Pharmacognostical studies of Eclipta prostrata (Linn. ) grown in Sri Lanka / Estudios farmacognósticos de Eclipta prostrate (Linn. ) cultivada en Sri Lanka

Eclipta prostrata Linn. is an annual herbaceous plant used in traditional medicine, commonly known as "Trailing Eclipta" or False Daisy in English, ' Keekirindiya ' in Sinhala and ' Kayyantakara' in Tamil. The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of E. prostrata found in Sri Lanka. Anatomical, physicochemical, phytochemical studies, and quantification of phyto - constituents were performed as per WHO guidelines. Whole plant was sequ entially extracted into solvents with different polarities. Phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprinting were carried out. Anatomical study and powder microscopy revealed useful diagnostic features. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash values (total, acid insoluble, water soluble) and extractable matter in water and ethanol were evaluated. Phytochemical screening and TLC fingerprinting revealed the presence of different types of phyto - constituents. Alkaloid, tannin, saponin, total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents were quantified. In conclusion, pharmacognostical study aids in establishing the standardization parameters of E. prostrata found in Sri Lanka.

Eclipta prostrata Linn. es una planta herbácea anual utilizada en la medicina tradicional, comúnmente conocida como "Trailing Eclipta" o False Daisy en inglés, 'Keekirindiya' en sinhala y 'Kayyan takara' en tamil. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una evaluación farmacognóstica detallada de E. prostrata encontrada en Sri Lanka. Se llevaron a cabo estudios anatómicos, fisicoquímicos, fitoquímicos y cuantificación de fitoconstituyentes según l as directrices de la OMS. Se extrajo secuencialmente la planta entera en solventes con diferentes polaridades. Se realizaron pruebas de tamizaje fitoquímico y huellas dactilares de cromatografía en capa delgada (TLC). El estudio anatómico y la microscopía en polvo revelaron características diagnósticas útiles. Se evaluaron parámetros fisicoquímicos como el contenido de humedad, los valores de ceniza (total, insoluble en ácido, soluble en agua) y la materia extraíble en agua y etanol. Las pruebas de tamizaje fitoquímico y las huellas dactilares de TLC revelaron la presencia de diferentes tipos de fitoconstituyentes. Se cuantificaron los contenidos de alcaloides, taninos, saponinas, flavonoides totales y polifenoles totales. En conclusión, el estudio farmacogn óstico ayuda a establecer los parámetros de estandarización de E. prostrata encontrada en Sri Lanka.

Discovery of the radio-protecting effect of Ecliptae Herba, its constituents and targeting p53-mediated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo

Radiation protection drugs are often accompanied by toxicity, even amifostine, which has been the dominant radio-protecting drug for nearly 30 years. Furthermore, there is no therapeutic drug for radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII). This paper intends to find a safe and effective radio-protecting ingredient from natural sources. The radio-protecting effect of Ecliptae Herba (EHE) was discovered preliminarily by antioxidant experiments and the mouse survival rate after 137Cs irradiation. EHE components and blood substances in vivo were identified through UPLC‒Q-TOF. The correlation network of "natural components in EHE-constituents migrating to blood-targets-pathways" was established to predict the active components and pathways. The binding force between potential active components and targets was studied by molecular docking, and the mechanism was further analyzed by Western blotting, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and ChIP. Additionally, the expression levels of Lgr5, Axin2, Ki67, lysozyme, caspase-3, caspase-8,8-OHdG, and p53 in the small intestine of mice were detected. It was found for the first time that EHE is active in radiation protection and that luteolin is the material basis of this protection. Luteolin is a promising candidate for RⅢ. Luteolin can inhibit the p53 signaling pathway and regulate the BAX/BCL2 ratio in the process of apoptosis. Luteolin could also regulate the expression of multitarget proteins related to the same cell cycle.

A new stigmasterol glucoside from aerial parts of Ecliptae Herba / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the bioactive chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by macroporous absorption resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography. Their structures were determined by MS and NMR data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 2 were tested by in vitro screening assay. Results: A total of eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate partition of the ethanol extract of E. prostrata. They were identified as 7β-hydroxystigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 7α-hydroxystigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 7α-hydroxysitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3β,23-dihydroxy-30-norolean-12,20 (29)-dien-28- oic acid (4), camellenodiol (5), echinocystic acid-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), eclalbasaponin I (7) and eclalbasaponin IV (8). Compound 2 exhibited strong inhibition against α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of (11.7 ± 4.2) μmol/L. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named eclalbasaponin XIV and compounds 3-5 are reported from this herb for the first time. Steroidal glycosides could be the anti-hyperglycaemic components in E. prostrata by inhibiting α-glucosidase.

Effect of petroleum ether extract of Eclipta prostrate on biochemical parameters and histopathology of kidney in STZ induced diabetic rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of petroleum ether extract of Eclipta prostrata(PEEEP) on biochem-ical parameters such as blood glucose, insulin, total glycerides,total cholesterol,creatinine,urea nitrogen, uric acid levels and histopathology of kidney in STZ in-duced diabetic rats. Methods The model of type 2 diabetic rats was established by feeding with high ener-gy diet for 8 weeks and injecting streptozotocin(30 mg ·kg-1), after making the model successfully, the rats were randomly divided into model control group, metformin positive control group and experimental group, and gavaged with distilled water, metformin (400 mg·kg-1) and different dose of PEEEP (100, 200,400 mg·kg-1) for 4 weeks, respectively. The contents of blood glucose,insulin,total glycerides,to-tal cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid were detected by corresponding kit, the pathological changes of kidney were observed by light microscopy, and the expression of TNF-α protein was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with model control group, PEEEP could reduce blood glucose, total glyc-erides, total cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, u-ric acid and increase the content of insulin in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01 or P <0.05). It also could alleviate the pathological damage of kidney tis-sues and down-regulate the expression of TNF-α in kidney tissues. Conclusions PEEEP could effectively improve related biochemical parameters in streptozoto-cin induced diabetic rats, and it has protective effect on the kidney, providing the theoretical basis for fur-ther exploitation and utilization of Eclipta prostrata.

Chemcial constituents of Eclipta prostrata / 中国中药杂志

A total of twenty-two compounds were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of Eclipta prostrata by various purification steps, and their structures were established as ecliptalignin A (1)，ecliptasaponin Ⅰ (2), ecliptasaponin Ⅱ (3), echinocystic acid (4), 3-oxo-16α-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (5), acacetin-7--rutinoside (6), luteoloside (7), apigenin (8), luteolin (9), acacetin (10), skullcapflavone Ⅱ (11), kaempferol (12), kaempferide (13), quercetin (14), 4',7-dihydroxyl-3',6'-dimethoxylisoflavone-7--glucoside (15), ecliptal (16), 5-hydroxymethyl-(2,2',5',2″)-terthienyl tiglate (17), psoralen (18), isopsoralen (19), wedelolactone (20), crinumaquine (21), and 2,3,9,12-tetramethoxyprotoberberine (22) mainly based on the spectroscopic techniques, of which 1 was a new lignin analogue, and 5, 6, 10-13, 15, 18, 19, 21 and 22 were isolated form this plant for the first time.

Bioactive triterpenoids, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Eclipta prostrata Linn.

Bioactive triterpenoids; 3-acetylaleuritolic acid, stigmasterol, a mixture of triterpenoids, fatty esters and aromatic components were isolated from the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata by column chromatography. The plant extracts were investigated for their antimicrobial activity (agar dilution method) against twenty-eight strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including diploid fungus. In addition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were also evaluated. The extracts and isolated fractions exhibited antimicrobial activity against Morexella catarrhalis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 10356 and Streptococcus pyogenes with the MIC of 64 g/mL including Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2601 (MIC 256 g/mL). The ethyl acetate extract and isolated fractions displayed antioxidant effect. In addition, the plant extracts showed cytotoxic activity (ED50 > 100 g/mL) toward HuCCA-1 and KB cells. The results demonstrate beneficial effects of E. prostrata as the antimicrobials and bioactive compounds for medicinal usages.

Chemical constituents from dried aerial parts of eclipta prostrata / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To study the constituents in the dried aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR, and HRESI-TOF-MS) and chemical analyses. Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 7-O-methylorobol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3'-hydroxybiochanin A (2), echinocystic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), ecliptasaponin A (4), eclalbasaponin I (5), eclalbasaponin IV (6), echinocystic acid (7), and 3-oxo-16α-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (8). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound and compound 3 is obtained from this genus for the first time. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Clitoria ternata L. and Eclipta prostrata L.

Free radical-mediated oxidative stress is believed to be the primary cause of many disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, brain dysfunction, cataract, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, ageing etc. In treatment of these diseases, antioxidant therapy has gained an utmost importance in the recent years. Current research is now directed towards finding naturally occurring antioxidants of plant origin. In Indian system of medicine, Clitoria ternata L. and Eclipta prostrata L. are the important medicinal plants, which have a wide range of applications. In the present study, the antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts of C. ternata and E. prostrata was evaluated by determining the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In vitro antioxidant capacity was also determined using different assays and the results were compared with standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), ascorbic acid and rutin. Our results showed that both plant extracts possessed significant levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also exhibited antioxidant capacity. However, C. ternata showed higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as compared to E. prostrata. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of C. ternata was observed to be significant as compared to E. prostrata.

Genetic transformation of Eclipta prostrata by Ri T-DNA / 中草药

Object To establish the culture system of hairy root of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.. Methods Hairy root of E. prostrata was obtained from infected cotyledon explants after infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains A4, R1601 and ATCC15834, elite strains were screened and growth curves determined. The transformation of Ri T DNA was examined through high voltage paper electrophoresis. Results The hairy root was originally obtained from E.prostrata. The result of high voltage paper elctrophoresis confirmed the transformation of T DNA from Ri plasmid to the hairy root. Conclusion The acquisition of hairy root of E. prostrata provided further a foundation for the industrial production of active drug component.

Chemical constituents of Eclipta prostrata / 中草药

Objective To study their chemical components of Eclipta prostrata and identify their chemical structures. Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatography, purified by Sephadex LH-20 gel, identified by spectral analyses, and compared with the published data. Results Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 2', 5″, 2″-terthiophene-5-carboxylic acid (Ⅰ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅱ), apigenin (Ⅲ), quercetin (Ⅳ), luteolin (Ⅴ), wedelolactone (Ⅵ), demethyl wedelolactone (Ⅶ), ecliptasaponin C (Ⅷ), luteoloside (Ⅸ), and linarin (Ⅹ). Conclusion Compound Ⅰ is a new compound from nature and compound Ⅹ is obtained from E. prostrata for the first time.