Endocarditis infecciosa en Hospital de Talca, período 1998 - 2015 / Infective endocarditis at Hospital de Talca, 1998-2015

Resumen: Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con una alta mortalidad que se ha mantenido estable en los últimos años pese a avances en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas de los pacientes con Endocarditis Infecciosa tratados en el Hospital de Talca. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en que se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa atendidos entre 1998 y 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Talca. Resultados: Se encontraron 62 pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa con un promedio de edad de 49,7 años, 61,2% de ellos de sexo masculino, 21% de ellos con válvula protésica y 13% con antecedentes de enfermedad reumática. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y enfermedad renal crónica. El 72,5% de los pacientes se presentaron con síndrome febril y soplo asociado. Un 87,1% presentaban vegetaciones al ecocardiograma. El 67,1% de los pacientes tenía hemocultivo positivo, de los cuales el microorganismo más frecuente fue el Staphylococcus aureus (22,6%). Un 24,2 % de los pacientes requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de un 19,3%. Conclusiones: Las características clínicas de los pacientes descritos son similares a estudios nacionales e internacionales, con una mortalidad intrahospitalaria elevada.

Abstract: Background: Infective endocarditis is a disease with high mortality that remains stable in recent years despite advances in it's diagnosis and treatment. Aim: Evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis treated at Hospital de Talca, Chile. Material and Methods: Retrospective study in which the clinical records of patients with infective endocarditis treated between 1998 and 2015 at Hospital Regional de Talca were reviewed. Results: 62 patients with infective endocarditis were identified. The median age was 49,7 years, 61,2% were males. 21% carried one or more prosthetic heart valve and 13% had previous rheumatic valve disease. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. 72,5% presented with fever and a cardiac murmur, 87,1% had vegetations in echocardiography. In 67% of patients blood cultures were positive and22,6% of them had blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus. 24,2 % of patients required hearth surgery. Hospital mortality was 19,3%. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of patients included in this series were similar to those found in national and international studies, Hospital mortality was high

Síndrome de Austrian en endocarditis infecciosa: reporte de un caso y manejo médico quirúrgico exitoso / Austrian syndrome in infective endocarditis

Resumen: El Síndrome de Austrian, corresponde al cuadro clínico descrito por Robert Austrian en 1957, definido por la triada de Neumonía, Endocarditis Infecciosa (EI) y Meningitis, causado por Streptococcus pneumoniae. En la mayoría de los casos el vicio valvular presente, es la insuficiencia valvular aórtica, cuyo tratamiento médico y resolución quirúrgica de acuerdo con su gravedad, deben ser realizados precoz y oportunamente. Un paciente de 51 años, sin antecedentes de valvulopatía, con historia de poli consumo de alcohol y cocaína comenzó dos semanas previo a su ingreso hospitalario con síndrome febril, neumonía, y meningitis bacteriana por Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sus hemocultivos fueron negativos. El ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE) fue compatible con EI valvular aórtica con insuficiencia moderada a severa. Se trató como EI a microorganismo desconocido y se efectuó un reemplazo valvular aórtico electivo con prótesis biológica a la 5° semana después de terminado el tratamiento médico antibiótico, cuyo resultado fue exitoso.

Abstract: A syndrome including Infective endocarditis, pneumonia and Meningitis caused by S pneumoniae was described by Robert Austrian in 1957. The aortic valve is affected in most cases. Medical followed by surgical treatment should be promptly implemented. The clinical case of a 51 year old man with a history of multiple drug consumption developing fever, pneumonia, and meningitis caused by S pneumoniae is presented. Blood cultures were negative and trans esophageal echocardiography showed aortic valve vegetations and moderate regurgitation. After multiple antibiotic treatment the patient underwent aortic valve replacement and recovered satisfactorily. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this syndrome are discussed.

Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm after Surgery for Infective Endocarditis with Annular Abscess: A case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

We report a surgical case of 39-year-old male with a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle. Four years ago, the patient underwent aortic and mitral valve replacements with mechanical valves and abscess removal for infective endocarditis with annular abscess. Recent echocardiography demonstrated a communication between left ventricle and abscess pocket, and the size of pocket increased further at the follow-up echocardiography. The patient underwent patch closure of the defect between left ventricle and pseudoaneurysm located at the aortomitral fibrous continuity, under the cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 9th postoperative day.

Active Infective Endocarditis with Vegetation of Right Atrium in Patient with End-stage Renal Disease / 대한흉부외과학회지

Infective endocarditis that involves the right side of the heart has been estimately 5% of all cases of infective endocarditis. It has been shown that about 70% of right-sided heart infective endocarditis cases have preexisting congenital heart disease or acquired valvular lesion. It would occur in intravenous drug users or end-stage renal disease patients with indwelling venous dialysis catheter. Antibiotic therapy is more effective in the right and, when it fails, the consequence of valve disruption and emboli are less. Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis are a unique population with regard in the risk of bacteremia and subsequent infective endocarditis. We experienced one case of the active infective endocarditis with right atrial vegetation without tricuspid or pulmonary valve involvement in patient with end-stage renal disease receiving long-term hemodialysis, who needed surgical correction after medical treatment failure. Then we reported it with references that right-sided heart infective endocarditis is rare, but difficult to diagnose, life-threatening because of delayed medical treatment

Short-Term Results of Early Surgery for Active Infective Endocarditis / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Although there is a controversy on the optimal timing for active infective endocarditis(IE), recently good results of early surgical intervention have been published. Herein, we analyzed the results of surgery for active IE according to the duration of preoperative antibiotic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospectively, we analyzed 51 patients who underwent operation for active IE at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery of Samsung medical center from Mar. 1995 to Oct. 2001. Male to female ratio was 39:12, mean age of the patients was 44.5+/-17.8 years(range : 13~74). Infected valves were mitral valve in 17(33.3%), aortic valve in 15(29.4%), mitral and aortic valve in 12(23.5), and tricuspid valve in 5(9.8%) cases. Among them, prosthetic valve endocarditis was present in 10(19.6%) cases. Infecting organism was Staphylococcus in 19 (37.3%), Streptococcus in 17(33.3%), Enterococcus in 3(5.9%), fungus in 3(5.9%), and other bacteria in 5(9.8%) cases. Organism was not isolated in 6(11.8%) cases, and two organisms were isolated in 4(7.8%) cases. Dividing these patients into two groups according to the duration of preoperative antibiotic treatment(A: less than 7 days, B: more than 8 days), we compared the surgical results between the two groups. RESULT: There were 16 cases in group A and 35 in group B. Annular reconstruction was performed in 10(62.5%) cases in group A and 10(28.6%) cases in group B, which has statistically significance(p<0.05). There was one early death in group B. Forty nine patients(96.1%) except two were followed up with mean follow-up duration of 28.7+/-23.6 months. Endocarditis was recurred in one in group A, and two in group B. Three late deaths occurred in group B. Recurrence rate and survival were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Early surgery for active IE showed good results as the result of that which was performed after prolonged antibiotic treatment; therefore, we believe that early surgery for active IE could effectively eradicate the infection.