The Effect of an Educational Intervention Based on the Health Action Process Approach on Nurses' Communication Skills / Efecto de una intervención educativa basada en el enfoque del proceso de acción en salud sobre las habilidades comunicativas de las enfermeras / Efeito de uma intervenção educativa baseada na abordagem do processo de ação em saúde nas habilidades de comunicação do enfermeiro. Estudo quase experimental com grupo controle

Objective. This study aimed to the effects of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in promoting the quality of nurses' communication skills among nurses. Methods.The present quasi-experimental research was conducted on 148 nurses (76 in the intervention and 72 in the control group) in Yazd province (Iran). In this study, the total number of nurses in one hospital was selected as the intervention group, while the nurses from another hospital were chosen as the control group. The participants were recruited from public hospitals in Ardakan and Meibod cities. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Constructs and a communicative skill questionnaire. The data were collected from the two groups before, one month after, and four months after the intervention. The control group did not receive any educational training during the course of the study. Results. In the pretest, no statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups regarding the behavioral stages of effective communication with patients. In the posttest, the mean task self-efficacy score was significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.001). The mean coping self-efficacy score was also significantly higher in the intervention group than the control in the posttest (p<0.001). Moreover, the mean coping planning score was significantly increased in the post-test intervention group(p<0.001). The mean communicative skill score was also significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the post-test control (p=0.03). Conclusion. The intervention used in the present study based on the target model (HAPA) significantly affected nurses' self-efficacy and communicative skills in the experimental group.

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del enfoque del proceso de acción sanitaria (Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), en inglés) en la promoción de la calidad de las habilidades de comunicación de las enfermeras. Métodos. La presente investigación cuasiexperimental se llevó a cabo con 148 enfermeras (76 en el grupo de intervención y 72 en el de control) de la provincia de Yazd (Irán). Los participantes fueron reclutados en los hospitales públicos de las ciudades de Ardakan y Meibod. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue un cuestionario basado en los constructos HAPA y un cuestionario de habilidades comunicativas. Se recogieron datos de los dos grupos antes, un mes después y cuatro meses después de la intervención. El grupo de control no recibió ninguna formación educativa durante el estudio. Resultados. En la preprueba, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de intervención y de control en cuanto a las etapas conductuales de la comunicación eficaz con los pacientes. En la prueba posterior, la puntuación media de autoeficacia en la tarea aumentó significativamente en el grupo de intervención en comparación con el grupo de control (p<0.001). La puntuación media de autoeficacia en el afrontamiento también fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de intervención que en el grupo de control en el postest (p<0.001). Además, la puntuación media en planificación del afrontamiento aumentó significativamente en el grupo de intervención después de la prueba (p<0.001). La puntuación media en habilidades comunicativas también aumentó significativamente en el grupo de intervención en comparación con el grupo de control después de la prueba (p=0.03). Conclusión.La intervención utilizada en el presente estudio basada en el modelo HAPA mejoró significativamente la autoeficacia y las habilidades comunicativas de las enfermeras del grupo experimental.

Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito da Abordagem do Processo de Ação em Saúde (HAPA) na promoção da qualidade das habilidades de comunicação dos enfermeiros. Métodos. A presente pesquisa quase-experimental foi realizada com 148 enfermeiros (76 no grupo de intervenção e 72 no grupo de controle) da província de Yazd (Irã). Os participantes foram recrutados em hospitais públicos nas cidades de Ardakan e Meibod. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário baseado nos construtos do HAPA e um questionário de habilidades de comunicação. Os dados foram coletados dos dois grupos antes, um mês depois e quatro meses após a intervenção. O grupo de controle não recebeu nenhum treinamento educacional durante o estudo. Resultados. No pré-teste, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de intervenção e controle em termos de estágios comportamentais da comunicação eficaz com os pacientes. No pós-teste, a pontuação média de autoeficácia na tarefa aumentou significativamente no grupo de intervenção em comparação com o grupo de controle (p<0.001). A pontuação média de autoeficácia de enfrentamento também foi significativamente maior no grupo de intervenção do que no grupo de controle no pós-teste (p<0.001). Além disso, a pontuação média do planejamento de enfrentamento aumentou significativamente no grupo de intervenção após o pós-teste (p<0.001). A pontuação média em habilidades de comunicação também aumentou significativamente no grupo de intervenção em comparação com o grupo de controle no pós-teste (p=0.03). Conclusão. A intervenção usada no presente estudo com base no modelo HAPA melhorou significativamente a autoeficácia e as habilidades de comunicação dos enfermeiros do grupo experimental.

Traducción y validación de la Escala de Autoeficacia en Lactancia Materna BSES-SF en población colombiana / Translation and Validation of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale bses-sfin a Colombian Population / Tradução e validação da Escala de Autoeficácia em Amamentação bses-sfna população colombiana

La autoeficacia en la lactancia materna es la confian-za de la madre en su capacidad para amamantar a su hijo(a), la cual se evalúa mediante el cuestionario Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale (bses). Diversos estu-dios han explorado las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento con resultados adecuados en diferentes países. Este estudio presenta el proceso de traducción y validación de la escala en su versión breve, de 14 ítems, en una muestra de mujeres colombianas. En total, se evaluaron 243 mujeres lactantes con hijos alrededor de los cuatro meses de edad. Se analizó la consistencia y estructura interna de la escala, así como su relación con otras variables. La escala evidenció adecuados indicios respecto a su consistencia interna (α = .91), se identificó una estructura factorial de dos dimensiones que explican un 48 % de la varianza, la relación con otras variables como la autoestima (ρ = .28) y el estrés percibido (ρ = .30) fueron débiles o moderadas, y las diferencias en las puntuaciones respecto a la historia obstétrica y las variables sociodemográficas fueron analizadas. Las evidencias psicométricas apoyan la utilización de la escala, tanto en el ámbito clínico como en el investigativo para evaluar la autoeficacia en mu-jeres lactantes colombianas

2Adriana Trujillo, Rubby Castro-Osorio, Natalia Maldonado-AvendañoAvances en Psicología Latinoamericana / Bogotá (Colombia) / Vol. 42(1) / pp. 1-20 / 2024 / ISSNe2145-4515obstétrica y las variables sociodemográficas fueron analizadas. Las evidencias psicométricas apoyan la utilización de la escala, tanto en el ámbito clínico como en el investigativo para evaluar la autoeficacia en mu-jeres lactantes colombianas.Palabras clave: autoeficacia; lactancia materna; bses-sf; psicometría.AbstractBreastfeeding self-efficacy is the mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed her child and is assessed using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (bses). Several studies have explored the psychometric properties of the questionnaire with adequate results in different countries. The present study presents the translation and validation process of the 14-item brief version of the scale in a sample of Colombian women. In to-tal, 243 lactating women with children around four months of age were evaluated. The consistency and internal structure of the scale was analysed, as well as its relationship with other variables. The scale evidenced adequate internal consistency (α = .91), a factorial structure of two dimensions explaining 48 % of the variance was identified, the relationship with other variables such as self-esteem (ρ = .28) and perceived stress (ρ = .30) was weak or moderate, and the differences in scores regarding the obstetric history and sociodemographic variables were analyzed. The psychometric evidence supports the use of the scale in both clinical and research settings to assess self-efficacy in Colombian lactating women.

A autoeficácia na amamentação é a confiança da mãe em sua capacidade de amamentar seu filho e é avaliada por meio do questionário Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale(bses). Vários estudos exploraram as propriedades psi-cométricas do instrumento com resultados adequados em diferentes países. O presente estudo apresenta o processo de tradução e validação da escala em sua versão breve de 14 itens em uma amostra de mulheres colombianas. No total, foram avaliadas 243 lactantes com filhos em torno de quatro meses de idade. Foram analisadas a consistência e a estrutura interna da escala, bem como sua relação com outras variáveis. A escala apresentou indicações adequadas quanto à sua consistência interna (α = 0,91), foi identifi-cada uma estrutura fatorial bidimensional que explicou 48% da variância. A relação com outras variáveis como a autoestima (ρ = 0,28) e percepção ao estresse (ρ = 0,30) foi fraca ou moderada, e, foram analisadas diferenças nos escores referentes ao histórico obstétrico e às variáveis sociodemográficas. Evidências psicométricas apoiam o uso da escala tanto em ambientes clínicos como de pesquisa para avaliar a autoeficácia na amamentação em mulheres lactantes colombianas.

Ankyloglossia severity in infants: maternal pain, self-efficacy, and functional aspects of breastfeeding / Gravidade da anquiloglossia em bebês: dor materna, autoeficácia e aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0-3; mild: scores 4-6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar aspectos funcionais da amamentação, autoeficácia e dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação, em recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia grave e leve. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado com 81 bebês diagnosticados com anquiloglossia avaliados pelo Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (grave: escores 0-3; leve: escores: 4-6), aninhados em um estudo de coorte realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil. Os aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno foram analisados por meio do Formulário de Observação da Amamentação do Fundo Internacional para a Infância das Nações Unidas (BOF-UNICEF) e da Escala LATCH. Aautoeficácia foi mensurada por meio da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Os indicadores de dor foram avaliados pelo Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade materna foi 26,7±0,8 anos, e 64,2% concluíram o ensino médio. A maioria dos recém-nascidos era do sexo masculino (67,9%), e o peso ao nascer foi 3232±60g. Foi detectada associação significante no aspecto da sucção avaliado pelo BOF-UNICEF [β=0,22 (IC95% 0,07; 0,73), p=0,013]. No entanto, os grupos não diferiram na avaliação do aleitamento materno realizada pela escala LATCH. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na avaliação da autoeficácia em amamentar relatada pelas mães e no escore de dor. Conclusões: Apesar de ter sido observada dificuldade de sucção em lactentes com anquiloglossia grave, a qualidade da amamentação em geral, a dor materna e a autoeficácia relatada pelas mães não diferem quando comparadas com as de lactentes com anquiloglossia leve. Assim, a gravidade da anquiloglossia parece não afetar os indicadores de amamentação.

Interventions for Strengthening General Self-Efficacy Beliefs in College Students: An Integrative Review / Intervenciones para Fortalecer las Creencias de Autoeficacia General en Estudiantes Universitarios: Revisión Integrativa / Intervenções para Fortalecimento das Crenças de Autoeficácia Geral em Estudantes Universitários: Revisão Integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy beliefs in college students. Methods: Integrative Review conducted on the Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the results were analyzed descriptively. Results: Out of the 10 selected studies, six demonstrated that interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy were effective (Levels of Evidence II and III), and four revealed contrary results (Levels of Evidence I and II). Programs aimed at enhancing self-efficacy should include content on positive mental health, psychoeducation strategies, cover a period of eight to twelve weeks, and consider the completion of homework assignments. Conclusion: The synthesis of evidence pointed to pathways for building an effective self-efficacy strengthening program to be implemented in universities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las evidencias sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para fortalecer las creencias de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Revisión Integrativa realizada en las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus y PsycInfo. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó utilizando herramientas propuestas por el Instituto Joanna Briggs y los resultados se analizaron de forma descriptiva. Resultados: De los 10 estudios seleccionados, seis demostraron que las intervenciones para fortalecer la autoeficacia fueron efectivas (niveles de evidencia II y III) y cuatro arrojaron resultados contrarios (niveles de evidencia I y II). Los programas dirigidos al fortalecimiento de la autoeficacia deben incluir contenido sobre salud mental positiva, estrategias de psicoeducación, abarcar un período de ocho a doce semanas y considerar la realización de ejercicios para hacer en casa. Conclusión: La síntesis de evidencia señala el camino para la construcción de un programa efectivo de fortalecimiento de las creencias de autoeficacia que debe implementarse en las universidades.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências sobre a efetividade das intervenções para fortalecer as crenças de autoeficácia em universitários. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus e PsycInfo. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute e os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Dos 10 estudos selecionados, seis demonstraram que as intervenções para fortalecer a autoeficácia foram efetivas (níveis de evidências II e III) e quatro revelaram resultados contrários (níveis de evidências I e II). Os programas direcionados ao fortalecimento da autoeficácia devem possuir conteúdo sobre saúde mental positiva, estratégias de psicoeducação, abranger o período de oito a doze semanas e considerar a realização de exercícios para casa. Conclusão: A síntese das evidências apontou caminhos para a construção de um programa efetivo de fortalecimento das crenças de autoeficácia a ser implementado em universidades.

Aleitamento materno exclusivo e uso da bolsa canguru em bebês a termo entre o primeiro e segundo mês de idade / Exclusive breastfeeding and the use of kangaroo slings among full-term infants between their first and second months of age / Amamantamiento materno exclusivo y uso de la bolsa canguro en bebés a término entre el primer y segundo mes de edad

Objetivo: verificar a associação entre o uso da bolsa canguru, desde a maternidade até o domicílio, e aleitamento materno exclusivo, entre o 1o e 2o mês de idade, em bebês a termo saudáveis; identificar o nível de autoeficácia para o aleitamento materno, das mães que utilizaram a bolsa canguru. Métodos: estudo transversal com mães que receberam uma bolsa canguru após o parto, na maternidade, e foram orientadas sobre manterem seus bebês nesta postura, pelo menos uma hora por dia. Entre um e dois meses após o nascimento, foram investigadas a frequência do uso da bolsa canguru, autoeficácia materna da amamentação e tipo de alimentação dos bebês. Para análise foi empregado o teste ꭓ2 ou Exato de Fisher e o coeficiente V de Cramer (p < 0,05). Resultados: participaram 98 mães. Todas utilizaram a bolsa canguru no alojamento conjunto, 39,8% utilizaram três ou mais vezes por semana, no domicílio entre o primeiro e segundo mês após o parto; 70,4% dos bebês permaneceram em Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo (AME), o nível da autoeficácia materna para amamentação foi alto. AME esteve associado ao uso da bolsa canguru no domicílio (p = 0,014). Conclusão: bebês a termo saudáveis podem se beneficiar do uso da bolsa canguru desde a maternidade, estendido até o domicílio.

Objectives: to verify the association between kangaroo slings used from maternity hospital to home, and exclusive breastfeeding among healthy full-term babies between the 1st and 2nd months of age; to identify breastfeeding self-efficacy level of those mothers using a kangaroo sling. Method: this cross-sectional study addressed mothers who received a kangaroo sling after giving birth, at maternity hospital, and were instructed to keep the babies in this posture at least one hour daily. The frequency with which the mothers used the kangaroo sling, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and the type of feeding were investigated between one and two months after delivery. ꭓ2 or Fisher's exact test and Cramer's V coefficient (p < 0.05) were adopted in the analysis. Results: ninety-eight mothers participated in the study. All of them used the kangaroo sling in rooming-in; 39.8% used it three or more times a week at home between the 1st and 2nd months after giving birth; 70.4% of the babies remained on Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF), the level of breastfeeding self-efficacy was high, and EBF was associated with the use of a kangaroo sling at home (p = 0.014). Conclusion: healthy full-term babies can benefit from using a kangaroo sling, starting at the maternity hospital and extending its use to home.

Objetivo: verificar la asociación entre el uso de la bolsa canguro, desde la maternidad hasta el domicilio, y amamantamiento materno exclusivo, entre el 1o e 2o mes de edad, en bebés a término saludables; identificar el nivel de autoeficacia para el amamantamiento materno, de las madres que utilizaron la bolsa canguro. Métodos: estudio transversal con madres que recibieron una bolsa canguro después del parto, en la maternidad, y fueron orientadas sobre mantener sus bebés en esta postura, por lo menos una hora por día. Entre uno y dos meses después del nacimiento, fueron investigadas la frecuencia del uso de la bolsa canguro, autoeficacia materna del amamantamiento y tipo de alimentación de los bebés. Para el análisis fue empleado el test ꭓ2 o Exacto de Fisher y el coeficiente V de Cramer (p < 0,05). Resultados: participaron 98 madres. Todas utilizaron la bolsa canguro en alojamiento conjunto, 39,8% utilizaron tres o más veces por semana, en el domicilio entre el primero y segundo mes después el parto; 70,4%, de los bebés, permaneció en Lactancia Materno Exclusivo (LME); el nivel de la autoeficacia materna para amamantamiento fue alto. El LME estuvo asociado al uso de la bolsa canguro en el domicilio (p = 0,014). Conclusión: bebés a término saludables pueden beneficiarse del uso de la bolsa canguro desde la maternidad, extendido hasta el domicilio.

Luz UVC como estratégia de desinfecção do ar e superfícies hospitalares / Luz UV-C como estrategia de desinfección del aire y superficies hospitalarias / UVC light as a strategy for disinfection of hospital air and surfaces

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana de um dispositivo fixo emissor de luz UV-C na desinfecção de diferentes superfícies do ambiente hospitalar e sua eficácia antifúngica na qualidade do ar. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental realizado em uma unidade de internação hospitalar, que utilizou o Bioamostrador de ar Andersen® de seis estágios para análise do ar; e na avaliação das superfícies, utilizaram-se três suspensões de microrganismos (Acinetobacter sp. MDR, Escherichia coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae produtora de KPC) para contaminar o ambiente. Para ambos foram feitas coletas pré (controle) e pós-acionamento da luz UV-C (teste). Resultados Na avaliação do ar houve uma redução importante da contagem de colônias após a luz UV-C e não foram encontrados fungos patogênicos ou toxigênicos em nenhum dos dois momentos. Em relação à desinfecção das superfícies, nenhum crescimento bacteriano foi observado após a intervenção da luz, demonstrando 100% de inativação bacteriana nas condições testadas. Conclusão A utilização da tecnologia com emissão de luz UV-C fixa foi eficaz e pode ser considerada uma intervenção promissora para protocolos de desinfecção de superfícies hospitalares.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia antimicrobiana de un dispositivo fijo emisor de luz UV-C para la desinfección de diferentes superficies del ambiente hospitalario y su eficacia antifúngica en la calidad del aire. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental realizado en una unidad de internación hospitalaria, en que se utilizó el biomuestreador de aire Andersen® de seis etapas para el análisis del aire. En el análisis de las superficies, se utilizaron tres suspensiones de microorganismos (Acinetobacter sp. MDR, Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de KPC) para contaminar el ambiente. En ambos se tomó una muestra antes (control) y después de accionar la luz UV-C (prueba). Resultados En el análisis del aire hubo una reducción importante del recuento de colonias después de la luz UV-C y no se encontraron hongos patógenos ni toxigénicos en ninguno de los dos momentos. Con relación a la desinfección de las superficies, no se observó ningún crecimiento bacteriano después de la intervención de la luz, lo que demuestra un 100 % de inactivación bacteriana en las condiciones analizadas. Conclusión El uso de la tecnología con emisión de luz UV-C fija fue eficaz y puede ser considerada una intervención prometedora para protocolos de desinfección de superficies hospitalarias.

Abstract Objective To evaluate a fixed UV-C light emitting device for its antimicrobial effectiveness in the disinfection of distinct surfaces and its antifungal effectiveness on air quality in the hospital environment. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a hospital inpatient unit, in which a six-stage air Biosampler (Andersen®) was used for air analysis. In the evaluation of surfaces, three suspensions of microorganisms (Acinetobacter sp. multidrug-resistant, Escherichia coli, and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae) were used to contaminate the environment. In both evaluations, pre- (control) and post-activation of UV-C light (test) collections were made. Results In the air evaluation, an important reduction was observed in the colony count after irradiation with UV-C light, and pathogenic or toxigenic fungi were not found in either of the two moments. Regarding the disinfection of surfaces, no bacterial growth was observed after the application of UV-C light, showing 100% bacterial inactivation under the tested conditions. Conclusion The use of fixed UV-C light emission technology was effective and can be considered a promising intervention for hospital surface disinfection protocols.

Predictive Value of Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in the Treatment of Lung Cancer Patients with Anti PD-1 Immunotherapy / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The application of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies has greatly improved the clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of PD-1 antibody therapy in locally advanced non-surgical or metastatic lung cancer patients, and preliminarily explored the correlation between peripheral blood biomarkers and clinical responses.@*METHODS@#We conducted a single center study that included 61 IIIA-IV lung cancer patients who received PD-1 antibody treatment from March 2020 to December 2021, and collected the medical record data on PD-1 antibody first-line or second-line treatment. The levels of multiple Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the patient's peripheral blood serum, as well as the phenotype of peripheral blood T cells, were detected and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All the patients completed at least 2 cycles of PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment. Among them, 42 patients (68.9%) achieved partial response (PR); 7 patients (11.5%) had stable disease (SD); and 12 patients (19.7%) had progressive disease (PD). The levels of peripheral blood interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (P=0.023), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (P=0.007) and interleukin 5 (IL-5) (P=0.002) before treatment were higher in patients of the disease control rate (DCR) (PR+SD) group than in the PD group. In addition, the decrease in absolute peripheral blood lymphocyte count after PD-1 antibody treatment was associated with disease progression (P=0.023). Moreover, the levels of IL-5 (P=0.0027) and IL-10 (P=0.0208) in the blood serum after immunotherapy were significantly increased compared to baseline.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Peripheral blood serum IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-5 in lung cancer patients have certain roles in predicting the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. The decrease in absolute peripheral blood lymphocyte count in lung cancer patients is related to disease progression, but large-scale prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the value of these biomarkers.

Comparison of Anatomic Locking Titanium Plate and Intramedullary Nail in the Treatment of Distal Tibial Fractures / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical efficacy and complications of anatomic locking titanium plate （hereinafter referred to as “titanium plate screw”） and intramedullary nail in the treatment of distal tibial fractures.Methods From September 2019 to September 2021， 32 patients diagnosed with AO-A fracture of distal tibia at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included in this study. Of these， 15 cases were treated with titanium plate screws and 17 cases were treated with intramedullary nails. General surgical indexes， fracture healing time and postoperative operation were compared between the two groups.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 10 to 20 months， with an average of 12 months. The operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of intramedullary nail group were longer than those of titanium plate screw group， but the preoperative waiting time and hospitalization days was less or were fewer than those of titanium plate screw group， the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in fracture healing time between the two groups （P> 0.05）. At 6 weeks after operation， VAS scores in both groups were lower than those before operation， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in VAS scores between the intramedullary nail group and the titanium plate screw group （P> 0.05）. AOFAS scores 6 months after surgery， ankle joint motion and complication rate 1 year after surgery in intramedullary screw group were better than those in titanium plate screw group， and the differences were statistically significant （P< 0.05）. There was no significant difference in AOFAS scores between the two groups at 1 year after operation （P> 0.05）.ConclusionTitanium plate screw and intramedullary nail are both effective methods for the treatment of distal tibial AO-A fracture， and there is no significant difference in long-term clinical efficacy. Intramedullary nail has fewer soft tissue complications， less impact on ankle motion， faster recovery and higher safety， while titanium plate screw has a higher probability of postoperative soft tissue infection. We suggest that in clinical work， preoperative evaluation of patients should be done well. Under the premise of grasping the indications， intramedullary nail has fewer complications and certain advantages.

Curative Effect Observation of Burosumab for Children and Adults with X-Linked Hypophosphatemicrickets / 罕见病研究

We studied the patients diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemicrickets(XLH) and treated with burosumab in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. In addition, we described the clinical characteristics of the patients, the changes of clinical indexes before and after burosumab treatment, and the adverse drug reactions during treatment. We also evaluated the efficacy and safety of burosumab for XLH. The results showed that three children XLH patients and one adult XLH patients received burosumab treatment. After treatment, the serum phosphorus level of all patients increased; the serum phosphorus of 3 children patients increased above the lower limit of the reference value range; the serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) of all patients was lower than that of before treatment; the serum ALP of one adult patient was close to the normal range after 2.5 years of treatment. One child patient showed small crystals in kidney through ultrasound 48 weeks after treatment; one child and one adult showed increased serum parathyroid hormone(PTH)level before treatment and serum PTH continued increasing after treatment. Finally, it may be concluded that burosumab increased serum phosphorus levels in XLH patients, kept the level relatively stable, and reduced serum ALP levels. No serious adverse reactions occurred during treatment, in order to provide reference for the use of burosumab in patients with XLH.

Efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer：a meta-analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKI） in the treatment of HER2- positive breast cancer in order to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical medication. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang database， VIP， PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase and Web of Science， randomized controlled trial （RCT） about TKI （trial group） versus drugs excluding TKI （control group） in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer were collected from the establishment of the database to April 2023. Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed by using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 17 software. RESULTS Total of 24 RCT studies were included， involving 15 538 HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The meta- analysis results showed that compared with the control group， the progression-free survival （PFS） [HR＝0.91， 95%CI （0.80， 1.02）， P＝0.12]， overall survival （OS） [HR＝0.95， 95%CI （0.89， 1.01）， P＝0.11]， objective response rate （ORR） [OR＝1.21， 95%CI （0.86， 1.69）， P＝0.27]， and pathological complete response rate （pCR） [OR＝1.44， 95%CI （0.91， 2.27）， P＝0.12] had no statistically significant difference in the trial group； among the 3/4 grade ADRs， the trial group had a higher incidence of anemia [OR＝1.77， 95%CI （1.16，2.70）， P＝0.008]， rash [OR＝11.26， 95%CI （7.32，17.31）， P＜0.000 01]， paronychia [OR＝8.67， 95%CI（1.62，46.53）， P＝0.01]， diarrhea [OR＝10.17， 95%CI（5.03，20.58）， P＜0.000 01]， oral mucositis inflammation [OR＝ 9.34， 95%CI （3.13， 27.83）， P＜0.000 1]， elevated aspartate aminotransferase [OR＝2.09， 95%CI （1.13，3.84）， P＝0.02]， and hypokalemia [OR＝2.37， 95%CI （1.31，4.30）， P＝0.005] than that of the control group. Subgroup analysis results showed that compared with the placebo group， TKI could improve OS and ORR （P＜0.05）， while compared with trastuzumab， TKI had no advantage in PFS， OS， ORR， and pCR， and TKI combined with trastuzumab could significantly improve PFS， OS， ORR， and pCR compared with the trastuzumab group （P＜ 0.05）. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were relatively robust and the risk of publication bias was low. CONCLUSIONS Compared with trastuzumab， TKI has no advantages in PFS， OS， ORR and pCR in the treatment of HER2- positive breast cancer， but TKI combined with trastuzumab can significantly improve PFS， OS， ORR and pCR； TKI can increase the risk of grade 3/4 anemia， rash， paronychia， diarrhea， oral mucositis， elevated aspartate aminotransferase， and hypokalemia.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of sedative therapy with midazolam and dexmedetomidine/propofol in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of midazolam and dexmedetomidine/propofol for the sedation of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation， and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， Clinical trials. gov， China Journal Full Text Database， Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database， Wanfang database and China Biomedical Literature Database， the data on the efficacy and safety of midazolam and dexmetomidine/propofol for the sedation of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation were collected from the establishment of the database to March 31， 2023. After extracting data from clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria， the meta-analysis was conducted by using the RevMan 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS A total of 31 literature were included， with a total of 2 765 patients. Results of meta-analysis showed that the mechanical ventilation time [MD＝14.13， 95%CI （13.75， 14.52）， P＜0.000 01] and the length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit [MD＝0.92， 95%CI （0.54， 1.30）， P＜0.000 01] of patients in the midazolam group was longer than dexmedetomidine/ propofol group. The incidence of bradycardia in midazolam group was lower dexmedetomidine/propofol group [OR＝0.60， 95%CI （0.41， 0.90）， P＝0.01]， but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypotension between the two groups [OR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.47， 1.01）， P＝0.06]. The incidence of delirium [OR＝3.88， 95%CI （2.74， 5.49）， P＜0.000 01]， ventilator- associated pneumonia [OR＝2.32， 95%CI （1.19， 4.51）， P＝0.01]， and respiratory depression [OR＝5.70， 95%CI （3.09， 10.52）， P＜0.000 01] in midazolam group were higher than dexmedetomidine/propofol group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with dexmedetomidine/propofol， midazolam increases patients’ mechanical ventilation time and the length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit in terms of efficacy， and increases the risk of delirium and pulmonary complications in terms of safety， but has a smaller cardiovascular impact.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii versus Bifidobacterium triple live bacteria in the treatment of pediatric diarrhea / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bifidobacterium triple live bacteria in the treatment of pediatric diarrhea. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CBM， Wanfang data， CNKI and VIP， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about S. boulardii （S. boulardii group） versus Bifidobacterium triple liver bacteria （Bifidobacterium group） were collected. After screening the literature， extracting data and evaluating the quality， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 9 RCTs were included， involving 898 patients. Results of meta-analysis showed there was no statistical significance in total response rate [OR＝1.69， 95%CI （0.93， 3.09）， P＝0.09]， duration of diarrhea [MD＝－1.39， 95%CI （－3.35， 0.57）， P＝0.16]， the time of abdominal pain disappearance [MD＝0.09， 95%CI（－0.87， 1.05），P＝0.86] or the incidence of adverse reactions [OR＝0.65， 95%CI （0.05， 8.03）， P＝0.74]. The number of stools in S. boulardii group was significantly less than Bifidobacterium group [MD＝－0.91， 95%CI （－1.80， －0.02）， P＝0.04]. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the duration of diarrhea in children with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in S. boulardii group was significantly shorter than Bifidobacterium group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy and safety of S. boulardii are similar to those of Bifidobacterium in the treatment of diarrhea， but S. boulardii is better than Bifidobacterium in terms of stool number， the duration of diarrhea in children with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang data and VIP， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and cohort studies about aspirin （trial group） versus other anticoagulants （control group） were collected during the inception and June 1st， 2023. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， the meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included， involving 9 RCTs and 13 cohort studies. RCT results showed that the incidences of deep vein thrombosis （DVT） [RR＝1.81， 95%CI（1.36， 2.40）， P＜0.000 1] and postoperative pulmonary embolism （PE） [RR＝1.55， 95%CI（1.01， 2.40）， P＝0.05] in trial group were significantly higher than control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of postoperative massive bleeding， postoperative surgical site infection， all-cause death， or any bleeding after surgery between 2 groups. In the cohort study， the incidence of any bleeding in trial group was significantly lower than control group [RR＝0.71，95%CI （0.64， 0.79）， P＜0.000 1]， while the differences in other indicators were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. The results of subgroup analysis based on different anticoagulants showed that in RCT， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery in patients using low-molecular-weight heparin （LMWH） were significantly lower than using aspirin （P＜0.05）； in the cohort study， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery were significantly lower in patients using direct oral anticoagulants （DOAC） than using aspirin （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding between patients using aspirin and using DOAC and LWMH （P＞0.05） in both RCT and cohort study. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin is equally safe as other anticoagulants for the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery， but its efficacy may not be as good as other anticoagulants. After orthopedic surgery， other anticoagulants should be preferred to prevent venous thromboembolism， and aspirin should be carefully considered.

Kinase modulators approved by FDA in 2022 / 药学学报

The FDA approved a total of 37 new drugs in 2022, including 22 new molecular entities and 15 new biological products. This is the year with the lowest number of new drugs approved by the FDA since 2017. Among these approved drugs, 21 new drugs belong to the "first-in-class" category, accounting for 56% of the total approved drugs, which is the highest ratio in the past 10 years. Among the drugs approved in 2022, there are 5 small molecule kinase modulators, including the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) allosteric inhibitor deucravacitinib, the first oral pyruvate kinase (PK) activator mitapivat, the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor abcrocitinib, the JAK2 selective inhibitor pacritinib and the broad-spectrum fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor futibatinib. This review briefly describes the discovery background, research and development process, synthesis routes and clinical efficacy and safety of small molecule kinase modulators approved by the FDA in 2022, hoping to provide ideas and methods for further research on kinase modulators.

Research progress of long-term efficacy after implantation of implantable collamer lens V4c / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

With the rapid development of science and technology and the wide application of electronic products, the number of patients with high myopia is gradually increasing. Meanwhile, owing to the continuous optimization of surgical skils and the continuous advancement in materials of posterior chamber intraocular lens and manufacturing processes, implantable collamer lens(ICL)V4c implantation has gradually become one of the main surgeries for the treatment of high myopia. In the rapid era of social information, people pay more attention to the long-term efficacy after ICL V4c implantation, they not only want clear vision, but also the pursuit of visual comfort and durability. Therefore, this paper will specifically discuss the research progress of the post-implantation efficacy of ICL V4c with at least 2 a of follow-up observation within 3 a, aiming to review the latest research progress on the long-term efficacy of ICL V4c implantation from the three dimensions of visual quality, safety, efficacy and stability and possible surgical complications after ICL V4c implantation.

Efficacy of Tiaogan Huaxian Pills in Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Fibrosis in Hepatitis B and Its Effect on Diffusion-weighted Imaging / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Tiaogan Huaxian pills combined with entecavir on hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B with liver Qi stagnation， spleen deficiency， and blood stasis syndrome and its effect on diffusion-weighted imaging （DWI）. MethodClinical data of 117 patients with liver disease who visited the Department of Hepatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment plans， they were divided into a control group （59 cases） and a treatment group （58 cases）. Both groups of patients received entecavir-based etiology treatment， and the treatment group added Tiaogan Huaxian pills on the basis of basic treatment. Both groups were treated for 24 weeks. Before and after treatment， the two groups were compared in terms of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， advanced surgical technologies （AST）， total bilirubin （TBil）， hepatitis B virus （HBV）-DNA conversion rate， liver stiffness measurement （LSM）， four items of liver fibrosis （hyaluronidase， type Ⅲ pro-collagen， type Ⅳ collagen， and laminin）， the fibrosis index based on four factors （FIB-4）， the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index （APRI）， the apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） value in magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）， and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores， so as to analyze the efficacy of the two groups. ResultBefore treatment， there was no significant difference in ALT， AST， TBil， LSM， four items of liver fibrosis， FIB-4， APRI， HBV-DNA conversion rate， ADC value， and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores between the two groups. After treatment， both groups of patients showed significant reductions in ALT， AST， TBil， LSM， hyaluronidase， type Ⅲ pro-collagen， type Ⅳ collagen， laminin， FIB-4， and APRI （P<0.05） and a significant increase in ADC value （P<0.05） and HBV-DNA conversion rate （P<0.01）. The traditional Chinese medicine symptom score of the treatment group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the effective rate of clinical traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment group was 91.38% （53/58）， which was significantly higher than that of the control group （54.23%， 32/59） （Z=-4.325， P<0.01）. In the treatment group， ALT， AST， TBil， LSM， hyaluronidase， type Ⅲ pro-collagen， type Ⅳ collagen， laminin， FIB-4， APRI， and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores all decreased significantly （P<0.05）， and the increase in ADC values was more significant （P<0.05）， while the difference in HBV-DNA conversion rate was not statistically significant. There were no serious adverse reactions or events in either group. ConclusionTiaogan Huaxian pills combined with entecavir have significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B， which can reduce liver inflammation activity， delay hepatic fibrosis progression， and reduce traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Historical evolution and clinical application of classical prescription Yigongsan / 中国药房

Yigongsan， derived from QIAN Yi’s Key to Therapeutics of Children’s Diseases in the Song Dynasty， is a classic pediatric prescription that is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This paper verifies and analyzes the historical origin， composition， dosage， processing， decoction method and efficacy of Yigongsan by systematically combing ancient books and modern documents. As a result， Yigongsan is composed of five herbs： Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， Citrus reticulata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis， of which P. cocos should be peeled， A. macrocephala is fried with soil， G. uralensis is roasted with honey while P. ginseng and C. reticulata are raw products. According to the dosage of ancient and modern times， each medicinal herb must be ground into fine powder， 1.6 g for each， added with 300 mL of water， 5 pieces of Zingiber officinale， and 2 Ziziphus jujuba， decocted together to 210 mL， and taken before meals. In ancient books， Yigongsan is used to treat vomiting， diarrhea， spleen and stomach deficiency， chest and abdominal distension， and lack of appetite， etc. Modern research showed that Yigongsan could also be used in the diseases of immune system， respiratory system， blood system， etc.， involving infantile anorexia， asthma， anemia， tumors and so on.

Digestive System Injury Induced by Tripterygium wilfordii and How to Reduce Toxicity and Enhance Efficacy： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Tripterygium wilfordii is widely used in the treatment of immune system disease and has a remarkable curative effect. Triptolide and Tripterygium glycosides are the most commonly used active ingredients in clinical practice， but their treatment window is narrow and there are many side effects. The damage involves the reproductive system， blood system， cardiovascular system， digestive system， etc. Based on clinical observations and literature summaries， the symptoms of adverse reactions mostly occur in the digestive system （liver and gastrointestinal tract）. Relevant scholars have launched a lot of studies of the manifestations of liver injury induced by T. wilfordii and the mechanism of liver injury. The mechanism is mainly related to liver cell apoptosis， induction of oxidative stress， immune injury， excessive autophagy of liver cells， abnormal fatty acid metabolism， and abnormal enzyme metabolism in liver tissues. This article reviewed and summarized relevant literature on gastrointestinal injury caused by T. wilfordii， but there are few studies on the manifestations and mechanisms of adverse reactions， which still need further research by scholars. In addition， this article also summarized the research on how to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy of prescriptions prepared from T. wilfordii in the digestive system， mainly involving compatibility with western medicines （Methotrexate， Leflunomide， Iguratimod， etc.）， use along or combination with Chinese medicines （single Chinese medicine， Chinese medicine monomers， and Chinese medicine compounds）， acupuncture and moxibustion （electroacupuncture and moxibustion）， dosage form improvement （glycol plastid gel， self-dissolving microneedle， solid lipid nanoparticles， gastric floating sustained-release capsules， etc.）， processing （steaming， stir-frying， radish seed processing， money grass processing， licorice processing， etc.）， and other methods to reduce toxicity. To sum up， this article analyzed the manifestations， mechanisms， and methods of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of T. wilfordii-induced liver injury and gastrointestinal injury by sorting out relevant literature， in order to provide a reference for the clinical application of T. wilfordii and some research ideas for the future in-depth study of T. wilfordii-induced digestive system injury.

Clinical Effect of Runzaoling Combined with Iguratimod on Primary Sjögren's Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with the Chinese medicine Runzaoling in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome （pSS）. MethodSeventy-two patients treated in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） from January 2021 to June 2022 who met the Western medical diagnosis of pSS and had the TCM syndrome of Yin deficiency and heat toxin syndrome were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group， with 36 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with iguratimod combined with Runzaoling， and the control group was treated with iguratimod. The treatment in both groups lasted for 12 weeks. The clinical symptoms， EULAR Sjogren's syndrome patient reported index （ESSPRI）， EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index （ESSDAI）， erythrocyte sedimentation Rate （ESR）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， immunoglobulin （IgG）， Schirmer score， and saliva flow of the two groups were determined before and after treatment. Furthermore， the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. ResultThe total response rate in the observation group was 75.0% （27 patients with response and 9 patients with no response）， which was higher than that （61.11%， 22 patients with response and 14 patients without response） in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the ESSPRI， ESSDAI， and TCM syndrome scores in both groups decreased and the decreases were more obvious in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The treatment in both groups recovered the ESR， CRP， IgG， Schirmer score， and saliva flow （P<0.05）. Moreover， the observation outperformed the control group in terms of the ESR， CRP， IgG， and saliva flow （P<0.05） and had no significant difference in the Schirmer score compared with the control group. During the treatment period， 2 patients in the observation group had nausea， and 1 patient had an abnormal liver function， which were relieved after symptomatic treatment and did not affect the treatment. In the control group， 1 patient withdrew from the study due to rashes and showed no special discomfort in the follow-up 4 weeks， and 1 patient had nausea， which was relieved after symptomatic treatment. ConclusionIguratimod combined with Runzaoling has good clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of pSS.

Network Pharmacology in Research on Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Compound Prescriptions / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and compound prescriptions is confirmed based on practical experience. It is a highly generalized expression of the clinical characteristics and scope of prescriptions and a unique expression of the medical effects of TCM. Network pharmacology， as a cross-disciplinary field based on the theory of systems biology and multi-level analysis of biological systems， has become a common virtual screening tool in TCM research and gradually developed with the progress in big data and artificial intelligence. In the context of modern medicine， the efficacy of TCM compound prescriptions has a vague concept and lacks scientific evidence. Elucidating the connotation of TCM efficacy and guiding TCM theoretical research has become one of the hotspots and difficulties in TCM research. This article explores the feasibility of using network pharmacology for the research on the efficacy of TCM compound prescriptions and investigates whether the research results can represent part of the efficacy of prescriptions. Furthermore， the research platforms and algorithms in this field are summarized. The research ideas and existing problems in this field are proposed from the aspects of efficacy concept embodiment， target screening， result verification， efficacy network building， and homogenization avoiding of network pharmacology research results. Finally， the future development directions are prospected. This article is expected to provide a reference for exploring the modern biological basis of the efficacy of TCM and compound prescriptions and for the clinical application and theoretical research of TCM.