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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of varicella public health emergency events (PHEEs) in Xinwu District from 2016 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Data was retrieved from “Public Health Emergency Management Information System” in "Chinese Disease Control Information System" and “Jiangsu Provincial Vaccine Management Information System”. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the data. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 35 varicella PHEEs were reported in Xinwu District from 2016 to 2020, accounting for 57.38% of all PHEEs of infectious diseases in the same period. A total of 1 033 cases were reported, with an attack rate of 1.91%. The events showed a bimodal distribution. A small peak occurred from April to June, and the number of events accounted for 17.14%. A large peak occurred from November to January of the following year, and the number of events accounted for 82.86%. All events occurred in schools. Kindergartens were the most dangerous places, and the number of events accounted for 45.71%. Preschoolers aged 3-6 years accounted for 48.83% of the total cases, and the male-to-female ratio of students was 1.40:1. Among 234 cases with a history of immunization with Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine (VarV), the longer the time interval from the date of VarV inoculation to the data of onset, the higher the proportion of varicella cases. Varicella PHEEs reporting time was positively correlated with duration (rs=0.391 , P<0.05). Conclusion Early detection, early reporting and early isolation can effectively control the duration of the event. School varicella surveillance should be strengthened during the epidemic peak period. Preschoolers are vulnerable groups. It is suggested that VarV should be included in the inspection work for enrollment in kindergartens.
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Objective@#To learn the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease related public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2018 for the prevention and control. @*Methods@#The surveillance data was extracted from National Public Health Emergency Management Information System. Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze main diseases as well as distribution characteristics of time and places. @*Results@#A total of 445 events were reported, which caused 14362 cases and 34 deaths, with a attack rate of 0.69% and mortality rate of 0.24%. There were 298 events with less than 30 cases, accounting for 66.97%. The event classification was dominated by general events ( 242 events, 54.38% ) and ungraded events ( 201 events, 45.17% ). The main diseases were chickenpox ( 134 events, 30.11% ), hand foot mouth disease ( 59 events, 13.26% ) and other infectious diarrhea ( 51 events, 11.46% ). The incidence peaked from April to June ( 129 events, 28.99% ) and from November to December ( 131 events, 29.44% ). Ningbo ranked the top in the number of reported events ( 141 events, 31.69% ). Most events ( 322 events, 72.36% ) occurred in schools.@*Conclusions@#The infectious disease related public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2018 were mainly caused by chickenpox, hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea. The two peaks of the emergencies occurred from April to June and from November to December. Ningbo was the main area reporting infectious diseases, and schools were the main places.
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Objective To study the personnel composition, task, equipment and management of the national health emergency teams for radiological or nuclear emergency. Methods According to the responsibility and task division of the health emergency team for nuclear radiation emergencies, the national medical rescue team for nuclear radiation health emergency was established and equipped, and the management work such as training and exercise was carried out based on the potential scenario during a nuclear or radiological emergency. Results The national health emergency team for radiological or nuclear emergency was composed of professionals in the fields of radiation protection and monitoring, medical treatment, internal and external contamination treatment, food and drinking water testing, management personnel and logistics support personnel. Training and exercises is an important means to determine whether the technical capability and the equipment of the team are reasonable. Conclusion Standardized equipment and management of the emergency teamscouldensure the rapid response and efficient implementation of nuclear radiation health emergency work in all kinds of natural disasters and public health emergencies.
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Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak caused by norovirus infection in a school in Haidian district,Beijing.Methods Basic information of the school and data related to patients in the fields survey were collected and analyzed descriptively.Laboratory tests were performed to test the stool and anal swab specimens of both patients and cooks as well as the environmental specimens.Risk factors related to the incidence were analyzed through a case-control study.Results A total number of 119 patients were identified in the school.Clinical symptoms were mild,mainly involving vomiting (94.1％,112/119),abdominal pain (46.2％,55/119),but no need of hospitalization.The average age of the student patients was 6.38,with minimum and maximum between 5 and 11.Patients were found in 22 classes,but mainly in grade 1 and class 7 where 35 patients were found (30.17％).A total of 134 specimens of rectal swabs and stool were collected,with 7 positive for norovirus and 6 for sappovirus.Salmonella,Shigella,lapactic Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not found in on dinner sets,residual foods,bottled water or in drinking fountains.Index on water hygiene was unsatisfactory in classrooms or dormitories where more cases were found.Accommodation,north-facing-classrooms,abnormal water hygiene indexes were found related to the occurance of the disease (P＜0.05).Conclusions The outbreak was identified a gastroenteritis infection,caused by norovirus with symptoms as vomiting and abdominal pain.This event reached the reporting standards of public health emergencies-level Ⅳ.Discovery and isolation of the first case was not timely while transmission of the disease might be water-borne.Surveillance programs on symptoms,disinfection of vomit and stool in places like nurseries and schools should be strengthened to prevent the norovirus outbreak.
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Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak caused by norovirus infection in a school in Haidian district,Beijing.Methods Basic information of the school and data related to patients in the fields survey were collected and analyzed descriptively.Laboratory tests were performed to test the stool and anal swab specimens of both patients and cooks as well as the environmental specimens.Risk factors related to the incidence were analyzed through a case-control study.Results A total number of 119 patients were identified in the school.Clinical symptoms were mild,mainly involving vomiting (94.1％,112/119),abdominal pain (46.2％,55/119),but no need of hospitalization.The average age of the student patients was 6.38,with minimum and maximum between 5 and 11.Patients were found in 22 classes,but mainly in grade 1 and class 7 where 35 patients were found (30.17％).A total of 134 specimens of rectal swabs and stool were collected,with 7 positive for norovirus and 6 for sappovirus.Salmonella,Shigella,lapactic Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not found in on dinner sets,residual foods,bottled water or in drinking fountains.Index on water hygiene was unsatisfactory in classrooms or dormitories where more cases were found.Accommodation,north-facing-classrooms,abnormal water hygiene indexes were found related to the occurance of the disease (P＜0.05).Conclusions The outbreak was identified a gastroenteritis infection,caused by norovirus with symptoms as vomiting and abdominal pain.This event reached the reporting standards of public health emergencies-level Ⅳ.Discovery and isolation of the first case was not timely while transmission of the disease might be water-borne.Surveillance programs on symptoms,disinfection of vomit and stool in places like nurseries and schools should be strengthened to prevent the norovirus outbreak.