletés à la prise en charge mais seuls 13 d'entre eux (61,9%) étaient contre-référés et déclarés guéris après un contrôle RT-PCR négatif. Conclusion.Si l'angine érythémateuse domine la symptomatologie COVID-19 chez l'enfant, il en ressort que le syndrome de Marschall reste une exception clinique.

Introduction. Upper respiratory infections represent about 80% of ENT diseases in children. The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the ENT manifestations of covid-19 in children in order to improve their management.Patients and methods. This was a 12-month descriptive study including the files of symptomatic children aged 0 to 18 who tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. These were children seen in consultation in Introduction. Upper respiratory infections represent about 80% of ENT diseases in children. The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the ENT manifestations of covid-19 in children in order to improve their management. Patients and methods. This was a 12-month descriptive study including the files of symptomatic children aged 0 to 18 who tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. These were children seen in consultation in the otorhinolaryngology departments of the Talangaï Reference Hospital and the Brazzaville University Hospital. All the samples were sent to the national public health laboratory where the diagnosis was made by RT-PCR. Results. Out of a total of 1080 children consulted for ENT respiratory symptoms, only 21 tested positive for COVID-19, representing a prevalence of 1.9%. The average age was 12.6 years ± 5.7 (extremes: 3 ­17 years) with a ratio of 0.9 slightly in favor of girls. The age group of 13 to 18 years was the most representative (n=13, or 61.9%) followed by 9 to 13 (n=4, or 19%) corresponding to children with a personal history of atopy (80.9%). Symptoms were dominated by erythematous angina (n=17, or 80.9%) followed by nasopharyngitis (n=3, or 14.4%) and Marschall's syndrome (n=1, or 4.7%). All the children were referred to the care services but only 13 of them (61.9%) were cross-referred and declared cured after a negative RT-PCR control. Conclusion. If angina dominates the COVID-19 symptomatology, it emerges as Marschall's syndrome remains a clinical exception the otorhinolaryngology departments of the Talangaï Reference Hospital and the Brazzaville University Hospital. All the samples were sent to the national public health laboratory where the diagnosis was made by RT-PCR. Results. Out of a total of 1080 children consulted for ENT respiratory symptoms, only 21 tested positives for COVID-19, representing a prevalence of 1.9%. The average age was 12.6 years ± 5.7 (extremes: 3 ­17 years) with a ratio of 0.9 slightly in favor of girls. The age group of 13 to 18 years was the most representative (n=13, or 61.9%) followed by 9 to 13 (n=4, or 19%) corresponding to children with a personal history of atopy (80.9%). Symptoms were dominated by erythematous angina (n=17, or 80.9%) followed by nasopharyngitis (n=3, or 14.4%) and Marschall's syndrome (n=1, or 4.7%). All the children were referred to the care services but only 13 of them (61.9%) were cross-referred and declared cured after a negative RT-PCR control. Conclusion. If angina dominates the COVID-19 symptomatology, it emerges as Marschall's syndrome remains a clinical exception.

A Cross Sectional Study of Prevalence of COVID-19 and ENT Manifestations among Health Care Workers in Our Centre

Background : Health Care Workers are among the frontline COVID warriors who have been fighting all odds in serving their patients at the cost of their lives. Bangalore has been one among the hot cities in news during this pandemic and our centre, being one of the busiest working hospitals right in the middle of the city, we hereby throw limelight to the Health Care Workers of our centre who have been fighting over COVID-19 with all might and courage. This study was done to know the prevalence of COVID-19 and its ENT manifestations among Health Care Workers in our centre. Materials and Methods : A cross sectional study was done in KIMS Hospital, Bangalore, targetting all Health Care Workers of our centre, divided into 3 groups. Prevalence of ENT manifestations was studied. Results : In our study, majority who tested positive for COVID-19 were Doctors (67.6%) followed by staff nurse (27.9%) and auxiliary HCW (4.5%). One fourth of the study subjects had anosmia as the most common ENT manifestation followed by nasal obstruction (24.3%), cough and loss of taste (19.8% each). Conclusion : With inadequate precautions being taken with the mutating virus in air, causing a surge in cases, the health care workers are the most vulnerable group to acquire the deadly infection, during both the waves of the pandemic. We hereby, stress on this, with the help of our study, done during the first wave, targeting our Health Care Workers.

Comportamentos alimentares de portadores de DCNT que frequentam uma clínica integrada no extremo sul catarinense / Dietary behaviors of patients with NCDs who are attending an integrated clinic in southern Santa Catarina / Comportamientos alimentarios de pacientes con ENT que asisten a una clínica integrada en el extremo sur de Santa Catarina

Objetivo: verificar os comportamentos alimentares de indivíduos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo com coleta de dados primários. Resultados: Sobre os comportamentos alimentares 48,6% (36) relataram realizar refeições em frente às telas, a maioria executa café da manhã, almoço e jantar e grande parte do grupo expôs consumir alimentos protetores e ultraprocessados. Conclusão: Os comportamentos alimentares encontrados entres os indivíduos com DCNT foram em geral desfavoráveis, mesmo com uma divisão adequada e inclusão de alguns bons alimentos, houve prevalência no consumo de biscoitos recheados, doces e bebidas adoçadas, além do péssimo hábito de se alimentar em frente a televisão.

Objective: to assess the dietary behaviors of individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. Method: The study followed a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative approach with primary data collection. Results: The results revealed that 48.6% (36) reported having meals in front of screens, and the majority of the participants had breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A significant portion of the group reported consuming both protective foods and ultra-processed foods. Conclusion: In conclusion, the dietary behaviors observed among individuals with NCDs were generally unfavorable. Despite proper meal distribution and the inclusion of some healthy foods, there was a prevalence of consumption of filled cookies, sweets, and sugary beverages, along with the detrimental habit of eating in front of the television.

Objetivo: verificar los comportamientos alimentarios de individuos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que asisten a una clínica integrada en el extremo sur de Santa Catarina. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo con recolección de datos primarios. Resultados: En cuanto a los comportamientos alimentarios, el 48,6% (36) informó realizar comidas frente a las pantallas, y la mayoría de los participantes desayunaban, almorzaban y cenaban. Además, una parte significativa del grupo declaró consumir alimentos protectores y ultraprocesados. Conclusión: Los comportamientos alimentarios encontrados entre los individuos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles fueron generalmente desfavorables. A pesar de una adecuada distribución de las comidas e inclusión de algunos alimentos saludables, hubo una prevalencia en el consumo de galletas rellenas, dulces y bebidas azucaradas, además del mal hábito de comer frente al televisor.

Simulation-based training in ear, nose and throat skills and emergencies

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare lecture-based teaching and simulation-based hybrid training for ENT induction and objectively assess the performance of trainees in a simulated environment. Methods: This is a prospective interventional study that included 60 interns in their rotatory internship with no prior exposure to ENT emergencies. The interns came in batches of 5-6 for their 15-days ENT postings. On the first day, a pre-test questionnaire, lecture-based teaching on three scenarios and then allocation into one of the three simulation groups- Group A (Tracheostomy group), Group B (Nasogastric tube group), and Group C (Epistaxis group) was done. Hands-on simulation training was given only to the assigned group. At the end of 15-days, post-test questionnaire and an objective assessment of the three scenarios in a simulated environment was conducted. The same training was repeated for each batch of participants who attended the posting. Results: The participants had significant improvement in the post-test scores in all three scenarios (p < 0.05), and these improvements were marked in those who had received simulated training. On comparing simulation scores, the participants who received hands-on training on a particular scenario outperformed other (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Simulation-based training improves cognition and overall confidence in managing ENT skills and emergencies. In simulation training, objective and standardized assessment is the key to achieve specific learning objectives to improve the psychomotor and cognitive skill. Level of evidence: II.

Antimalarial and neuroprotective ent-abietane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Phlogacanthus curviflorus / 中国天然药物

Six new ent-abietane diterpenoids, abientaphlogatones A-F (1-6), along with two undescribed ent-abietane diterpenoid glucosides, abientaphlogasides A-B (7-8) and four known analogs were isolated from the aerial parts ofPhlogacanthus curviflorus (P. curviflorus). The structures of these compounds were determined using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, compounds 5 and 6 represented the first reported instances of ent-norabietane diterpenoids from the genus Phlogacanthus. In the β-hematin formation inhibition assay, compounds 2, 4, 7-10, and 12 displayed antimalarial activity, with IC50 values of 12.97-65.01 μmol·L-1. Furthermore, compounds 4, 5, 8, and 10 demonstrated neuroprotective activity in PC12 cell injury models induced by H2O2 and MPP+.

The Value of Spiral Chest Computed Tomography Scan in the Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Carriers among Paranasal Sinus and Pharynx Surgery Candidates

Abstract Introduction The nasopharynx and oropharynx are the main colonization sites of coronavirus. Therefore, patients with paranasal sinuses and pharyngeal problems (ear, nose, and throat [ENT] patients) predispose coronavirus infection. Ear, nose, and throat patients with concomitant asymptomatic coronavirus infection may develop severe pneumonia following surgical procedures. As a result, presurgical screening for coronavirus infection is a substantial concern. Objective We evaluated the usefulness of a spiral chest computed tomography (CT) scan in the diagnosis of asymptomatic coronavirus infection in the presurgical assessment of ENT patients Methods In this study, candidates of paranasal sinus or pharyngeal surgery were evaluated for coronavirus infection. Patients with neither history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nor compatible symptoms and signs were screened for asymptomatic coronavirus infection. These patients composed two groups: the first group underwent a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of nasopharyngeal sample and spiral chest CTscan, but for the second one, only the latter was performed. Results In the first group, which consisted of 106 patients, 11 (10.4%) cases had positive RT-PCR test results, and 17 (16%) patients showed positive findings in favor of coronavirus infection in the spiral chest CT scan. In the second group, which consisted of 173 patients, 34 (19.7%) cases had positive chest CT scan results. Conclusion The chest CT scan has a valuable role in the early diagnosis of asymptomatic coronavirus carriers in patients highly predisposed to infection, especially in low resource areas, where the RT-PCR test is unavailable.

Efecto citotóxico de diterpenos derivados del ácido ent-kaureno aislados de Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) Cuatrec / Cytotoxic effect of ent-kaurene acid-derived diterpenes isolated from Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. Ex Wedd.) Cuatrec

The objective of the work was to study the cytotoxic effect of ent-kaurene acid derivatives obtained from Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. Ex Wedd.) Cuatrec., After analysis by GC/MS, IR and NMR. Isolating: kaurenic acid (I), grandifloric acid (II), 15-α-hydroxy kaurenic acid (III), 15 α-acetoxy-kaur 16-en-19-oic acid (IV), Kaurenol (V); and by hemisynthesis: 15,16-epoxy-17-acetoxy-kauran 19-oic acid (VI), 15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (VIII), ester 2,3,4,6 -15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid acetyl α-D-pyranosyl tetra-tetra (VII). Cytotoxicity was tested in human cancer cell lines: uterus (HeLa), lung (A-549), breast (MCF-7), African green monkey kidney non-tumor line (Vero) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CMPS). Compound (I) was active against HeLa, A-549 and Vero. Compounds (II and VIII) showed moderate and good (IC50 ≤ 9 µM) cytotoxicity, respectively, against the five cell lines. Compound (V) showed moderate activity against A-549 and compound (VII), slight cytotoxicity against HeLa and A-549. Results that show the cytotoxic specificity of the isolated kaurenes and derivatives of Coespeletia moritzianaand their therapeutic potential.

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto citotóxico de derivados del ácido ent-kaureno obtenidos de Coespeletia moritziana (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) Cuatrec., previo análisis mediante GC/MS, IR y RMN. Aislandose: ácido kaurénico(I), ácido grandiflorénico (II), ácido 15-α-hidroxi kaurénico(III), ácido 15 α-acetoxi-kaur 16-en-19-oico (IV), Kaurenol (V); y por hemisíntesis: ácido 15,16-epoxi-17-acetoxi-kauran 19-oico (VI), ácido15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oico (VIII), éster 2,3,4,6-tetra acetil α-D-piranosilo del ácido 15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oico (VII). La citotóxicidad fue ensayada en líneas celulares cancerosas humanas: útero (HeLa), pulmón(A-549), mama (MCF-7), línea no tumoral de riñón de mono verde africano (Vero) y células mononucleares humanas de sangre periférica (CMPS). El compuesto (I) resultó activo frente a HeLa, A-549 y Vero. Los compuestos (II y VIII), mostraron moderada y buena (IC50≤9µM) citotoxicidad respectivamente, frente a las cinco líneas celulares. El compuesto (V) presentó moderada actividad frente a A-549 y el (VII), leve citotoxicidad frente a HeLa y A-549. Resultados que evidencian la especificidad citotóxica de los kaurenos aislados y derivados de Coespeletia moritzianay su potencial terapéutico.

Plantas medicinales utilizadas en la región de Teziutlán, Puebla, México / Medicinal plants used in the region of Teziutlán, Puebla, México

The objective of this work was to collect information on the curative use of plants in the municipality of Teziutlán, Puebla through semi-structured interviews. Thus, 78 plants used for medicinal purposes were identified, of which 40 are native to Mexico and 38 introduced; The value of use (UV) of each one and the Informant's Consensus Factor (FCI) of 10 categories of diseases were calculated. The five most frequently used plants are Ruta chalepensis L., Rosmarinus officinalis, Arnica montana, Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brandegee and Sambucus cerulea var., Neomexicana, which underwent a chemical and pharmacological review. On the other hand, the most frequent preparations are infusion and decoction, using mainly leaves (49.34%) and flowers (19.51%). It is concluded that the inhabitants of Teziutlán have a fairly homogeneous ethnomedical knowledge, setting the standard for research on its pharmacological properties.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue recopilar información sobre el uso curativo de las plantas del municipio de Teziutlán, Puebla por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Así, se identificaron 78 plantas utilizadas con fines medicinales, de las cuales 40 son propias de México y 38 introducidas; se calculó el valor de uso (UV) de cada una y el Factor de Consenso del Informante (FCI) de 10 categorías de padecimientos. Las cinco plantas utilizadas con mayor frecuencia son Ruta chalepensis L., Rosmarinus officinalis, Arnica montana, Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brandegee y Sambucus cerulea var., neomexicana, a las que se les hizo una revisión química y farmacológica. Por otro lado, las preparaciones más frecuentes son infusión y decocción, utilizando principalmente hojas (49.34 %) y flores (19.51 %). Se concluye que los habitantes de Teziutlán cuentan con un conocimiento etnomédico bastante homogéneo, dando la pauta para investigaciones sobre sus propiedades farmacológicas.

SPECIAL ARTICLE COVID-19: ENT Manifestations in Patients Suffering from COVID- 19: Study from a COVID Hospital in North India

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 has been one of the worst pandemics faced by the human civilization, and otorhinolaryngological manifestations are commonly seen in this disease. Objective The present study was done to profile the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. An attempt has also been made to assess whether there was any difference between the symptoms of different strains of COVID-19. A brief review of the current knowledge of the transmission of the disease and its treatment has also been done. Methods A cross-sectional, record-based study was conducted in a COVID hospital of India between May and July 2020. Descriptive statistics were used and appropriate parametric/nonparametric tests were applied to assess the association between various variables. Results Out of 250 patients, 80 cases were asymptomatic and 170 were symptomatic. Most of the symptomatic patients had sore throat and nasal congestion. Conclusion Knowledge of the ENT manifestations of COVID-19 is essential for its early identification and to devise appropriate prevention protocols for the benefit of health care workers (HCWs) and of the general population.

Errores innatos de la inmunidad: ¿Qué debe saber y cuándo debe sospechar el otorrinolaringólogo? / Inborn errors of immunity: What should the otolaryngologist know, and when to suspect them?

Introducción: Los errores innatos de la inmunidad, previamente conocidos como inmunodeficiencias primarias, son un grupo heterogéneo de patologías cuya presentación clínica incluye infecciones recurrentes, persistentes o refractarias al tratamiento en el campo de la otorrinolaringología. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura a partir de la búsqueda de documentos en PUBMED y EMBASE. Discusión y conclusiones: Los pacientes con sospecha de error innato de la inmunidad requieren un diagnóstico temprano con el fin de disminuir las complicaciones a largo plazo, por lo que la valoración y el abordaje inicial desempeñan un papel fundamental en el reconocimiento de estas enfermedades.

Introduction: Inborn errors of immunity, previously known as primary immunodeficiencies, are a heterogeneous group of pathologies whose clinical presentation includes recurrent, persistent and/or refractory infections to treatment in otorhinolaryngology. Materials and methods: Narrative review of the literature was carried out from the search for articles in PUBMED and EMBASE. Discussion and conclusions: Patients with suspected inborn error of immunity require an early diagnosis to reduce long-term complications; the initial assessment and approach play a fundamental role in the recognition of these diseases

Risk Factor Associated with Acute Otitis External at ENT Department, Mahosot Hospital, Lao PDR / Lao Medical Journal

Background and rationale@#Acute otitis externa is a disease that significantly affects the life and health of people, mostly caused by bacteria, fungi, virus and irritation from chemicals. Besides that, it can also be caused by trauma such as ear picking, spinning ears, swimmer’s ear and wiping the ear too hard, and if not treated in time serious complications are possible. @*Objective@#To study the risk factors associated with acute otitis externa at the ENT Department, Mahosot Hospital.@*Methodology@#This study was cross-sectional, descriptive study among patients with ear-ache and acute otitis externa. Data were collected by using questionnaire interviewed face to face and by ear examination. The data were entered into Epi-data and analyzed by using SPSS software.@*Results@#Of 186 participants, 62.9% had otitis externa, with a mean (95%CI) age of 32 (01-76) years. The commonest age group was those aged less than 15 years old with 29%. Males were 1.88 times more likely to present with otitis externa than females. Occupational groups at risk of disease are farmers/laborers/ housewife/others and those living in rural areas was 2.7 times having acute otitis externa. Those who had swum or had travelled in the forest and ear picking had a higher frequency of acute otitis externa (1.6 times) and patients who regularly cleaned their ears with a cotton swab were 1.39 times of having otitis externa and some patients who used hair clip for ear picking had a higher frequency of acute otitis externa (2.44 times).@*Conclusion@#Most of patients have common clinical manifestations of which are tinnitus, earache, swelling or redness of the ears, hearing loss and itching. Demographic characteristics, history, and ear health care behaviors are associated with acute otitis external.

A new ent-kauranoid from rhizomes of Canna generalis / 药学学报

Two ent-kauranoids were isolated from the ethanol extraction of rhizomes of Canna generalis (Cannaceae), and were purified by various technologies, including silica gel and high performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were determined by modern spectroscopy techniques as (5R,8S,9S,10R,13R)-2-oxo-ent-kaur-15-en-17-oic acid (1) and (4R,5S,8S,9S,10S,13R)-19-hydroxy-ent-kaur-15-en-17-oic acid (2). Compound 1 is a new ent-kauranoid, and compound 2 is obtained from rhizomes of Canna generalis for the first time.

Analysis on research status and hot spots of gabapentinoid drugs in the treatment of pain / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the si tuation and hot spots of gabapentinoid drugs in the treatment of pain. METHODS Related researches about gabapentinoid drugs in the treatment of pain were retrieved from Web of Science core collection database during Jan. 1st，2011-Dec. 31st，2020. VOSviewer 1.6.17，CiteSpace 5.8.R1 and Excel 2018 software were used to statistically analyze the key characteristics of relevant literature ，such as the annual publications ，countries/regions，institutions，authors， journals and research hot spots. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 3 519 literatures were retrieved ，and the annual publication outputs showed an upward trend generally. Totally 86 countries/regions had conducted relevant studies ，of which the United States ranked first （up to 1 219），and had close cooperation with the United Kingdom ，Canada，China，Germany，Japan， etc；a total of 3 996 institutions had published relevant literatures ，and the Pfizer Inc. issued the most publications ；the most studies were devoted by Professor Parsons from the University of California San Diego ，and the highest co-citations author was Professor Gilron from the Queen ’s University. Among 1 185 journals，Pain ranked first not only in the high-productive journal ，but also in the co-cited journal. The main hot topics include abuse and misuse of gabapentinoid ，off-label use of gabapentinoid ，clinical application of gabapentinoid as a component of multimodal analgesia ，and the update of guidelines for pain based on systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.

Diterpenoids from Rabdosia flexicaulis / 中国中药杂志

The genus Rabdosia is famous for the abundance of diverse and novel ent-kaurane diterpenoids. However, only a few ent-kauranoids have been discovered from R. flexicaulis since the investigation on its chemical constituents is not systematic. To find novel bioactive diterpenoids, the ethyl acetate extract of the above ground part of R. flexicaulis in Daofu County, Sichuan Province was obtained by column chromatography. One new compound and five known ones were identified as flexicaulin E(1), forrestin B(2), inf-lexarabdonin D(3), 7α-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(4), 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(5), and pomiferin F(6) by spectral techniques. Compounds 1-3 were the ent-kaurane diterpenoids isolated from this species for the first time. Compounds 4-6, aromatic abie-tanoids, were isolated from the genus Rabdosia for the first time.

Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en las consultas de urgencias otorrinolaringológicas en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency ENT consultations at Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, Concepcion

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia COVID-19 ha afectado significativamente el uso de los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo y se han reducido las consultas de urgencia por patologías no relacionadas con el virus SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en las consultas de urgencia otorrinolaringológicas atendidas en el servicio de urgencia de un centro de alta complejidad. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en que se analizaron las consultas de urgencia otorrinolaringológicas atendidas entre el 3 de marzo y 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se comparó con los datos obtenidos el año 2019 para determinar los cambios epidemiológicos de la pandemia en curso. Resultados: Se evidenció una notoria disminución en las atenciones de urgencia otorrinolaringológicas desde el inicio de la pandemia COVID-19 (-23,3%). El mayor descenso se observó en el periodo de cuarentena o restricción total de movilidad (-59%). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los antecedentes sociodemográficos, tipo de patología otorrinolaringológica, número de cirugías de urgencias y admisiones hospitalarias en comparación con el periodo anterior. Conclusión: La pandemia COVID-19 ha generado una disminución de las consultas de urgencia otorrinolaringológicas agudizándose en el periodo de restricción total de movilidad impuesta por el gobierno. Si bien no se evidenciaron cambios en el patrón de atenciones predominante con respecto al periodo prepandemia, se estima un aumento de las patologías descompensadas o complicadas a mediano-largo plazo. Se requieren estudios prospectivos para determinar el verdadero impacto de la pandemia en curso.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the use of health systems around the world, and emergency consultations for diseases not related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, have been reduced. Aim: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency otolaryngology consultations attended in the emergency department of a highly complex center. Material and Method: A retrospective study was carried out in which the emergency otolaryngology consultations attended between March 3 and December 31, 2020. These data were analyzed and compared with the data obtained in 2019, to determine the epidemiological changes of the ongoing pandemic. Results: There was a noticeable decrease in ENT emergency care since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (-23.3%). The greatest decrease is recorded in the period of quarantine or total mobility restriction (-59%). There were no significant differences between sociodemographic history, type of ENT pathology, number of emergency surgeries and hospital admissions compared to the previous period. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a decrease in ENT emergency consultations, exacerbating the period of total mobility restriction imposed by the government. Although no changes were evidenced in the predominant care pattern with respect to the pre-pandemic period, an increase in decompensated or complicated pathologies is estimated in the medium-long term. Prospective studies are required to determine the true impact of the ongoing pandemic.

Apport de la tomodensitométrie dans la pathologie ORL non traumatique au centre hospitalier universitaire de Brazzaville / NA

Objectif: décrire l'apport de la tomodensitométrie dans la pathologie ORL non traumatique. Méthodologie : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale et descriptive allant de mai 2003 à janvier 2017 soit 13 ans et 8 mois, au CHU de Brazzaville. Nous avons inclus dans notre étude tous les patients ayant présentés une pathologie ORL, pour laquelle le bilan diagnostique nécessitait la réalisation d'une tomodensitométrie. Résultats : la fréquence de prescription de la TDM en ORL représentait 3,5%. L'âge moyen 38,2 ± 18,2 ans. Le sexe masculin représentait 59%. La TDM était utile dans le diagnostic devant 51,90% des signes fonctionnels, 48,10% du syndrome tumoral. L'atteinte rhinosinusienne représentait 59,5% suivie du pharynx 17,8%. La pathologie infectieuse représentait 63% (sinusite 51%) et la pathologie tumorale 37% (tumeur du cavum 18%). Conclusion: La prescription de la tomodensitométrie dans les pathologies ORL reste faible. Les indications et les lésions observées sont multiples. La TDM reste un moyen d'exploration complémentaire utile dans la pathologie tumorale qu'infectieuse.

Objective: To describe the contribution of CT scans in non-traumatic ENT pathology. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study from May 2003 to January 2017 (13 years and 8 months), at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. We included in our study all patients who presented an ENT pathology for which the diagnostic work-up required a CT scan. Results: The frequency of prescription of CT in ENT represented 3.5%. The average age of the patients was 38.2 ± 18.2 years. Males accounted for 59%. CT was useful in the diagnosis of 51.90% of the functional signs and 48.10% of the tumour syndrom. Rhinosinus involvement accounted for 59.5%, followed by the pharynx for 17.8%. Infectious pathology represented 63% (sinusitis 51%) and tumour pathology 37% (cavum tumour 18%). Conclusion: The prescription of CT scans in ENT pathologies remains low. The indications and lesions observed are multiple. CT remains a useful complementary means of exploration in tumour and infectious pathology.

JYD01, a newly synthesized diterpenoid derivative, induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells through detaching hexokinase II from mitochondria / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of JYD01, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid analog, on detaching hexokinase II (HK II) from mitochondria, and discuss the underlying mechanism of anti-gastric cancer cell proliferation. Methods MTT assay was performed to measure the effect of JYD01 on the growth capacity of human gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and BGC-823. The glycolysis of MGC-803 cells in response to JYD01 was analyzed using a Seahorse XFp extracellular flux analyzer by real-time measurements of the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, indicative of glycolysis). The effect of JYD01 in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis was observed by a fluorescence microscopy. The apoptotic rate and the quantitative analysis of MMP falling of cell lines treated with JYD01 were analyzed by flow cytometry. The proteins were determined by Western blot. Results JYD01 observably inhibited the growth of MGC-803 and BGC-823 cells in a dose-dependent manner. JYD01 induced a dose-dependent detachment of HK II from mitochondria of MGC-803 cells, effectively reduced glycolysis, and caused the drop of MMP leading to the release of cytochrome c. 1, 2 and 4 μmol · L

An update on COVID-19 for the otorhinolaryngologist - a Brazilian Association of Otolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery (ABORL-CCF) Position Statement / Atualização sobre o COVID-19 para o otorrinolaringologista - um documento sobre a posição da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial (ABORL-CCF)

Abstract Introduction: We are facing a pandemic with a great impact worldwide, as a result of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The medical community is still getting to know behavior of this virus and the consequences from a population point of view. All this knowledge is extremely dynamic, so some behaviors are still not well established. Otorhinolaryngologists have a central role in the management of this situation, in which they must assess the patient, avoid contamination to and by health professionals and other patients. Thus, the recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervical-Facial Surgery (ABORL-CCF) have the main objective of reducing the spread of the new coronavirus during otorhinolaryngological care and assisting in the management of these patients. Methods: Review of the main recommendations of national and international scientific societies, decisions by government agencies and class councils. The topics will be related to the general aspects of COVID-19, personal protective equipment, care in patient assistance, endoscopic exam routines and the management of sinonasal, otological and pediatric evaluations related to COVID-19. Results: The use of personal protective equipment is considered crucial in routine ENT care. We recommend postponing appointments, exams and elective surgeries to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Similarly, we recommend changing routines in several areas of otolaryngology. Additionally, guidance is provided on the use of telemedicine resources during the pandemic period. Conclusions: We are still at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and scientific evidence is still scarce and incomplete, so these ABORL-CCF recommendations for otorhinolaryngologists may be updated based on new knowledge and the pattern of the new coronavirus spread.

Resumo: Introdução: Estamos diante de uma pandemia de grande impacto mundial como resultado da rápida propagação do novo coronavírus, COVID-19. A comunidade médica está ainda conhecendo o comportamento desse vírus e as repercussões do ponto de vista populacional. Todo esse conhecimento é extremamente dinâmico, por isso algumas condutas ainda não estão bem estabelecidas. O otorrinolaringologista tem um papel central no manejo dessa situação em que deve avaliar o paciente e evitar a contaminação dos profissionais da saúde e dos demais pacientes. Dessa forma, as recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial (ABORL-CCF) têm por objetivo principal reduzir a propagação do novo coronavírus durante o atendimento otorrinolaringológico e auxiliar no manejo desses pacientes. Método: Revisão das principais recomendações das sociedades científicas nacionais, internacionais, decisões de órgãos governamentais e de conselhos de classe. Os tópicos serão relativos aos aspectos gerais do COVID-19, equipamentos de proteção individual, cuidados no atendimento ao paciente, as rotinas dos exames endoscópicos e o manejo de aspectos nasossinusais, otológicos e pediátricos relacionados ao COVID-19. Resultados: É considerado crucial o uso de equipamento de proteção individual no atendimento otorrinolaringológico de rotina. Recomendamos postergar atendimentos, exames e cirurgias eletivas para diminuir a propagação do COVID-19. Da mesma forma, recomendamos mudança de rotinas em diversas áreas da otorrinolaringologia. Além disso, orientações sobre o uso do recurso da telemedicina durante o período de vigência da pandemia. Conclusões: Estamos ainda no início da pandemia do COVID-19 e as evidências científicas são ainda escassas, por isso essas recomendações da ABORL-CCF para os otorrinolaringologistas podem sofrer atualizações baseadas nos novos conhecimentos e no padrão de disseminação do novo coronavírus.

Detecting the extent of control over selection bias relating to oral health and otorhinolaryngology: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The authors of randomized controlled trials will usually claim that they have met the randomization process criterion. However, sequence generation schemes differ and some schemes that are claimed to be randomized are not genuinely randomized. Even less well understood, and often more difficult to ascertain, is whether the allocation was really concealed. OBJECTIVE: To detect the extent of control over selection bias, in a comparison between two Cochrane groups: oral health and otorhinolaryngology; and to describe the methods used to control for this bias. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a public university in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The risk of selection bias in 1,714 records indexed in Medline database up to 2018 was assessed, independent of language and access. Two dimensions implicated in the allocation were considered: generation of the allocation sequence; and allocation concealment. RESULTS: We included 420 randomized controlled trials and all of them were evaluated to detect selection bias. In the sample studied, only 28 properly controlled the selection bias. Lack of control over selection bias was present in 80% of the studies evaluated in both groups. CONCLUSION: The two groups were similar regarding control over selection bias. They are also similar to the methods used. The dimension of allocation concealment appears to be a limiting factor with regard to production of randomized controlled trials with low risk of selection bias. The quality of reporting in studies on oral health and otorhinolaryngology is suboptimal and needs to be improved, in line with other fields of healthcare.