Síndrome metabólica: análise conceitual no contexto da enfermagem / Metabolic Syndrome: conceptual analysis in the nursing context / Síndrome metabólica: análisis conceptual en el contexto de la enfermería

Objetivo analisar o conceito síndrome metabólica e identificar respectivos atributos essenciais, antecedentes e consequentes no contexto da enfermagem. Método análise conceitual, a partir dos passos metodológicos de um modelo. Realizou-se revisão integrativa, por meio de acesso on-line a quatro bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud. Resultados os atributos essenciais mais frequentes envolveram os critérios diagnósticos da síndrome metabólica. Alimentação inadequada e sedentarismo destacaram-se como antecedentes mais comuns da síndrome, e os consequentes foram ocorrências de doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Como implicação, tem-se o destaque de relevantes dados empíricos para definição ampla do conceito. Conclusão foi possível analisar o conceito em estudo no que concerne aos atributos essenciais, antecedentes e consequentes, definindo-o operacionalmente como potencial fenômeno de enfermagem que demanda cuidados direcionados para redução do risco e da morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares.

Objective to analyze the metabolic syndrome concept and to identify its essential features, antecedents, and outcomes within the context of nursing. Method conceptual analysis, based on the methodological steps of a model. We carried out an integrative review by accessing four databases online: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud. Results the essential features most frequently involved the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. Inadequate nutrition and physical inactivity were highlighted as the most common antecedents of the syndrome, and the outcomes were occurrences of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. As implication, we highlight relevant empirical data to the broad definition of the concept. Conclusion we could analyze the concept under study regarding essential features, antecedents, and outcomes, operationally defining it as a potential nursing phenomenon, which demands health care focusing on reducing risks and morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular diseases.

Objetivo analizar el concepto síndrome metabólica e identificar respectivos atributos esenciales, antecedentes y consecuentes en el contexto de la enfermería. Método análisis conceptual, desde los pasos metodológicos de un modelo. Se realizó la revisión integrativa, por medio de acceso online a cuatro bases de datos: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud y Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud. Resultados los atributos esenciales más frecuentes involucraron los criterios diagnósticos del síndrome metabólica. Alimentación inadecuada y sedentarismo se destacaron como antecedentes más comunes del síndrome, y los consecuentes fueron ocurrencias de enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Como implicación, se tiene el destaque de relevantes datos empíricos para la definición amplia del concepto. Conclusión ha sido posible analizar el concepto en estudio en el que concierne a los atributos esenciales, antecedentes y consecuentes, definiéndolo operacionalmente como potencial fenómeno de enfermería que demanda cuidados direccionados para la reducción del riesgo y de la morbimortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares.

A Systematic Review Investigating the Effect of Internet-based Social Support on Long-term Weight Management in Adults.

Background: Obesity is recognised as being at the forefront of current ‘lifestyle diseases and without appropriate interventions the prevalence levels are projected to increase, Government Office for Science, [1]. A major challenge in the treatment of obesity is maintenance of weight loss. Wing et al. [2]. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of internet-based social support as a cost effective method for aiding long-term weight loss maintenance in comparison to traditional methods. Methods: Three health related databases, Medline, Web of Science and Embase, were searched for studies, reported in the English language, published between 2002 and 2012. Inclusion criteria for the study population was adults >18years who had completed a weight loss programme and then provided with internet based social support for at least a 6 month duration. BMI and weight change data needed to be available. The type of internet support could vary eg e-mails, on-line discussion forums. The quality of each paper meeting the inclusion criteria was assessed using an adapted Newcastle- Ottawa scale Wells et al. [3]; the highest score being 15. A second researcher independently assessed the selection and quality processes. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria (quality scores of 7-13); one showed a statistically significant effect of web-based social support in weight loss maintenance versus a traditional face-to-face approach (p=0.05). Three studies suggested a possible effect and three no effect. Attrition rates indicate that participant engagement in webbased programmes can be poor and that participant compatibility varied. The majority of subjects were women (1504/1959). Mean duration of follow up period for weight loss maintenance =55.1 weeks. The interventions included private and group e-mails, chat room and bulletin boards. It was suggested that web-based social support programmes could enhance traditional face-to-face communication methods, as opposed to replacing them. Discussion: Given limited healthcare resources and obesity prevalence the internet could be a scalable vehicle for providing social support for weight loss maintenance. This review found mixed outcomes of the effectiveness of internet-based support. Different components of internet support may be more effective for different people. The studies were mainly comparing internet based support against traditional face-to-face support which is likely to be more costly. Conclusion: Further research in this area is required. Areas to explore include; for whom this type of weight loss maintenance support would be most appropriate and what methods of delivery/components of internet based support are more effective. Also how can this support be used alongside traditional face-to-face methods to achieve the best long-term weight loss outcomes most cost effectively.

Psicoterapia breve en grupo: una modalidad práctica con enfoque constructivista y ecosistémico para la solución de problemas / Brief groups psychotherapy: a practical embodiment with constructivist and ecosystemic for troubleshooting

En el presente artículo se expondrá cómo se construyeron escenarios interventivos haciendo uso de la modalidad de psicoterapia breve en grupo con enfoque constructivista y ecosistémico, y cómo desde dichos escenarios se vehiculizaron, a través de las conversaciones generativas, nuevas formas de comprender las múltiples realidades y las diferencias que subyacen a estas. Durante el proceso, participaron cuatro consultantes y un psicoterapeuta (como centro mediador-posibilitador). Metodológicamente, se hizo uso de la modelización sistémica, en la cual el terapeuta, a partir de su capacidad y creatividad para generar nuevos niveles de comprensión de las realidades, fue moldeando escenarios de intervención en donde el motivo de consulta se transformó en el pretexto para generar cambios de orden lógico en los niveles de comprensión de cada uno de los participantes. Una de las estrategias utilizadas por el terapeuta fue el uso del correo electrónico narrativo, el cual hace referencia a una plataforma en la que los participantes del proceso consignaban narrativas escritas que permitían relatar los eventos emergentes durante el proceso y potencializar los cambios. Lo anterior facilitó la emergencia de soluciones a los diferentes problemas.

This article will outline how interventional scenarios were constructed using the method of brief group psychotherapy through a systemic eco-constructivist approach and how new ways of understanding multiple realities and differences that underlie them arose through generative conversations directed in these scenarios. Four consultants and a psychotherapist (as mediator enabler-center) were involved in the process. Methodologically, systemic modeling, in which the therapist, drawing from his own abilities and creativity in order to generate new levels of understanding of the multiple realities, was able to shape intervention scenarios where the reason for consultation became the pretext for generating logical order changes in the levels of understanding of each of the participants. One of the strategies used by the therapist was the use of e-mail narrative, which refers to a platform on which participants in the process logged written narratives that enabled them to recount events emerging during the process and thus allowed them to enhance change. This facilitated the emergence of solutions to different problems.

Effectiveness of the Military Mental Health Promotion Program

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the Military Mental Health Promotion Program. The program was an email based cognitive behavioral intervention. METHODS: The research design was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 32 soldiers who agreed to participate in the program. Data were collected at three different times from January 2012 to March 2012; pre-test, post-test, and a one-month follow-up test. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The effectiveness of the program was tested by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The first hypothesis that the level of depression in the experimental group who participated in the program would decrease compared to the control group was not supported in that the difference in group-time interaction was not statistically significant (F=2.19, p=.121). The second and third hypothesis related to anxiety and self-esteem were supported in group-time interaction, respectively (F=7.41, p=.001, F=11.67, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the program is effective in improving soldiers' mental health status in areas of anxiety and self-esteem.

A Workplace Email-linked Website Intervention for Modifying Cancer-related Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors: Rationale, Design and Baseline Findings

Introduction: The use of email and website as channels for workplace health information delivery is not fully explored. This study aims to describe the rationale, design, and baseline findings of an email-linked website intervention to improve modifiable cancer risk factors. Methods: Employees of a Malaysian public university were recruited by systematic random sampling and randomised into an intervention (n=174) or control group (n=165). A website was developed for the intervention and educational modules were uploaded onto the website. The intervention group received ten consecutive weekly emails with hypertext links to the website for downloading the modules and two individual phone calls as motivational support whilst the control group received none. Diet, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, psychosocial factors and stages of change related to dietary fat, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity were assessed. Results: Participants were predominantly female and in non-academic positions. Obesity was prevalent in 15% and 37% were at risk of co-morbidities. Mean intake of fats was 31%, fruit was ~1 serving/day and vegetable was <1 serving/day. Less than 20% smoked and drank alcohol and about 40% were physically inactive. The majority of the participants fell into the Preparation stage for decreasing fat intake, eating more fruit and vegetables, and increasing physical activity. Self-efficacy and perceived benefits were lowest among participants in the Precontemplation/Contemplation stage compared to the Preparation and Action/Maintenance stages. Conclusion: Baseline data show that dietary and lifestyle practices among the employees did not meet the international guidelines for cancer prevention. Hence the findings warrant the intervention planned.

Inclusão digital e capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil (EpiFloripa 2009-2010) / Digital inclusion and functional capacity of older adults living in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (EpiFloripa 2009-2010)

OBJETIVO: Estudar a relação entre inclusão digital, na forma de troca de mensagens pela Internet, e capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se dados do EpiFloripa Idoso, um estudo transversal de base populacional com idosos (60+ anos) realizado entre 2009 e 2010. A capacidade funcional foi representada pela dificuldade ou incapacidade na realização de atividades básicas ou instrumentais da vida diária, e constituiu a variável dependente denominada dependência funcional. A variável independente principal foi a capacidade autorreferida de enviar e receber mensagens pela Internet usando um computador. Razões de prevalência (PR) e intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento (IC95 por cento) foram estimados em modelo multivariável por regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A amostra compreendeu 1.656 idosos entre 60 e 102 anos com idade média de 70,39 anos (DP = 7,79). Os idosos que conseguiam enviar e receber mensagens pela Internet sem dificuldade apresentaram prevalência significativamente menor de dependência funcional moderada/grave (RP = 0,61; IC95 por cento: 0,40 - 0,94) após ajuste para fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, de saúde e comportamentais. CONCLUSÕES: A troca de mensagens pela Internet possui forte associação com independência funcional. Não é possível inferir a relação de causalidade dessa associação. Estudos alicerçam a hipótese de que a troca de mensagens pela Internet e a independência funcional tenham uma associação bidirecional, aditiva e sinérgica. Estudos longitudinais poderiam investigar os mecanismos envolvidos nessa associação, para fundamentar políticas de inclusão digital de idosos e para identificar qual o perfil de idosos que mais se beneficiaria com essa inclusão.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between digital inclusion, represented by the exchange of online messages, and functional capacity of older adults living in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: Data were from EpiFloripa Idoso, a cross-sectional household-based survey conducted between 2009 and 2010 with older adults (60+ years). Functional capacity was represented by the inability / difficulty to perform basic / instrumental activities of daily living, and formed the outcome variable called functional dependence. The main independent variable was self-reported ability to send and receive online messages using the computer. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95 percentCI) were estimated with multivariable Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,656 older adults between 60 and 102 years old with a mean age of 70.39 years (SD = 7.79). Older adults who could send and receive online messages without difficulty demonstrated a significant lower prevalence of moderate / severe functional dependence (PR = 0.61; 95 percentCI: 0.40 - 0.94) after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, health and behavioral factors. CONCLUSIONS: The exchange of online messages has a strong association with functional independence. The causality of this association cannot be determined. Studies support the hypothesis that the exchange of online messages and functional independence have a bidirectional, additive and synergistic association. Longitudinal studies could elucidate the mechanisms involved in this association, in order to support digital inclusion policies for older adults, and to identify the profile of older adults who would benefit the most from digital inclusion.

Web-Based Survey of University Students and Faculty Members on Renaming of Psychiatry / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Psychiatric patients had less access to psychiatric care due to a stigma associated with psychiatric care. However there have been numerous efforts to break down the stigma. One of them was to change the name of the discipline to Mental Health Medicine, which was established nationwide in August, 2011. Authors try to understand the change of concepts by according to the change of the name of psychiatry. Subjects consisted of undergraduate and graduate students, and university faculty members. METHODS: The survey was conducted by the Kyung Hee University mass e-mail system. Mails were delivered to the undergraduate and graduate students, and university faculty members. The contents of the survey consisted of questions regarding awareness of the name change (psychiatry-->mental health medicine), positive or negative impressions of the name change, psychiatric history, and eligibility of access to the psychiatric clinic. RESULTS: Most respondents were not aware of the name change (90.8%), however they generally responded to the changed name positively (92.7%). Also they responded that by changing the name, the possibility of the easy access to psychiatric treatment would be expected. The undergraduate students group, the graduate students group, and the below 22 year old group responded more favorably to the name change compared to the faculty group and the above 22-year-old group. They also responded positively to the improvement of easy access to psychiatric treatment. However, regarding the effects of the name change on deciding to receive the psychiatric treatment, only small numbers were agreed to accept treatment. CONCLUSION: This survey showed that the less-than-22-year-old group, undergraduate students group, and graduate students group thought more positively to the name change (psychiatry->mental health medicine) compared to the group of more than the 22 years old and the faculty group. However, only small numbers of those groups answered that they can visit and receive psychiatric treatment when they are needed. One of the reasons they are reluctant to receive psychiatric care is due to the concern of the discrimination in employment and insurance coverage. Campaigns against stigmas for the psychiatric care via the proper method and time are needed nationwide, and should be enhanced. Practical policy should be re-established.

Las ideas infantiles sobre el derecho a la intimidad: sus particularidades desde el medio virtual / The children's ideas about the right to intimity: its peculiarities since

El Derecho a la Intimidad surge como una atribución jurídica a los niños a partir de la Convención de los Derechos de los niños (1989). La misma estipula el carácter incondicionado de dicho derecho, por concebir al niño como un sujeto activo y beneficiario de dicha atribución por el sólo hecho de serlo.Resulta de interés la indagación del derecho a la intimidad (concibiéndolo como una construcción socio-histórica) desde la perspectiva infantil: cómo conceptualizan y piensan dicha noción en relación a las prácticas y contextos en los que se desarrollan, contrastando estos datos con lo instituido desde La Convención…Y además, no sólo la indagación de la noción de derecho a la intimidad sino también en relación a categorías como lo público y lo privado.Así es que desarrollamos una indagación partiendo de las ideas infantiles en diferentes contextos o medios: desde contextos más coactivos (la escuela) hasta otros menos coactivos. En relación a estos últimos, el interés estará puesto específicamente en lo concerniente a medios virtuales (correo electrónico) por ubicar en ellos particularidades que permiten una reformulación de categorías anteriores, como así también la problematización de dimensiones como lo público, lo privado y lo íntimo.

A survey on the use of composite resin in Class II restoration in Korea / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study was to assess the current materials, methods and difficulties according to the year of licence and educational background of Korean dentists in Class II direct composite resin restorations. Total 17 questions were included in the questionnaire. Questions were broadly divided into two parts; first, operator's information, and second, the materials and methods used in Class II posterior composite restoration. The questionnaire was sent to dentists enrolled in Korean Dental Association via e-mail. Total 12,193 e-mails were distributed to dentists, 2,612 e-mails were opened, and 840 mails (32.2%) were received from respondents. The data was statically analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS(v. 12.0.1, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Male dentists among respondents was 79%. 60.3% of the respondents acquired their licences recently (1998-2007), and 77% practiced in private offices. 83.4% have acquired their knowledge through school lectures, conferences and seminars. For the Class II restorations, gold inlays were preferred by 65.7% of respondents, while direct composite resin restorations were used by 12.1% amalgam users were only 4.4% of respondents. For the restorative technique, 74.4% of respondents didn't use rubber dam as needed. For the matrix, mylar strip (53.4%), metal matrix (33.8%) and Palodent system (6.5%) were used. 99.6% of respondents restored the Class II cavity by incremental layering. Obtaining of the tight interproximal contact was considered as the most difficult procedure (57.2%) followed by field isolation (21%). Among various bonding systems, 22.6% of respondents preferred SE Bond and 20.2% used Single Bond. Z-250 was used most frequently among a variety of composite resins.

Effect of 1 Year E-mail Nutrition Education after Face-to-Face Encounter at Worksite: Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Effective nutrition educations for prevention of chronic diseases for the general population are of great importance these days. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of nutrition education for cardiovascular risk factor reduction by e-mail education in male workers. The participants were divided into three groups by age; 28-39 age group, 40-49 age group, and 50-59 age group who got regular checkups for anthropometry and biochemistry. The 1 year program consisted of 15 topics containing information about metabolic syndrome (MS) and healthy eating behavior (intake of salt, fat and alcohol). Seven hundred thirty nine participants volunteered for the study [28-39 age group, n = 240; body mass index (BMI) = 24.9 +/- 2.7 kg/m2: 40' group, n = 276; BMI = 24.8 +/- 2.6 kg/m2: 50' group, n = 223; BMI = 24.9 +/- 2.7 kg/m2]. Percentage body fat (p<0.05) and percentage of abdominal fat (p<0.05), total cholesterol (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05) were significantly decreased in all participants after the 1 year program. The total number of participants who had MS was decreased from 216 to 199 and especially the incidence of MS was decreased 27% in the group of subjects who were under the age 39. The e-mail worksite nutrition education program shows a substantial contribution to the development of effective CVD and chronic disease control and lifestyle nutrition educations that are applicable to and attractive for the large population at risk.

Je pense que tu voulais dire. [Creo que lo que querías decir era]: función de las reformulaciones al hablar por correo electrónico en francés como lengua extranjera / Je pense que tu voulais dire. [I Think that what You Mean Is]: Functions of Clarifications when Talking Via E-mail in French as a Foreign Language

Este artículo se deriva de una investigación basada en una experiencia de tándem lingüístico por correo electrónico, comunicación asincrónica establecida entre locutores de lengua materna diferente que se comunican para establecer una relación interpersonal y realizar un trabajo sobre la lengua de aprendizaje. El objetivo es indagar acerca de la función de la reformulación en este tipo de comunicación. Se utiliza la metodología del análisis conversacional para estudiar los comportamientos comunicativos e interacciónales de los participantes, el nativo (N) para ayudar al no-nativo (NN) a comprender sus mensajes y a mejorar su competencia comunicativa. Los resultados muestran que a través de la reformulación N asume un rol de colaborador.

This article draws on a study about linguistic pairs (tandem) by e-mail which was based on the asynchronous communication between speakers of different mother tongues in an attempt to facilitate their communication and joint construction of their own learning of a foreign language. This article is aimed at interrogating the function of clarifications in this type of communication. Conversation analysis is used to examine the participants’ communicative and interactive behaviors focusing on how the native speaker (N) helps the non-native speaker (NN) comprehend information and improve his/her communicative competence. Results demonstrate that native speakers shape their role as “language pals” through clarifications helping non-native speakers.

Exploration of the common problems facing the nursing trainees / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the common problems that facing the nursing trainees and seek the way to solving them. Methods The established Internet forum for nursing eases which was divided into six areas,such as clinical decision,ethical problems,nursing skills, the relationship between teachers and students,the relationship between nurses and patients,vocational prevention;77 nursing stuedents who were from three junior colleges of Jiangxi province participated in this study voluntarily.Nursing cases that happened during practical period were sent to the forum by volunteers and were discussed by nursing students and tutors. Results The cases sent by the nursing students were listed as the following order:relationship between teachers and students, relationship between nurses and patients, vocational prevention, clinical decision, ethical problem, and nursing skills. Conclusions During practical period, the main problems which the nursing students focused on stemod from the relationship between teachers and students, the relationship between nurses and patients and vocational prevention. Nursing educators should put emphases on the related knowledge and skills in order to improve the students'ability of coping with these problems.

Development of E-Mail Education for Hyperlipidemia Health Check-up and Application Effects / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to monitor the effects of forming desirable eating and exercise habits and change the blood lipid levels by developing and applying E-Mail educational programs for a hyperlipidemia health check-up. METHOD: The research design used a nonequivalent control group pre-post test. Ninety-nine subjects (Exp.=50, Cont.=49) were selected randomly and the male subjects agreed to a hyperlipidemia health check-up at a comprehensive medical screening center. This study verified validity and reliability through factor analysis on a life habit measurement tool. The data was analyzed with SPSS win 12.0 using an chi-square-test,t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. RESULT: Eatingand exercise habit scores of the experimental group which were educated through E-Mails changed considerably more than that of the control group which was not educated. Total-cholesterol and LDLcholesterol in the experimental group was considerably lower than that in the control group, but HDL-cholesterol increased considerably. Triglycerides, however, didn't show change. CONCLUSION: An E-Mail educational program may be applied as a hyperlipidemia health check-up nursing intervention strategy.

Status on Influenza Vaccination in Some Community Health Centers / 한국역학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to improve the Korean influenza management system and to determine the status of influenza vaccination in some community health centers through a survey of the officers in charge of influenza vaccination. METHODS: The authors conducted a questionnaire survey by e-mail for the officers in charge of influenza vaccination of 8 community health centers in Daegu-si, 5 community health centers in Ulsan-si and 25 community health centers in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The authors developed a questionnaire including selection methods of the influenza vaccination objects, results of influenza vaccination in 2002, problems of influenza vaccination, the population within the respondents`jurisdiction and so on. RESULTS: The proportion of influenza vaccination at community health centers among all residents in the 2002-2003 influenza season was 3.8% in Daegu-si, 14.8% in Ulsan-si, 15.1% in urban Gyeongsangbuk-do and 24.9% in rural Gyeongsangbuk-do. The proportion of influenza vaccination at community health centers among priority cases for vaccination was 12.9% in Daegu-si, 43.1% in Ulsan-si, 39.3% in urban Gyeongsangbuk and 41.6% in rural Gyeongsangbuk-do. The officers in charge of influenza vaccination stated that the problems of influenza vaccination were deficiencies in preparatory examination such as manpower shortage. Twenty-five persons stated as a problem that influenza vaccinations conducted in the hospitals were hardly reported, and fifteen of these clarified that this was due to hospital indifference. CONCLUSIONS: The authors examined all community health centers of Daegu-si, Ulsan-si, and Gyeongsangbuk-do, and investigated the vaccination states and problems that health officers were dealing with. Therefore, this study is meaningful with its basic data for the management of domestic influenza vaccination.

Customized Information Service and Retrieval of Biomedicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article introduces the customized information service,including its emergence,characteristic,contents as well as the way by which it is achieved.And then the process is explained by giving the demonstration of RSS customized information service provided by PubMed system.

E-health and Internet in Medicine-A Strategic Perspective

The Internet is becoming increasingly important and essential in medicine. The number of health-related web sites and medical portal sites is rising exponentially in recent years. Now, ensuring that the Internet becomes a suitable and comfortable medium for supporting medical applications is a challenging task. Internet in medicine has changed the health and illness behavior of e-health consumers and the traditional doctor-patient relationship. The patients now can get more health information online and take more responsibilities for their own care (consumer empowerment). E-communication using e-mails between doctors and patients has become popular, but this kind of practice needs a proper standard guideline. Implementation of point-of-care(telemedicine), e-consultation and Internet prescription evokes ethical, medicolegal, and social issues and threatens the treaditional medical practice. It is highly recommended that the Korean doctors be familiar with the e-health and e-medicine.

Factors Related to Self-Perceived Health of Young Adults / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To determine which factors are related to young adults perception of their health. Two research questions were asked. Which aspects of health does self-perceived health as a index of general health reflect? Why do two individuals with the same level of general health have different health perceptions? METHODS: The sampling frame comprised college or graduate school students, aged 20 to 29, who were members of A, one of the 4 biggest internet communication services. The questionnaires were sent to study samples(n= 1,000) and answered by E-mail. Response rate was 37.0%. RESULTS: Firstly, physical health ranked highest and self-perceived health ranked lowest. Secondly, health, anxiety, depression, and self-perceived health showed significant differences between the sexes, with women showing a higher health status in these categories except for self-perceived health. Thirdly, the two factors significantly related to self-perceived health were physical health and self-esteem, as determined by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The factors significantly related to self-perceived health were physical health and self-esteem. Further studies of the health characteristics of young adults are needed.

Combination of Email and DICOM protocols for DICOM data transmission via Internet / 医疗卫生装备

DICOM medical data may be blocked by firewalls between terminals when DICOM3.0 Standard is applied in transmission via Internet. Since most of the firewalls are opened for emails, this paper introduces a new method that uses both email and DICOM3.0 protocols to transmit medical images via Internet.