Análisis cognitivos de carga mental e identificación del error humano para mejorar la experiencia de usuario / Cognitive analyses of mental workload and human error identification for the improvement of user experience

Resumen Las personas, en ocasiones, pueden sentirse abrumadas al tratar de interactuar con la tecnología moderna. Ciertos productos de uso cotidiano cuentan con diseños deficientes, por lo que pueden provocar una experiencia insatisfactoria y frustración, produciéndose con ellas una carga mental en el usuario que pueda inducir al error. El uso de técnicas para la identificación del error humano y de la evaluación de carga mental en el diseño y evaluación de productos, puede proporcionar información relevante y útil, para mejorar la experiencia del usuario. El objetivo de este trabajo fue proponer una metodología para integrar la evaluación de carga mental y el análisis del error humano en el diseño de productos. Se evaluó la carga mental mediante la técnica perfil de carga de trabajo, Workload Profile (WP), y se utilizó una metodología de identificación del error humano, Task Analysis For Error Identification (TAFEI), en la configuración de audífonos inalámbricos. Diez usuarios participaron voluntariamente en el estudio; sus experiencias en el uso de los audífonos fueron videograbadas. Se utilizaron formularios para evaluar carga mental, y se identificaron errores humanos durante la etapa de configuración de los audífonos con el teléfono móvil. El método utilizado en este trabajo ofrece una mayor sensibilidad en la evaluación de la carga mental y permite determinar los recursos de atención que más se utilizan en la realización de la tarea. Se detectaron dos oportunidades de rediseño, una relacionada con la señal lumínica, y la otra para la identificación de las puntas para cada oído. A partir de los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología propuesta en este estudio, los diseñadores pueden mejorar la interacción entre las personas y los productos.

Abstract People can sometimes feel overwhelmed when trying to interact with modern technology. Some everyday products have deficient designs which can result in an unsatisfactory experience and even frustration. Additionally, they may produce a mental workload that can induce the user to make mistakes during their usage. The use of techniques for human error identification and mental load assessment in products evaluation and design can provide relevant and useful information to improve the user's experience. The objective of this work was to propose a methodology for integrating mental workload assessment and human error analysis into product design processes. In this work, mental workload was evaluated during the configuration of wireless earphones using the Workload Profile (WP) technique, and the Task Analysis for Error Identification (TAFEI). Ten users voluntarily participated in the study; their experiences during the use of mobile phone earphones were video recorded. Rating sheets were used to assess mental workload and human errors were identified during the earphones' setup stage with the mobile phone. The method employed for this research offers higher sensitivity in the assessment of mental workload. It also enables the identification of attention resources that were more frequently used during task completion. Two opportunities for redesign were identified. The first one is related to the light signal detection and the second one to the correct identification of ear tips. Conclusions and recommendations are given for designers to improve the interaction between people and products.

Disminución de la tasa de errores en la medicación luego de la incorporación de la recomendación de la posología en un sistema de prescripción electrónica / Diminuição da taxa de erro de medicação após incorporar a recomendação de dosagem numa prescrição eletrônica / Reduction in the rate of errors in medication doses after the incorporation of a recommended posology in a prescription system

Los errores en la medicación son comunes en la práctica médica, más aún en los hospitales universitarios. Aquellos asociados con la dosis de los fármacos son los más frecuentes. Los sistemas computarizados de prescripción médica (CPOE, sigla en inglés para Computerized provider order entry) han demostrado mejorar la tasa de error e incrementar la calidad de cuidado médico. Nuestro hospital desarrolló su propia Historia Clínica Electrónica con un completo CPOE. Los farmacéuticos validan todas las prescripciones y rechazan aquellas que contienen errores, siendo los más frecuentes los vinculados conerrores en la dosis. Un grupo multidisciplinario acordó una lista de posología recomendada de fármacos que se ofrece a los médicos tratantes luego de que seleccionan la droga a prescribir. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el desarrollo e implementación de una estrategia de prevención de error que incorpora dosis recomendada en el proceso de prescripción electrónica.

Os erros de medicação são comuns na prática médica, ainda mais em hospitais universitários. Aqueles associados com a dose das drogas são as mais freqüentemente. Os sistemas informatizados de prescrição médica (CPOE,sigla em inglês para entrada de pedido do provedor informatizado) foram mostrados para melhorar a taxa de erro e aumentar a qualidade dos cuidados médicos. Nosso hospital desenvolveu a sua própria registros médicos eletrônicos com uma completa CPOE. Farmacêuticos valida todas as prescrições e rejeitar aqueles que contêm erros, sendo os mais freqüentes aqueles relacionados com erros na dose. Um grupo de trabalho multidisciplinar chegou a acordo sobre uma lista de dose recomendada de drogas que é oferecido aos médicos que depois que selecionar a droga de prescrever.

Medication errors are common in medical practice, even more in teaching hospitals. The errors associated with drugs doses are the most common. Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) has demonstrated that could improvethe error rate and increase the quality of medical care. Our hospital developed its own Electronic Health Record(EHR) with a full implemented CPOE. Pharmacists validate all the prescriptions, and reject those that contain errors,the most frequent errors are related to dose. A multidisciplinary group agreed on a list of recommended dose of drugs, that is offered to the treating physicians after selecting the drugs to prescribe. The aim of this study is to describe the development and implementation of a prevention strategy that incorporates recommended error in the process of electronic prescribing doses. The aim of this study is to describe the development and implementation strategy of error prevention that incorporates recommended dose in the prescription process electronics.

Patient safety management in the medication use process: prevention and management of medication error

Medication errors, resulting in risks to patient safety, occur throughout the entire medication use process, and include prescribing errors, dispensing errors, administering errors, and patient compliance errors. The results of many reports and studies on medication errors in several countries including the United States show that medication errors occur commonly, are costly and are often preventable. Medication errors involve a breakdown in more than one aspect of the medication use system such as lack of knowledge, standard performance and mental lapses, and defects or failure in the organizational system. Such medication errors compromise patient confidence in the healthcare system and increase healthcare costs. Hospitals must take a medication error prevention approach and also prepare various methods of managing medication errors once they have occurred. The necessity of a medication error reporting system should be emphasized. In Korea, with regard to medication errors, we have a long way to go. We have no documented data available on error rates, no published studies, and no error reporting system. In conclusion, medication errors are no longer a guarded, guilty-ridden professional secret in Korea. They should be considered problems in public healthcare policy. Therefore, we need to establish a medication error prevention and management system at the national level including a national error reporting system in the near future.